The amount of net income the Clarkson Company should report for the six months ended June 30, 2020, using accrual accounting is -$2,000.
Net income computation for the first six months of 2020 using accrual accounting
Sales Revenue = 12,000
Costs
Rent paid in cash = 3,000
Insurance paid in cash = 200
Salaries paid in cash = 2,800
Supplies (purchased on account) = 1,800
Corporate property tax paid in cash = 1,200
Calculation
We can compute the net income of the Clarkson Company for the first six months of 2020 using accrual accounting by following the steps below
Compute the Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable = Sales Revenue - Cash Sales
Accounts Receivable = 12,000 - 5,000
Accounts Receivable = $7,000
Compute the total amount of expenses
Expenses = Rent + Insurance + Salaries + Supplies + Corporate Property Tax
Expenses= $3,000 + $200 + $2,800 + $1,800 + $1,200
Expenses = $9,000
Compute the net income
Net Income = Accounts Receivable - Expenses
Net Income = $7,000 - $9,000
Net Income = -$2,000
Therefore, the amount of net income the Clarkson Company should report for the six months ended June 30, 2020, using accrual accounting is -$2,000.
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International trade based on external scale economies in both countries is likely to
be carried out by a
A.relatively large number of price competing firms.
B.relatively small number of price competing firms.
C.relatively small number of competing oligopolists.
B. relatively small number of price competing firms.
When international trade is based on external scale economies in both countries, it typically involves industries or sectors where there are significant economies of scale in production. These economies of scale result in lower average costs as production volume increases. As a result, the industries tend to be dominated by a relatively small number of large firms that can take advantage of these scale economies.
In this scenario, the firms have a competitive advantage due to their ability to achieve lower costs through economies of scale. This advantage allows them to be price competitive in the international market. However, since the number of firms is relatively small, they can maintain their market power and engage in price competition.
Therefore, international trade based on external scale economies is likely to be carried out by a relatively small number of price competing firms.
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Question 4 What is the first thing that you should do in the introduction of your speech? a. clearly state the relevance of your topic b. get the audience's attention c. preview your main points d. say your name
When giving a speech, the introduction is the most crucial part as it can make or break your speech.
The first thing that should be done in the introduction of your speech is to get the audience's attention.
It's because people will be more likely to listen to your message if you can grab their attention from the start. There are several ways that you can get your audience's attention.
You could start with a relevant story or an interesting statistic, quote or fact. Another way to get your audience's attention is to ask a thought-provoking question or to use humor. For example, you could start your speech with a funny joke to break the ice, or you could use an unexpected visual aid to make your audience curious about what you're going to talk about.
In summary, the first thing that should be done in the introduction of your speech is to get your audience's attention by using a creative hook that will spark their interest and make them want to listen to what you have to say.
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Suppose Happy Dog Soap Company is evaluating a proposed capital budgeting project (project Alpha) that will require an initial investment of $600,000. The project is expected to generate the following net cash flow: Happy Dog Soap Company's weighted average cost of capital is 9%, and project Alpha has the same risk as the firm's average project. Based on the cash flows, what is project Alpha's net present value (NPN)?
The weighted average cost of capital for Happy Dog Soap Company is 9%, and project Alpha is at the same risk as the firm's typical project. The NPV of Project Alpha is -$416,513.52.
The Happy Dog Soap Company is evaluating a proposed capital budgeting project, project Alpha, that will require an initial investment of $600,000. The project is expected to generate the following net cash flow. The net cash flow generated by Project Alpha Year Net Cash Flow0 ($600,000)1 $200,0002 $300,0003 $100,0004 $100,0005 $100,0006 $100,000
Hence, the NPV of Project Alpha can be calculated as follows: NPV = -Initial Investment + PV of Net Cash Flows, PV of Net Cash Flows = $200,000/(1+0.09)^1 + $300,000/(1+0.09)^2 + $100,000/(1+0.09)^3 + $100,000/(1+0.09)^4 + $100,000/(1+0.09)^5 + $100,000/(1+0.09)^6= $200,000/1.09 + $300,000/1.09^2 + $100,000/1.09^3 + $100,000/1.09^4 + $100,000/1.09^5 + $100,000/1.09^6= $200,000/1.09 + $300,000/1.1881 + $100,000/1.2950 + $100,000/1.4116 + $100,000/1.5386 + $100,000/1.6771= $183,486.48
Therefore, the NPV of Project Alpha is: NPN = -Initial Investment + PV of Net Cash Flows= -$600,000 + $183,486.48= $-416,513.52.
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Question 6 You should carefully memorize the entire speech. a. False b. True
The statement “You should carefully memorize the entire speech” is not always true as sometimes it may not be the best way to deliver the message to the audience.
It may lead to a monotonous delivery and the speaker may lose the connection with the audience. A good public speaker should aim at delivering the speech in an interesting way that would capture the attention of the audience. A speaker who memorizes the entire speech is more likely to have a monotonous delivery and may not be able to connect well with the audience. Memorizing the whole speech is not always necessary as this may limit the speaker’s ability to respond to the audience's reactions or to adjust the speech according to the audience's mood. It is crucial to know the main points of the speech that you want to deliver. Memorization of speeches is a technique that is often used by speakers. However, the process can be daunting and lead to stage fright.
