Fogel calculated the social savings from the railways and came to the conclusion that the railroads could only account for a tiny portion of the increase in real income in the US.
What does "social savings" entail in reality?Accounting practices have evolved to take societal savings into account in order to evaluate the historical implications of new technologies on economic growth.
As opposed to this, Fogel argued that if the railroads had been even slightly less expensive than the earlier modes of transportation and had been a perfect substitute for them, they would have gained widespread adoption while still providing society with only marginal benefits. Lebergott took this line of thinking to its logical conclusion by arguing that if both modes of transportation remained and competed, neither could provide lower overall prices to the consumer, and as a result, the society savings must not only be limited but also nonexistent.
Only if the two modes of transportation can be utilized interchangeably is this argument legitimate, which is a rather big assertion. Even if the extreme case is disregarded, Fogel's basic claim—that the railroad's broad use does not demonstrate its importance to the economy—remains true. While assessing the relevance of railroads, it is important to take into account both the extent to which costs have dropped as a consequence of their construction and the use to which they were put. This highlights the need for a strategy like social savings that takes into account both the amount of traffic the trains manage and the evolution of costs.
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key elements of the scientific management philosophy include all of the following except
Key elements of the scientific management philosophy include all of the following except Expanding the nature of tasks performed by employees to add more variety to the job.
The correct option is E.
The scientific management philosophy is a management theory that was developed in the late 19th century by Frederick Winslow Taylor. It is based on the idea of improving efficiency and productivity through the use of scientific methods.
The key elements of the scientific management philosophy are to maximize efficiency, establish scientific methods of work, provide incentives to workers, and to reduce the amount of time and effort required to perform a job. These elements are designed to create a more efficient and productive workplace.
However, the scientific management philosophy does not include expanding the nature of tasks performed by employees to add more variety to the job. This element is not part of the scientific management philosophy and is instead a form of job enrichment. Job enrichment involves increasing the complexity and variety of tasks to make a job more interesting and challenging for employees.
The correct option is E.
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The Question is-
Key elements of the scientific management philosophy include all of the following except
A. Maximizing efficiency
B. Increasing wages
C. Establishing scientific methods of work
D. Providing incentives to workers
E. Expanding the nature of tasks performed by employees to add more variety to the job.
True or false the right to vote is known as suffrage.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
a. True
''Suffrage. The right to vote; also called franchise.'' - Quizlet POS 2041 - Ch. 8 Study Guide
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
___ argued that "Inner psychophysics [which] would go beyond the physics and physiology of stimuli, to the mind's interpretation of sensation"
The person who argued that "Inner psychophysics [which] would go beyond the physics and physiology of stimuli, to the mind's interpretation of sensation" was Gustav Fechner.
Gustav Fechner was a German philosopher and physicist who is considered the founder of psychophysics, a field that studies the relationship between physical stimuli and subjective experience. Fechner believed that the mind was not simply a passive receiver of stimuli, but an active participant in the perception of the world, and that the subjective experience of sensations could be quantified and measured. He proposed the concept of the "just noticeable difference," which refers to the smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected by a person. Fechner's work had a significant impact on the development of psychology as a scientific discipline.
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The Principal Bird Deity of the Preclassic may be the animal
spirit pair of which "high god" of the Maya?
The Principal Bird Deity of the Preclassic Maya may be associated with the animal spirit pair of the "high god" of the Maya known as Itzamna.
The deity is often depicted as a bird, possibly an eagle or a macaw, and was an important figure in Maya mythology and religion.Itzamna was one of the most important deities in the Maya pantheon, and was associated with creation, writing, and the calendar. He was often depicted as an old man with a long nose and a large headdress, and was sometimes depicted with a bird perched on his head or shoulder. Itzamna was also sometimes associated with the sun, and was sometimes referred to as the "Sun-Eyed Lord.
"The connection between Itzamna and the Principal Bird Deity of the Preclassic Maya is based on similarities between their iconography and the fact that both were important deities in the Maya pantheon.
