A prototrophic yeast strain will grow on minimal media only if it is supplemented with the appropriate nutrients.False.
A prototrophic yeast strain is capable of synthesizing all the nutrients it needs for growth from minimal media alone, without the need for supplementation. In contrast, an auxotrophic yeast strain is unable to synthesize certain essential nutrients and requires the supplementation of these nutrients in the media to support growth.
Therefore, if a yeast strain is prototrophic, it will grow on minimal media without any nutrient supplementation. In contrast, if a yeast strain is auxotrophic, it will not grow on minimal media alone, and nutrient supplementation is necessary to support its growth.
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A prokaryotic replisome typically contains two molecules of DNA pol III molecule of DNA pol I. Why? The DNA pol I works on the leading strand, while DNA pol IIIs fragments, since there are several of those, it takes more proteins to DNA pol I has a built-in proofreading exonuclease; DNA pol III DNA pol III is needed to follow the first to accomplish the necessary The DNA pol IIIs work at one replication fork, while the DNA pol I other. This way they don't meet exactly at the other side of the chron The DNA pol IIIs do most of the work. DNA pol I only has to work DNA pol I replaces the RNA primers with DNA, which really only repetitively on one strand, while both strands are worked on by DNA polymerases Pol I and pol III synthesize new DNAs with very high their: high processivity. 3' rightarrow 5' exonuclease activity. helicase association with the primase. t' rightarrow 3' exonuclease activity. all of the above. Answer the following questions about prokaryotic DNA replication: What are the names for the two newly synthesized DNA strands at the replication strand is synthesized continuously? Which strand is synthesized as Okazaki fragment Which enzyme is responsible for nick translation? Describe how the enzyme work translation.
The two newly synthesized DNA strands at the replication fork are the leading strand and the lagging strand. The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction by DNA polymerase III, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short, discontinuous segments called Okazaki fragments by DNA polymerase III.
The enzyme responsible for nick translation is DNA polymerase I. During replication, RNA primers are synthesized by primase and then extended by DNA polymerase III. Once the Okazaki fragments are synthesized, DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides, thus "filling in" the gaps left by the Okazaki fragments. This process is known as nick translation.
To carry out nick translation, DNA polymerase I has both 5' to 3' polymerase activity and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. The 5' to 3' polymerase activity allows it to add nucleotides to the 3' end of the nick, while the 3' to 5' exonuclease activity allows it to remove the RNA primer. Once the RNA primer is removed, the polymerase activity can continue to fill in the gap with DNA nucleotides.
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a potential source of infectious material from a patient in protective isolation includes
A potential source of infectious material from a patient in protective isolation includes bodily fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, and respiratory secretions.
Patients who are in protective isolation are typically immunocompromised or highly susceptible to infections, and as such, they are isolated in a controlled environment to minimize their exposure to potential pathogens. However, healthcare workers and other individuals who come into contact with these patients must take precautions to prevent the spread of infection.
Bodily fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, and respiratory secretions can all contain infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These fluids can be transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, through the air when the patient coughs or sneezes, or through direct contact with the patient's skin or mucous membranes.
To prevent the spread of infection, healthcare workers must follow strict protocols for handling and disposing of infectious materials, including wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and performing proper hand hygiene.
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10. describe limbic system, name different parts and functions of limbic system.
The limbic system is a complex set of brain structures that are involved in various functions, including emotions, motivation, learning, and memory. It is sometimes referred to as the "emotional brain" and is composed of multiple interconnected regions that work together to regulate and process emotional responses.
Some of the major structures of the limbic system include:
Hippocampus - This is a seahorse-shaped structure located in the temporal lobe that is primarily responsible for forming new memories and spatial navigation.
Amygdala - This is an almond-shaped structure located in the temporal lobe that is involved in processing emotions, especially fear and anxiety.
Hypothalamus - This is a small, but important structure located just below the thalamus that regulates the autonomic nervous system, which controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, and other vital functions. It is also involved in the release of hormones that regulate stress and other emotional responses.
Thalamus - This is a large structure located in the center of the brain that is responsible for relaying sensory information to the appropriate areas of the cortex for further processing.
Cingulate gyrus - This is a ridge located in the medial part of the brain that is involved in emotional processing and attention.
Fornix - This is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the hippocampus to the hypothalamus.
The limbic system works together to regulate emotions and behaviors by integrating information from different areas of the brain. For example, when a person is faced with a threat, the amygdala will trigger a fear response, which will activate the hypothalamus and release stress hormones that prepare the body for action. The hippocampus will then form a memory of the event to help the person recognize and respond to similar situations in the future.
Overall, the limbic system plays a critical role in shaping our emotions, motivations, and behavior, and is essential for our survival and well-being.
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which of teh following statements about viruses is more accurate? wiruses can reproduce rapidly on surfaces outside the body, viruses contain no dna or rna of their own; thereforem they must enter a host cell to obtain a nucleic acis
The statement "viruses contain no DNA or RNA of their own; therefore, they must enter a host cell to obtain a nucleic acid" is more accurate.
Viruses are infectious agents that are composed of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat. They are obligate intracellular parasites, which means they must enter a host cell in order to replicate and reproduce. Once inside a host cell, viruses hijack the cellular machinery to replicate their genetic material and produce new virus particles.
Unlike cells, viruses do not have the ability to carry out the essential functions of life on their own, such as metabolism or reproduction. They lack the necessary cellular machinery to replicate their genetic material and must rely on a host cell to reproduce. Therefore, the statement that viruses contain no DNA or RNA of their own and must enter a host cell to obtain a nucleic acid is more accurate.