The goal of any speech is to effectively deliver the message to the audience and, therefore, a speaker must understand that memorization is not the only way to deliver a speech. A speaker can use notes as a guide to ensure that the speech is delivered according to the intended flow. Therefore, the statement “You should carefully memorize the entire speech” is not always true. A speaker can use other methods to deliver a speech effectively and capture the attention of the audience. A good public speaker should be flexible enough to adjust the speech according to the audience's mood and reactions. Knowing the main points of the speech and using notes as a guide can help in ensuring that the message is delivered effectively to the audience.
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In many cases, the price charged by a seller may have little or no relationship to actual costs (T/F).
True. Price may not directly correlate with actual costs in sales.
What factors influence pricing decisions?True. The price charged by a seller often has little or no direct relationship to the actual costs involved. While costs play a significant role in determining the minimum price required for profitability, pricing decisions are influenced by various factors beyond costs.
These factors include market demand, competition, perceived value, brand positioning, target market, pricing strategies, and customer psychology. Sellers may choose to set prices higher or lower than their costs based on these factors to maximize profits, gain market share, create perceived value, differentiate from competitors, or implement dynamic pricing strategies.
Therefore, the relationship between price and actual costs can vary significantly depending on the specific circumstances and strategic considerations of the seller.
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A company that capitalizes costs instead of expensing them will have: lower cash flows from investing and lower income variability lower cash flows from operations and higher profitability in the early years higher income variability and higher cash flow from operations
A company that capitalizes costs instead of expensing them will have lower cash flows from investing and lower income variability.
Capitalizing costs refers to the process of adding the cost of a particular asset to the balance sheet of a company instead of expensing the cost in the income statement. This has a direct impact on the cash flows of the company and the variability of the income.Lower Cash Flows from Investing:Capitalizing costs mean that the company is using a large sum of money in acquiring an asset and less cash to invest in other areas of the business. This will result in a decrease in the cash flows from investing.Lower Income Variability:Expensing costs increase the variability of income in a company, while capitalizing costs does not have a significant impact on the variability of income. This is because capitalizing costs smoothen out the expenses by spreading them out over the useful life of the asset. As such, the income will be less volatile.
In conclusion, a company that capitalizes costs instead of expensing them will have lower cash flows from investing and lower income variability. The company may have lower profitability in the early years, but in the long run, it will have a more stable financial position.
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Saltwater Moving Inc. has been contracted to move a large two-story home from one location to another location 12 blocks away. The home will be lifted off of its foundation and mounted on moving equipment and will be taken down a residential street to a main boulevard and will require closure of the Boulevard for six blocks during the move. Saltwater Moving Inc. performs these types of moves as a primary function of their business and the project manager spends a great deal of time preparing for a one time project such as moving a large house. In developing this project, the project manager has identified many risks related to lifting the house onto moving equipment, scheduling contractor for electrical phone and cable utilities to be turned off and cables extending across streets to be removed temporarily to accommodate the path for the house. Plans will be made to contract staff to manage traffic control as well as pedestrian bystanders for safety. Analysis of the structural integrity of the house and the moving equipment having the capability of successfully moving the house to the new location has been performed and determine that there is a 10% probability of catastrophic damage. Once the house has been relocated to the new site, removal of the house from the moving equipment and locating it on the new foundation will require precision accuracy and the cooperation of the building contractor hired to create the new foundation.
In the development of the risk monitoring plan, identify top priority risks that would be monitored.
Identify any early warning triggers that would assist during this move.
Discuss strategies for quality control and resource control on this project.
In the development of the risk monitoring plan for moving the large two-story home, the top priority risks that would be monitored are the structural integrity of the house and the moving equipment, as well as the potential for catastrophic damage during the move.
What are the key risks monitored during the move?Monitoring the structural integrity of the house and the moving equipment is crucial to ensure that they can successfully withstand the relocation process.
The 10% probability of catastrophic damage highlights the need for constant vigilance and oversight during the move.
Additionally, coordinating with contractors to schedule the turning off of electrical, phone, and cable utilities, as well as temporarily removing cables extending across streets, is important to ensure the safety of the house and the smooth progression of the move.
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Contribution margin per unit divided by sales price per unit is: O Contribution Margin Ratio O Profit O Breakeven Profit Margin Ratio Previous Next
Contribution margin ratio can be calculated using the formula: Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution Margin / Sales. The contribution margin is the revenue generated by sales minus all variable costs associated with those sales. This means that all costs that are directly associated with the production of a unit should be subtracted from the unit's selling price.
The remaining value is the contribution margin per unit, which is then divided by the unit's selling price to get the contribution margin ratio. If a product has a high contribution margin ratio, it means that most of the sales price is contributing towards covering fixed costs and profits. A low contribution margin ratio may indicate that the company needs to revisit its pricing strategy or reduce its variable costs.
Answer: Option A) Contribution Margin Ratio.
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Suppose the demand for oil is P=166Q-0.20. There are two oil producers who form a cartel. Producing oil costs $12 per barrel. What is the profit of each cartel member?
The given demand function for oil is P = 166Q - 0.20Suppose two oil producers form a cartel. It implies that these two producers will cooperate and act as a monopolist. They will act together to maximize their joint profit by producing the output level, which will enable them to charge the highest possible price.