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what world war 2 films were considered to be the hardest hitting or most effective? film noir cartoons newsreels documentaries
There were several World War II films that were considered to be the hardest hitting or most effective. One of the most notable types of films were film noir productions such as "Double Indemnity" (1944) and "The Big Sleep" (1946), which depicted a sense of danger and uncertainty that was prevalent during the war years.
Additionally, there were several animated cartoons, such as "Der Fuehrer's Face" (1943), which used humor to address the seriousness of the war. Newsreels were also an important tool for keeping the public informed about the war effort, and many of these were widely seen as being both informative and impactful. Finally, there were several documentaries such as "The Battle of Midway" (1942) and "Why We Fight" (1942-1945) that were produced with the intent of educating audiences about the realities of the war, and these were often considered to be among the most effective films of the time.
Some of the hardest hitting and most effective World War 2 films include a combination of documentaries, newsreels, and feature films. A few examples are:
1. The documentary "Night and Fog" (1956) - a powerful portrayal of Nazi concentration camps.
2. The newsreels produced during the war provided firsthand accounts and were essential in informing the public about the ongoing events.
3. "Schindler's List" (1993) - a gripping feature film based on a true story, depicting the horrors of the Holocaust.
Film noir and cartoons, while not directly focused on World War 2, still had an impact on popular culture during that time, often addressing the anxieties and concerns of the era.
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early european inhabitants of pittsburgh were mostly farmers. in the late 1800s, pittsburgh became known as a center for manufacturing and steel factories. today, it has emerged as a center for medicine, education, technology, and banking. this progression is an example of
This progression is an example of economic diversification and urbanization. Pittsburgh from a center for farming to manufacturing and steel factories, and eventually to its current status as a center for medicine, education, technology, and banking.
What do you mean by Economic diversification?Economic diversification refers to the process of a region or city expanding its economic activities, moving from reliance on one or a few industries to a broader range of sectors.
In the case of Pittsburgh, it started with a focus on farming, shifted to manufacturing and steel factories in the late 1800s, and has now diversified into medicine, education, technology, and banking.
Urbanization is the process by which rural areas transform into urban centers with higher population density and more developed infrastructure. As Pittsburgh progressed through different stages of economic development, it became more urbanized, attracting more people and businesses to the area.
In summary, the progression of Pittsburgh from a farming community to a center for manufacturing and steel factories, and now to a hub for medicine, education, technology, and banking, is an example of economic diversification and urbanization.
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Complete question: Early european inhabitants of pittsburgh were mostly farmers. In the late 1800s, pittsburgh became known as a center for manufacturing and steel factories. Today, it has emerged as a center for medicine, education, technology, and banking. this progression is an example of _______ .
Which of the following represents the linear form of v?
What represents the linear form of v is V = 5i + 9j. Option C
How did we identify the linear form of V?To find the linear form of V, we can start by analyzing the detail of the around. We pick out the coordinates from where they started to where they end.
We can see that the first coordinate is (8, 10) and the last coordinate is at (3, 1)
Linear form of V should be calculated as: V = (8-3) i + (10-1)j
V = 5i + 9j
We take the coordinates of (x1 - x2)i + (y1 -y2)j
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Which group of Americans benefitted the least from the economic changes of the 1920s?a. Unionized manufacturing laborersb. Southern farmersc. Northern bankers d. Female educators
Southern farmers benefitted the least from the economic changes of the 1920s. Option B is the correct answer.
The history of the 1920s revolves heavily around money. Money started to flow through many, but not all, people's hands towards the beginning of the decade after a few lagging years. Up until those terrible few days near the end of 1929, the flow didn't stop, but rather kept going. The stock market fall and the beginning of the Great Depression came as a big surprise to practically everyone after the years of what seemed like unending prosperity. Option B is the correct answer.
Several astute observers had foreseen that the Roaring Twenties' euphoria would not continue and that some of the customs and beliefs that were prevalent during the decade may have disastrous results. Nevertheless, few people heeded the warning while the money was flowing. Option B is the correct answer.
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Question 4-Rise, Conquests and Downfall of Assyrians • How Assyrians organized their military- up to 2 points • What Assyrians did with conquered peoples- up to 3 points • How Assyrian "calculated cruelty" worked-up to 3 points • How Assyrian Empire was overthrown-up to 2 points
1. The Assyrians organized their military into a professional standing army, with soldiers receiving regular training and pay, and a hierarchy of officers in charge of different units.