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Which statement is CORRECT?
a. Both phosphodiester and glycosidic bonds in RNA and DNA are hydrolyzed in acid solution.
b. Both RNA and DNA are hydrolyzed in mild alkaline solution.
c. DNA is more unstable when dehydrated than when in solution
d. RNA is not hydrolyzed in mild alkaline solution.
e. Both A and B
e. Both A and B. Phosphodiester and glycosidic bonds in RNA and DNA can be hydrolyzed in both acid and mild alkaline solutions.
What is Phosphodiester?Phosphodiester is a type of covalent bond that is formed between two molecules of nucleic acid, such as DNA or RNA. This bond is formed when the phosphate group of one molecule is linked to the hydroxyl group of another molecule. This type of bond is responsible for the strong backbone of DNA and RNA, and it is essential for the proper functioning of these molecules. Phosphodiester bonds help to keep the two strands of DNA paired together and facilitate the process of transcription and replication. Additionally, this bond plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression.
DNA is more stable when dehydrated than when in solution, while RNA is hydrolyzed in mild alkaline solution.
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which of the following sets of data provides evidence that best supports common ancestry for organisms in all three domains? responses there are autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms found in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. there are autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms found in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. there is a progression of pathways in organisms found in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. there is a progression of pathways in organisms found in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. organisms in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya each have ad
Organisms in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya each have adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine bases forming their DNA. Answer: C.
All living organisms use DNA as their genetic material, and the fundamental building blocks of DNA, the nucleotides adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, are present in all organisms in the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. This provides strong evidence that all three domains share a common ancestry and evolved from a single common ancestor that used DNA as its genetic material. While the other answer choices provide evidence for similarities among organisms in different domains, they do not necessarily support a common ancestry for all three domains.
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Full Question ;
Which of the following sets of data provides evidence that best supports common ancestry for organisms in all three domains?
A. There are autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms found in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
B. There is a progression of pathways in organisms found in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
C. Organisms in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya each have adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine bases forming their DNA.
D. There is a progression of cellular organization in organisms found in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
1. Why do you think that primates (monkeys, apes and humans) have lost the ability to produce vitamin C? (Hint: think about the diet of early primates).
2. Explain why the GULO gene in humans may be considered vestigial.
3. Explain how the presence of the GULO gene in humans provides evidence for evolution.
The GULO gene, also known as the L-gulonolactone oxidase gene, is responsible for encoding the enzyme that is required for the synthesis of vitamin C in most animals, including mammals. However, in some animals, including primates and guinea pigs, the GULO gene has accumulated mutations that prevent it from functioning to produce the enzyme, leading to a condition called hypovitaminosis C or scurvy.
In humans, the GULO gene is present but has accumulated mutations that prevent it from producing functional L-gulonolactone oxidase enzyme, thus humans are unable to synthesize their own vitamin C and must obtain it from dietary sources. The vestigial GULO gene in humans is a clear indication of evolutionary history, supporting the theory of common descent.
This suggests that humans, like other primates, have evolved from ancestors that had the ability to synthesize vitamin C, but subsequently lost the ability due to changes in their environment and diet. The vestigial GULO gene in humans is thus a clear indication of the evolution of primates, supporting the theory of common descent.
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which accessory gland secretes sugars and nutrients to nourish the sperm?
The seminal vesicle secretes fluid that contains fructose, amino acids, and enzymes to provide energy and nutrients to the sperm cells.
The frill organ that secretes sugars and supplements to feed the sperm is the fundamental vesicle. It is a couple of organs situated behind the bladder and joined to the vas deferens, the cylinder that conveys sperm from the testicles. The original vesicles produce a liquid that is a huge part of the semen volume.
This liquid contains different parts, including fructose, amino acids, catalysts, and prostaglandins, which give energy and supplements to the sperm cells. The presence of these supplements assists with improving the motility and endurance of the sperm cells, improving the probability of preparation.
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oxytocin is an example of what type of hormone? responses lipid-derived lipid-derived amino acid-derived amino acid-derived peptide
Oxytocin is an example of a peptide hormone.
Peptide hormones are composed of chains of amino acids, while lipid-derived hormones are derived from lipids.
In the case of oxytocin, it is a peptide hormone composed of nine amino acids that is produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. Oxytocin plays a variety of roles in the body, including stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth, promoting milk ejection during breastfeeding, and promoting social bonding and attachment between individuals.
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How are the processes of DNA replication and mRNA transcription different?
Answer:
The process of DNA replication involves the duplication of the entire DNA molecule, while mRNA transcription involves the synthesis of a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to a portion of the DNA molecule. Additionally, DNA replication occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, while mRNA transcription occurs in the nucleus (in eukaryotes) and the cytoplasm (in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes).
Explanation:
muscle spindles act as length detectors, and are important for achieving a high degree of control in movement. identify the muscles that are likely to have the highest density of muscle spindles.
Sensory receptors muscle spindles act as length detectors, and are important for achieving a high degree of control in movement.
Muscle spindles are specialized sensory receptors found within muscle tissue that are responsible for detecting changes in muscle length and tension. These structures play an important role in the control of movement by providing information to the central nervous system about the position and movement of the body.
Muscles that require fine motor control and precise movement are likely to have the highest density of muscle spindles. This includes muscles that are responsible for movements that require high levels of precision and accuracy, such as those in the hands and fingers. For example, the small muscles of the hand and fingers, such as the lumbricals and interossei muscles, are likely to have a high density of muscle spindles.
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What is a genome?
A. The field of study that looks into the purpose of each
gene.
B. A genome is the same as a chromosome.
C. The entire set of genetic information for an organism.
D. A small concrete statue that some people place outside
their homes for good luck.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
It's not an individual chromosome, but the set of all DNA. This eliminates B.
Choice A is out because that would be a specialized genetics field of study.
Choice D is the obvious wrong one.