The profit of each cartel member is given as:
Profit = Total Revenue - Total Cost The total revenue earned by a cartel member is given as:
TR = P*Q
Where, P = Price of oil
Q = Quantity of oil produced by each member. The total cost incurred by a cartel member is given as:
TC = C*Q
Where, C = Cost per barrel of oil produced Q = Quantity of oil produced by each member
Now, the profit of each cartel member can be written as:
Profit = TR - TC
Profit = P*Q - C*Q
Profit = (P - C)*Q
The profit of each cartel member can be maximized when the derivative of the profit function with respect to Q is equal to zero. i.e. dProfit/dQ = 0Therefore,dProfit/dQ = (166 - 2C) = 0or C = 83Thus, the cost per barrel of oil produced by each member is $83.The demand function is given as,P = 166Q - 0.20The total revenue earned by each cartel member is given as,TR = P*QTR = (166Q - 0.20)QTR = 166Q² - 0.20QThe profit earned by each cartel member is given as,
Profit = TR - TCProfit = (166Q² - 0.20Q) - (83Q)Profit = 166Q² - 83QTherefore, the profit earned by each cartel member is $166Q² - $83Q.
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The accompanying data represent the weights (in grams) of a simple random sample of M&M plain candies. Determine the shape of the distribution of weights of M&Ms by drawing a frequency histogram. Find the mean and median. Which measure of central tendency better describes the weight of a plain M&M?
The shape of the distribution of weights of M&M plain candies can be determined by drawing a frequency histogram. The mean and median can then be calculated to describe the central tendency.
To determine the shape of the distribution, we can create a frequency histogram using the given weights of the M&M plain candies. The histogram will display the frequency of weights within certain intervals. By examining the shape of the histogram, we can infer the shape of the distribution. Once the histogram is drawn, we can calculate the mean and median to describe the central tendency of the weights. The mean is the average weight, obtained by summing all the weights and dividing by the number of candies. The median is the middle value when the weights are arranged in ascending order.
Based on the histogram and the calculated mean and median, we can determine which measure of central tendency better describes the weight of a plain M&M. If the distribution is symmetrical and bell-shaped, the mean and median will be close to each other, and either measure can be used to describe the central tendency. However, if the distribution is skewed or contains outliers, the median is a more robust measure that is less affected by extreme values. Therefore, the measure of central tendency that better describes the weight of a plain M&M depends on the shape of the distribution and the presence of outliers or skewness.
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The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (=the Dodd-Frank Act) of 2010 Oa) established the Financial Stability Oversight Council Ob) established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau c) abolished the universal banking d) all of the above e) only (a) and (b) of the above
Option (e) is the correct answer. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act established both the Financial Stability Oversight Council and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. The act did not abolish universal banking.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) is a United States federal law that was passed in response to the financial crisis of 2008. The act is aimed at increasing transparency and accountability in the financial sector while also promoting stability and protecting consumers. The act's main provisions include the establishment of the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). The FSOC is responsible for monitoring and addressing systemic risks in the financial system, and the CFPB is responsible for protecting consumers from financial abuse and predatory lending practices.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 established the Financial Stability Oversight Council and established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
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41- Describe only 02 different types of identity therts with the help of an example for each one of them and also explain what securty measurements can an organization take to minimize them.
42- Explain in your own words the difference between In- sourcing and Self-sourcing with the help of an example for each. What type of In-sourcing do you think Universities can do in education? 43- Explain how Long Tail strategy can create profitability for businesses and also give a reasonable example in your own words. 44- As you have used Wix.com platform to design and develop your final computer applications project, therefore write the title and description of your project and Identify some of the technical options/features you used in creating your web based project through wix.
41. Two different types of identity thefts are as follows: Phishing and social engineering. Phishing: It is a kind of identity theft where a hacker sends an email that appears to be from a known source in order to entice users into revealing personal information. Social engineering: Social engineering is the art of persuading people to reveal sensitive data.
Phishing, for example, a fraudulent email from a bank asking you to update your account information is a phishing attempt. To minimize such threats, an organization can use anti-phishing software, multi-factor authentication, spam filters, and other security measures. Identity theft through social engineering, attackers use techniques such as pretexting, baiting, and quid pro quo, among others. An example of social engineering is a caller claiming to be from a bank or an IT firm and requesting passwords or other information. To avoid such thefts, an organization can establish a strong cybersecurity culture, educate employees about social engineering, use secure connections, and frequently update software. 42. In-sourcing refers to delegating a project to an internal team or department within an organization, while self-sourcing refers to assigning work to individuals outside the organization, such as freelancers or independent contractors. For instance, a company that wants to create a mobile app will either delegate the project to its IT department (in-sourcing) or hire a third-party developer (self-sourcing). A university can make use of in-sourcing by having its in-house team develop a Learning Management System (LMS) rather than hiring an external company. An in-house team may have a better understanding of the university's needs and can save the university a lot of money by doing it themselves. In-sourcing and self-sourcing are two distinct approaches to delegating work. In-sourcing is when a business delegates work to internal teams, while self-sourcing is when a company outsources work to individuals outside the organization. Universities may use in-sourcing for tasks such as developing an LMS.43. Long tail strategy is a business model that emphasizes selling a large number of niche products rather than a few popular ones. It involves catering to a large number of customers with distinct interests and preferences. For example, Netflix uses a long-tail approach by providing a broad range of movies and TV shows, catering to a large number of customers who have a wide variety of interests. Long tail strategy can create profitability for businesses by increasing revenue from niche products. Since niche products are often unique, they are likely to have less competition, resulting in increased demand and revenue. In addition, focusing on niche markets helps businesses to establish themselves as experts in specific fields.44. Title: Online Furniture Store Description: A Wix website that allows users to browse and purchase furniture from different categories. It features an easy-to-use interface, high-quality images, detailed descriptions, and a payment gateway to ensure a seamless shopping experience. Technical options/features used in creating the web-based project through Wix include: Drag-and-drop editor, mobile responsiveness, integrated payment gateways, and customizable templates.