2. The Assyrians were known for their brutal treatment of conquered peoples.
3. The Assyrian "calculated cruelty" was a form of psychological warfare that they used to intimidate their enemies.
4. The Assyrian Empire was eventually overthrown by a coalition of Babylonians, Medes, and Scythians.
The Assyrians organised their military into a professional standing army, with officials in control of various formations and men getting regular pay and training.
The brutality with which the Assyrians treated conquered peoples was well known. In order to quell uprisings, they frequently exiled entire people to distant areas of the empire.
To make their opponents more inclined to give up without a struggle, they frequently exaggerated their own brutality, such as by explaining in graphic detail how they would torture and execute prisoners.
A coalition of Babylonians, Medes, and Scythians eventually succeeded in overthrowing the Assyrian Empire in 612 BCE after a series of internal uprisings eroded their military and political strength.
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Where did the fall of a wall come to represent the end of the Cold War?
Explanation: Legvold and others said the fall of the Berlin Wall marked the end of the Cold War. “The institutional basis for the Cold War, so far as it was focused in Europe, disappeared because the Warsaw Pact, as the opposing alliance, military alliance, to NATO, was scrapped.
List 3 facts about how a person prepares to vote
The government is in charge of making sure that every qualified voter's name is included to the voter list. It is impossible for anyone to cast a vote for someone else since voters must carry Election Photo Identity Cards (EPIC) when they cast their ballots.
Government typically comprises of the legislature, executive branch, and judicial branch in the case of its broad associative definition. Government is a tool for deciding policy as well as a way to implement organizational policies. Many government have a sort of constitution that outlines their guiding ideals and philosophies.
Although all organizations are governed, the term "government" is typically used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 voter's autonomous national governments and subsidiary organizations.
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The Wilmot Proviso and the Free-Soil movement
- both proposed to restrict the expansion of slavery into new territories.
- contradicted each other with regard to expansion of slavery into new territories.
- recommended popular sovereignty to resolve the issue of slavery in new territories.
- supported secession in response to unwelcome mandates regarding slavery.
The Wilmot Proviso and the Free-Soil movement both proposed to restrict the expansion of slavery into new territories. They were both motivated by the desire to limit the spread of slavery into new states and territories, and they both sought to promote the interests of free labor and free soil in the West. While there were some differences between the two, such as tactics and strategies for achieving their goals, they were both fundamentally opposed to the expansion of slavery into new territories.
Answer:
both proposed to restrict the expansion of slavery into new territories.
Explanation:
The Wilmot Proviso was a proposed amendment to a bill in Congress in 1846 that aimed to prohibit slavery in any new territory acquired from Mexico during the Mexican-American War. The Free-Soil movement emerged in response to the Wilmot Proviso and supported the idea that slavery should not be allowed to expand into new territories.
Therefore, both the Wilmot Proviso and the Free-Soil movement proposed to restrict the expansion of slavery into new territories.
Can someone help me summarize the responses of the world with the holocaust one paragraph please
Answer:
The Holocaust was a genocide that resulted in the death of approximately six million Jews. The international community responded with shock and horror, leading to the establishment of the United Nations and the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Explanation:
1. How did the events and patterns that define Ancient Jewish history impact their cultural attitude, and how do the Biblical creation stories (remember the stories about creation in Genesis I and II are different tales) reflect that history and express the cultural attitude that emerged?
The events and patterns that define Ancient Jewish history significantly impacted their cultural attitudes, particularly in terms of their monotheistic beliefs and their emphasis on a covenantal relationship with God.
The Biblical creation stories in Genesis I and IIThe Biblical creation stories in Genesis I and II are different tales, but they both reflect this history and express the cultural attitudes that emerged from it.
In Genesis I, the story presents an orderly and hierarchical creation process, where God creates the world in six days and rests on the seventh day. This reflects the Ancient Jewish emphasis on the importance of the Sabbath and the belief in a single, omnipotent God who is responsible for the creation of the universe.