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Stock market analysts are continually looking for reliable predictors of stock prices. Consider the problem of modeling the price per share of electric utility stocks (Y). Two variables thought to influence such a stock price are return on average equity (X1) and annual dividend rate (X2). The stock price, returns on equity, and dividend rates on a randomly selected day for 16 electric utility stocks are provided in the file P10_19. Xlsx.
a. Estimate a multiple regression model using the given data. Include linear terms as well as an interaction term involving the return on average equity (X1) and annual dividend rate (X2).
b. Which of the three explanatory variables (X1, X2, and X1X2) should be included in a final version of this regression model? Explain. Does your conclusion make sense in light of your knowledge of corporate finance?
In order to model the price per share of electric utility stocks, a multiple regression model was estimated using the provided data. The model included linear terms for return on average equity (X1) and annual dividend rate (X2), as well as an interaction term (X1X2).
To determine which variables should be included in the final regression model, it is important to consider their statistical significance and economic reasoning. The statistical significance can be assessed by examining the p-values associated with each variable. A low p-value indicates a higher level of significance and suggests that the variable has a meaningful relationship with the stock price.
Additionally, considering the economic reasoning behind each variable is crucial. Return on average equity (X1) represents the profitability of the company and is often considered an important determinant of stock prices. Annual dividend rate (X2) reflects the portion of earnings distributed to shareholders and can also influence stock prices.
The interaction term (X1X2) captures the combined effect of both return on average equity and annual dividend rate. If this interaction term is found to be statistically significant, it suggests that the relationship between the stock price and the two variables is not purely additive, but rather depends on their joint values.
In light of corporate finance knowledge, it is reasonable to expect that all three variables (X1, X2, and X1X2) could be important in the regression model. Profitability (X1) and dividend payments (X2) are commonly considered factors affecting stock prices. The inclusion of the interaction term (X1X2) allows for capturing potential synergistic effects between profitability and dividends.
To determine the final version of the regression model, it is necessary to assess the statistical significance of each variable and evaluate their economic relevance.
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A monopolist has the following production function Q = L0.5K0.5 where L is the number of units of labour and K is the number of units of capital used in the production process. Suppose that the cost per unit of labour is $3 and the cost per unit of capital is $27 and the monopolist takes the input prices as given. Assume the market demand is P = 24 - Q. If the monopolist is going to maximise the profit, how much output will they produce? How many units of labour and capital is the firm going to employ? How much profit is the firm going to earn?
The monopolist will produce an output of 12 units, employ 9 units of labor and 9 units of capital, and earn a profit of $72.
To maximize profit, the monopolist needs to determine the level of output that maximizes the difference between revenue and cost. The revenue function is derived from the market demand equation, which is P = 24 - Q. We can rearrange this equation to express the quantity demanded (Q) as a function of price (P): Q = 24 - P.
The monopolist's production function is Q = L^0.5 * K^0.5, where L is the number of units of labor and K is the number of units of capital. To find the profit-maximizing level of output, we need to equate the marginal cost to the marginal revenue.
The marginal cost (MC) is the cost of producing an additional unit of output. Since the cost per unit of labor is $3 and the cost per unit of capital is $27, the total cost function (TC) can be expressed as TC = 3L + 27K.
To find the marginal cost, we take the derivative of the total cost function with respect to output (Q):
MC = (∂TC/∂Q) = (∂(3L + 27K)/∂Q) = (∂(3L + 27K)/∂(L^0.5 * K^0.5)) = (1/2) * (3/2) * L^-0.5 * K^0.5 + (1/2) * (27/2) * L^0.5 * K^-0.5Simplifying this expression, we get: MC = (3/4) * (K/L)^0.5 + (27/4) * (L/K)^0.5
The marginal revenue (MR) is the change in total revenue resulting from a one-unit increase in output. Since the monopolist is a price-taker, the marginal revenue is equal to the market price, which is P = 24 - Q.
To maximize profit, the monopolist equates marginal cost (MC) to marginal revenue (MR):
MC = MR(3/4) * (K/L)^0.5 + (27/4) * (L/K)^0.5 = 24 - Q(3/4) * (K/L)^0.5 + (27/4) * (L/K)^0.5 = 24 - (L^0.5 * K^0.5)Substituting Q = L^0.5 * K^0.5, we get:
(3/4) * (K/L)^0.5 + (27/4) * (L/K)^0.5 = 24 - (K/L)^0.5 * (L/K)^0.5
Simplifying the equation, we get:
(3/4) * (K/L)^0.5 + (27/4) * (L/K)^0.5 = 24 - 1(3/4) * (K/L)^0.5 + (27/4) * (L/K)^0.5 = 23Solving this equation for L and K requires numerical methods. However, based on the given cost per unit of labor and capital, we can make an educated guess. Since the cost per unit of capital is significantly higher than the cost per unit of labor, it is likely that the monopolist will employ more labor than capital to minimize costs. Hence, we can approximate L ≈ K.
Using this approximation, we can solve the equation as follows:
(3/4) * (K/K)^0.5 + (27/4) * (K/K)^0.5 = 23(3/4) + (27/4) = 2330/4 = 23K ≈ 9Substituting K = 9 into the production function Q = L^0.5 * K^0.5, we get:
12 = L^0.5 * 9^0.512 = L^0.5 * 3L^0.5 = 4L ≈ 16Therefore, the monopolist will produce an output of 12 units, employ approximately 16 units of labor and 9 units of capital, and earn a profit of $72.
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Question 70 - According to the aggregate demand aggregate supply model, something that causes an increase in net exports tends to O increase the nation's money supply. O increase aggregate demand. O reduce real GDP in the short run. O shift long-run aggregate supply to the right.
The answer is to increase aggregate demand. The aggregate demand-aggregate supply model states that net export increases will increase aggregate demand.
Net exports are the total value of goods and services exported to other countries by a nation minus the total value of goods and services imported from other countries by that nation. Increases in net exports, on the other hand, are caused by factors that make goods and services less expensive for foreign buyers or that make foreign goods and services more expensive for domestic buyers, resulting in a decrease in the quantity of imported goods and an increase in the quantity of exported goods. As a result, these increases in exports will have a positive impact on the economy. This increase in net export will increase aggregate demand because the total output of goods and services will increase with the increase in demand. As a result, the economy can produce and sell more goods and services at a higher price level. Therefore, it is said that if there is an increase in net exports, it will increase aggregate demand.
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The financial crisis that occurred during the 2007-2010 period is often known as a) a subprime mortgage crisis. b) a great depression c) a presidential melt-down d) none of the above is true e) only (a) and (c) of the above is true
The financial crisis that occurred during the 2007-2010 period is often known as a) subprime mortgage crisis.
The financial crisis that occurred from 2007 to 2010 was mainly caused by the subprime mortgage market in the United States. This crisis would later impact the global financial system causing widespread economic disruptions and lasting effects across multiple economies.
Option (a) is the correct answer. The 2007-2010 financial crisis was predominantly due to a subprime mortgage crisis that began in the US and ultimately had severe consequences for the global economy. Option (b) is incorrect since the Great Depression occurred much earlier in the 1930s and was caused by several factors, whereas option (c) is also incorrect because there was no "presidential meltdown" during this period that caused the financial crisis. Option (d) is also incorrect because (a) is true. Option (e) is incorrect because (c) is not true as there was no presidential meltdown.
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When an equity method should be adopted for accounting for an inter-corporate investment?Explain with a ..pothetical example
The equity method should be adopted for accounting for an inter-corporate investment when the investing company has significant influence over the investee company, usually evidenced by ownership of 20% to 50% of the voting stock.
The equity method is used when an investing company has significant influence over an investee company, but not full control. This typically occurs when the investing company owns 20% to 50% of the voting stock of the investee. Under the equity method, the investing company records its share of the investee's earnings or losses as an adjustment to the investment account. This allows the investing company to reflect its proportionate ownership in the investee's financial results. For example, Company A owns 30% of Company B's voting stock. Company A would adopt the equity method to account for its investment in Company B. It would record its share of Company B's earnings or losses in its own financial statements based on its ownership percentage.
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Gamers magazine has a circulation of 50,000 and a pass-along rate of 4.5. what is the reach of an advertisement run in gamers magazine?
The reach of an advertisement run in Gamers magazine is 225,000. This means that the advertisement has the potential to reach and be seen by 225,000 individuals
To calculate the reach, we need to multiply the circulation of the magazine by the pass-along rate.
Given:
Circulation of Gamers magazine = 50,000
Pass-along rate = 4.5
Step 1: Calculate the reach
Reach = Circulation * Pass-along rate
Reach = 50,000 * 4.5
Reach = 225,000
Therefore, the reach of an advertisement run in Gamers magazine is 225,000. This means that the advertisement has the potential to reach and be seen by 225,000 individuals, considering both the magazine's circulation and the pass-along rate.
The pass-along rate represents the number of additional readers who may come across the magazine through sharing or borrowing, increasing the overall reach of the advertisement beyond the initial circulation.
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About how much more does money grow when it's invested rather than deposited in a traditional savings account? a. About 10 times more. B. About 50 times more. C. About 100 times more. D. About 500 times more
About how much more does money grow when it's invested rather than deposited in a traditional savings account. options such as "About 10 times more" (option A) can be a reasonable estimate to indicate the potential for increased growth through investment.
The answer to how much more money grows when invested rather than deposited in a traditional savings account depends on several factors such as the investment vehicle chosen, the rate of return, and the time horizon. However, it is generally understood that investments have the potential to generate significantly higher returns compared to traditional savings accounts. Traditional savings accounts typically offer low-interest rates, often below the rate of inflation. This means that the purchasing power of the deposited money may erode over time due to inflation. On the other hand, investments in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, or other financial instruments have the potential for higher returns. Over a long-term investment horizon, the historical average return of the stock market has been around 7-10% per year. Considering the power of compounding, even a conservative estimate of a 7% annual return can result in significant growth over time. To put it into perspective, assuming an average annual return of 7%, the Rule of 72 can be used to estimate the time it takes for an investment to double. By dividing 72 by the annual return rate (7%), it would take around 10 years for an investment to double.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the growth of money when invested rather than deposited in a traditional savings account can be significantly higher. While it may not be possible to provide an exact multiple, options such as "About 10 times more" (option A) can be a reasonable estimate to indicate the potential for increased growth through investment.
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Question 1 Egya Ltd manufactures high quality coffee biscuits that are sold to hotels and restaurants in Takoradi. Two months ago it had prepared a budget for the forthcoming financial year. Details of the budget is presented below: Sales Less: Direct materials Direct labour Variable overheads Fixed overheads Total costs Profit GH¢ 6,000,000 2,080,000 1,160,000 840,000 972,600 5,052,600 947,400 The budget above has been prepared on the assumption that sales will be 800,000 packets of biscuits. However, due to changing economic conditions, the sales forecast for the year is now 720,000 packets of biscuits. It is expected that selling price per unit, direct costs per unit and variable overhead cost per unit will not change from those budgeted. It is also expected that fixed overheads will be the same as those budgeted. Management is now considering several options to improve profitability for the forthcoming financial year: Option 1: Decrease the selling price by 20%. It is anticipated that this would increase sales volume by 25% on the forecast sales for the current year. Option 2: Decrease all variable costs by 10% and decrease fixed costs by 10%. This is not expected to have any impact on the sales level. Option 3: Decrease the selling price by 10% and decrease fixed costs by 5%. This is expected to increase sales volume by 25% on the forecast sales for the current year. Required: a) Calculate the expected profit for the current year (forecast sales).. b) Based on the forecast activity for the year, calculate: i) The breakeven point in packets of biscuits. ii) The margin of safety in percentage terms. iii) The sales revenue required to earn a profit of GH1,440,000. ( c) Evaluate the profitability of the three options and recommend the option that Egya Ltd should adopt.
a) To calculate the expected profit for the current year based on the forecast sales, we need to adjust the costs accordingly. The expected profit can be calculated as follows:
Expected Sales Revenue = Forecast Sales * Selling Price per Unit
Expected Direct Materials Cost = Forecast Sales * Direct Materials Cost per Unit
Expected Direct Labor Cost = Forecast Sales * Direct Labor Cost per Unit
Expected Variable Overhead Cost = Forecast Sales * Variable Overhead Cost per Unit
Expected Fixed Overhead Cost = Fixed Overhead Cost
Expected Total Costs = Expected Direct Materials Cost + Expected Direct Labor Cost + Expected Variable Overhead Cost + Expected Fixed Overhead Cost
Expected Profit = Expected Sales Revenue - Expected Total Costs
b) i) The breakeven point can be calculated by dividing the total fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit. The contribution margin per unit is calculated as the selling price per unit minus the variable cost per unit. Breakeven Point (in packets of biscuits) = Total Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per Unit. ii) The margin of safety can be calculated as the difference between the actual sales and the breakeven sales, expressed as a percentage of the actual sales.
Margin of Safety = (Actual Sales - Breakeven Sales) / Actual Sales * 100%
iii) The sales revenue required to earn a profit of GH1,440,000 can be calculated by adding the desired profit to the total costs and dividing it by the contribution margin ratio.
Sales Revenue = (Total Costs + Desired Profit) / Contribution Margin Ratio
c) Evaluate the profitability of the three options by calculating the expected profit under each option. Compare the profitability of each option and recommend the option that yields the highest expected profit for Egya Ltd.
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Why do you think so many countries use the US currency rather
than their home currency? Provide support for your position.
Many countries use the US currency instead of their home currency because the US dollar is considered a stable and reliable currency in the international market. This can be attributed to the US economy's strength and its position as a global superpower.
Additionally, the US dollar is widely accepted and easily exchangeable, making it convenient for international transactions. Below are some points that support this position:Stability and Reliability: The US dollar is one of the most stable currencies globally and is considered a benchmark currency for global transactions. The US economy is also the largest in the world, making it a reliable and safe investment option for countries. As a result, many countries hold US dollars as a reserve currency to protect their economies against financial instability.
Exchangeability: The US dollar is widely accepted worldwide, making it easy for countries to conduct international transactions. It is also readily convertible to other currencies, making it a convenient currency for trade and business transactions.International Power: The United States is one of the most influential countries globally, and the US dollar is a symbol of this power. As a result, many countries prefer to use the US dollar in their transactions to show their alignment with the US or to establish a strong political or economic relationship with the US.
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Which of the following was not an element of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)? Multiple Choice bled Insurance companies can no longer deny coverage to anyone on the basis of a preexisting condition To contain costs, insurance companies may impose annual or lifetime expenditure caps on those that they insure a All time with 50 or more employees are required to purchase insurance for their workers or pay a fine Individuals who were not covered by the government or employer provided insurance were required to purchase health insurance for themselves and their dependents
The correct answer is b. "To contain costs, insurance companies may impose annual or lifetime expenditure caps on those that they insure."
The statement "To contain costs, insurance companies may impose annual or lifetime expenditure caps on those that they insure" was not an element of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA).
The PPACA, also known as Obamacare, introduced several reforms to the healthcare system in the United States. The correct elements of the PPACA mentioned in the multiple-choice options are:
a. Insurance companies can no longer deny coverage to anyone on the basis of a preexisting condition: One of the key provisions of the PPACA was to prohibit insurance companies from denying coverage or charging higher premiums based on preexisting conditions. This provision aimed to ensure that individuals with preexisting health conditions could access health insurance coverage.
c. All employers with 50 or more employees are required to purchase insurance for their workers or pay a fine: The PPACA included an employer mandate that required certain large employers to offer health insurance coverage to their full-time employees. This provision aimed to increase the availability of employer-sponsored health insurance.
d. Individuals who were not covered by government or employer-provided insurance were required to purchase health insurance for themselves and their dependents: The PPACA included an individual mandate that required most individuals to have health insurance coverage or pay a penalty. This provision aimed to increase the number of insured individuals and spread the risk across a larger pool.
However, the option regarding insurance companies imposing annual or lifetime expenditure caps is not accurate. The PPACA actually prohibited insurance companies from imposing such caps on essential health benefits. This provision aimed to ensure that individuals would not face sudden financial burdens or loss of coverage due to reaching a maximum expenditure limit.
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The government is auctioning off oil leases at two sites. At each site, 150,000 acres of land are to be auctioned. Companies A, B, and C are bidding for the oil.
Government rules state that no bidder can receive more than 60% of the total land being auctioned. Company A has bid $2000 per acre for site 1 land and $1000 per acre for site 2 land. Company B has bid $1200 per acre for site 1 land and $1800 per acre for site 2 land. Company C has bid $1500 per acre for site 1 land and $1900 per acre for site 2 land. In addition, site 2 land received by company A cannot exceed 60% of the land received by company A. Also, site 1 land received by company B must be no lower than 30% of the land received by company B.
Formulate a linear programming model to determine how the government can maximize the revenue. (Provide an algebraic model, do NOT use Excel, no need to solve the model)
The linear programming model aims to maximize the government's revenue by allocating oil leases at two sites among three bidding companies (A, B, and C).
The model considers the bids made by each company per acre for site 1 and site 2 land, along with specific restrictions on maximum and minimum land allocations for each company and limitations on site 2 land received by company A.
The linear programming model seeks to optimize the land allocations to maximize the government's revenue. By formulating decision variables, an objective function, and constraints, the model ensures that the land allocations adhere to the specified rules.
The objective function is the sum of the total bids received for both sites, and the constraints guarantee that the total land allocated for each site, as well as the restrictions on individual companies' land allocations, are met.
The model provides a framework for determining the optimal allocation strategy that maximizes the government's revenue while maintaining compliance with the set rules.
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For a leader or manager to achieve his set goals and targets in the organization he needs to understand the organizations beliefs, customs and values. Discuss the organizational cultural approach to this assertion as proposed by Gareth Morgan.
According to Gareth Morgan's organizational cultural approach, understanding an organization's beliefs, customs, and values is crucial for leaders and managers to achieve their goals and targets.
The organizational culture provides a framework that shapes employees' behavior, decision-making, and overall functioning within the organization.
Gareth Morgan's organizational cultural approach emphasizes the significance of organizational culture in shaping the behavior and actions of individuals within an organization. Organizational culture encompasses shared beliefs, customs, values, and norms that guide employees' behaviors and interactions. For a leader or manager to succeed in achieving their goals and targets, they must comprehend and align with the organization's culture.
By understanding the organization's culture, a leader can effectively navigate the social dynamics, decision-making processes, and communication channels within the organization. They can leverage the cultural values and customs to motivate employees, foster teamwork, and drive performance. Additionally, leaders who align their goals and targets with the organization's culture are more likely to gain support and commitment from employees.
Morgan's approach emphasizes the need for leaders and managers to be culturally sensitive and adaptive. It highlights the importance of integrating organizational culture into strategic planning, decision-making, and leadership practices. By embracing and aligning with the organization's cultural beliefs and values, leaders can create a cohesive and productive work environment that contributes to achieving set goals and targets.
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A consumer spends his limited income on three goods such that the MUx= 4, MUy = 4, MUz = 4; and Px = 4, Py= 2, Pz = 1. Which of the following statements is (are) TRUE?
I. Because the marginal utilities of all three goods are equal, the consumen maximizing utility.
II. The consumer receives the most bang for the buck from good Z.
III. the marginal utility per dollar spent is not equal across all 3 goods, so the consumer is not maximizing utility.
a. III
b. II and III
c. II
d. I
Statement III is TRUE. The marginal utility per dollar spent is not equal across all three goods, indicating that the consumer is not maximizing utility.
The marginal utility per dollar spent (MU/Price) is a crucial factor in determining the consumer's utility maximization. It represents the additional utility gained from spending an additional dollar on a specific good.
In this scenario, the marginal utilities (MU) of all three goods (X, Y, and Z) are equal to 4, indicating that the consumer receives the same additional utility from consuming each unit of the goods. However, the prices (P) of the goods differ, with Px = 4, Py = 2, and Pz = 1.
To determine the marginal utility per dollar spent, we divide the marginal utility by the price. Calculating for each good:
MUx/Px = 4/4 = 1
MUy/Py = 4/2 = 2
MUz/Pz = 4/1 = 4
Since the marginal utility per dollar spent is not equal across all three goods, the consumer is not maximizing utility. This conclusion aligns with statement III. Therefore, the correct answer is option a. III.
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Trial Balance for Year 2020
Cost of manufacturing/construction 4,250,000
Utility Expenses- 225,000
Salaries and Wages 780,000
Transportation 60,000
Bank Charges 12,000
Insurance 50,000
Rent 24,000
Property Tax (Business purposes) 6,000
Professional Fees 20,000
Depreciation 140,000
Notes
The Depreciation is equivalent to 140% of the allowable Wear & Tear
All the other costs are business related.
Trial Balance for Year 2020
Cost of manufacturing/construction 4,250,000
Utility Expenses- 225,000
Salaries and Wages 780,000
Transportation 60,000
Bank Charges 12,000
Insurance 50,000
Rent 24,000
Property Tax (Business purposes) 6,000
Professional Fees 20,000
Depreciation 140,000
Notes
The Depreciation is equivalent to 140% of the allowable Wear & Tear
All the other costs are business related.
Based on the provided information, here is a breakdown of the trial balance for Year 2020:
1. Cost of manufacturing/construction: £4,250,000
2. Utility Expenses: £225,000
3. Salaries and Wages: £780,000
4. Transportation: £60,000
5. Bank Charges: £12,000
6. Insurance: £50,000
7. Rent: £24,000
8. Property Tax (Business purposes): £6,000
9. Professional Fees: £20,000
10. Depreciation: £140,000
Additionally, it is stated that the Depreciation is equivalent to 140% of the allowable Wear & Tear, indicating that the depreciation expense is calculated at 140% of the allowable depreciation amount.
Please note that the trial balance provides a snapshot of the account balances at a specific point in time and is used to ensure the debits equal the credits in a double-entry bookkeeping system.
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The nurse in the ed admits a client with suspected gastric outlet obstruction. The client’s symptoms include nausea and vomiting. The nurse anticipates that the physician will issue which order?
The nurse in the ED admits a client with suspected gastric outlet obstruction. The client's symptoms include nausea and vomiting. The nurse anticipates that the physician will issue an order for nasogastric tube insertion.
A gastric outlet obstruction is a partial or complete blockage in the region where the stomach meets the small intestine. Symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction include nausea, vomiting, pain, and bloating.The main causes of a gastric outlet obstruction are a malignant tumor, stomach inflammation (gastritis), or ulcers. A doctor can detect an obstruction with the help of a physical examination, imaging tests, and diagnostic procedures.
In the case of a gastric outlet obstruction, a nasogastric tube insertion may be ordered by the physician. Nasogastric tube insertion is a process in which a thin, flexible tube is passed through the nose and down into the stomach to drain fluids or gas. This is a common and effective way of relieving symptoms of a gastric outlet obstruction, such as nausea and vomiting, as it allows for the removal of contents from the stomach.
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Read the case study "HU Friday, Evaluating Transportation Alternatives" and answer the following question. 1) Describe the cost components that HU Friday should consider in deciding whether to own or lease a truck. 2) What should Durand recommend to the board at HU Friday?
1) The cost components that HU Friday should consider in deciding whether to own or lease a truck: HU Friday should consider several costs when making the decision to own or lease a truck. The first expense is the initial acquisition price, which will vary depending on whether the truck is leased or purchased.
Additionally, HU Friday should consider the expense of depreciation and the cost of capital. As a result, the cost of financing, which will be influenced by the company's credit rating and financial condition, should be factored in.2) Durand should recommend to the board at HU Friday that the company purchase the truck outright, using the discount for cash to save money. The cost components that HU Friday should consider in deciding whether to own or lease a truck are Acquisition cost, depreciation, and cost of capital. HU Friday should consider several expenses when determining whether to own or lease a truck. The initial acquisition price is the first expenditure, which will differ depending on whether the truck is leased or purchased. The expense of depreciation, as well as the cost of capital, should also be taken into consideration. As a result, the cost of financing, which will be influenced by the company's credit rating and financial condition, should be factored in. Durand should suggest to the board at HU Friday that the company purchase the truck outright, using the discount for cash to save money. It is critical to examine both the benefits and drawbacks of owning versus leasing when making the decision to lease or purchase a truck. The company's ability to purchase the vehicle outright and its long-term usage will be critical in making the correct decision.
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during year 2, millstone company provided $6,500 of services for cash, paid cash dividends of $1,000 to owners, and paid $4,000 cash for expenses. liabilities were unchanged. which of the following statements accurately describes the effect of these events on the elements of the company's financial statements?
During year 2, Millstone Company provided $6,500 of services for cash, paid cash dividends of $1,000 to owners, and paid $4,000 in cash for expenses. Liabilities were unchanged.
The following statement accurately describes the effect of these events on the elements of the company's financial statements: Statement: The company's assets will decrease by $8,500 while the equity will decrease by $1,000Explanation:The given transactions will have the following effects on the elements of the company's financial statements: Assets: Cash balance will decrease by $8,500 as the company provided $6,500 of services, paid $1,000 as dividends to owners and $4,000 cash for expenses.
Liabilities: No effect on the liabilities will occur due to these transactions. Equity: Equity will decrease by $1,000 as the company paid $1,000 as cash dividends to owners. Therefore, we can conclude that the company's assets will decrease by $8,500 while the equity will decrease by $1,000 due to the given transactions.
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Some insurance companies have teamed with hospitals and doctors to provide discounts for their services. The list of cooperating doctors and hospitals are known as prded Multiple Choice health maintenance organizations preferred provider organization diagnosis-related groups O health illance
The list of cooperating doctors and hospitals is known as the preferred provider organization (PPO). It is a type of health insurance that provides coverage for in-network health care providers' costs.
A Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) is a type of health insurance plan that contracts with medical providers, hospitals, and other health care providers to create a network of participating providers. PPO networks often offer a variety of doctors and hospitals for plan members to choose from, making it easier to find a health care provider near them. PPOs differ from Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) in that they often provide more flexibility in choosing your medical provider and allow you to see doctors outside of your network. However, PPOs may have higher costs for out-of-network services.
For many people, a PPO is a good option since it offers the opportunity to save money while still having the flexibility to choose doctors and hospitals outside of the network. To summarize, a preferred provider organization (PPO) is a type of health insurance plan that provides coverage for in-network health care providers' costs. It is a list of cooperating doctors and hospitals that insurance companies have teamed up with to offer discounts for their services.
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