Genesis II, on the other hand, focuses on the creation of humanity, particularly the creation of Adam and Eve. This story highlights the unique relationship between God and humanity, reinforcing the idea of a covenant that binds the Jewish people to God. Additionally, the emphasis on the Garden of Eden in this story demonstrates the Ancient Jewish belief in the divine origin of morality and the importance of adhering to God's commandments.
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Music Dance and Art in West Africa
Music, dance, and art have been known to be very important parts of the cultures of many societies in West Africa.
How have Music, dance, and art been influential in West Africa ?West African music is distinguished by the use of percussion instruments such as the djembe, kora, and balafon, which are generally played in groups. Many West African groups utilize music to mark significant occasions such as weddings, burials, and festivities.
Dance is an essential component of West African culture, and it is frequently accompanied by music. West African art, like the region's cultural and spiritual traditions, is varied. Woodcarving, ceramics, weaving, and metalworking are examples of traditional arts.
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Which of these is a military factor that helped bring an end to the American Revolution?
A. George Washington's Leadership
B. Loans from France
C. Loans from Spain
D. Planning by General Cornwallis
Loans from France are one military component that assisted in ending the American Revolution.
What is American Revolution?13 of Britain's North American colonies rebelled against British imperial rule during the American Revolution, a protracted political and military conflict that lasted from 1765 to 1783. The British monarchy and Parliament's imposition of taxes without the consent of the colonies served as the catalyst for the protest's inception. The American Revolution was primarily sparked by four factors: the Taxation Acts, the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, and the Intolerable Acts. The military battle began with skirmishes between British soldiers and colonial militiamen in Lexington and Concord in April 1775, and by the following summer, the rebels were conducting a full-scale war for their freedom.To learn more about American Revolution, refer to:
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what is ""chicago"" about? why did carl sandburg write it? explain using textual evidence.
"Chicago" is a poem written by Carl Sandburg, which describes the city of Chicago and its people. Sandburg wrote this poem to celebrate the city's spirit and its industrial prowess. The poem captures the essence of the city's energy, resilience, and tenacity.
What is the plot of "Chicago"?Sandburg begins the poem with a bold statement, "Hog Butcher for the World, Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat." This line is an allusion to the city's industrial might and the diverse range of jobs its citizens hold. He goes on to describe the city's physical features, "stormy, husky, brawling" and "city of the big shoulders." These descriptions portray the city as rough, tough, and hardworking.
Sandburg also highlights the challenges faced by the city, "I saw the gunmen, singly and in pairs, going into the doors of dark hallways" and "And they tell me you are crooked and I answer: Yes, it is true I have seen the gunman kill and go free to kill again." These lines suggest that Chicago is not a perfect city, but it is a place where people fight for survival, face challenges head-on, and continue to push forward despite setbacks.
Overall, Sandburg wrote "Chicago" to capture the essence of the city and its people. The poem celebrates Chicago's strengths and acknowledges its flaws, making it an accurate and honest portrayal of the city.
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How can the historical and current experiences of South African women be captured in today's popular knowledge and why is this important?
Answer: Women's role was primarily a domestic one; it included child rearing and seeing to the well-being, feeding and care of the family. They were not expected to concern themselves with matters outside the home – that was more properly the domain of men.
Explanation:
when alexius comnenus asked for western help against the seljuk turks, he received
When Alexius Comnenus asked for Western help against the seljuk turks, he received a force of heavily armored knights to deploy against the lightly armored Turkish cavalry(211). option (A) is correct.
Comnenus anticipated a ton of gold and supplies, however, Metropolitan II was simply able to furnish assistance with restricted labor. Preceding Muhammad starting to show his prediction and his new confidence, Arabic people groups: adored various divine beings.
Seljuk Turks attacked southwestern Asia in the eleventh 100 years and the end established a realm that included Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, and a large portion of Iran. Their development denoted the start of Turkic power in the Center East.
Therefore, option (A) is correct.
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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
When alexius comnenus asked for western help against the seljuk turks, he received____________.
(A) a force of heavily armored knights to deploy against the lightly armored Turkish cavalry(211).
(B) were often descended from Carolingian officeholders(202)
(C) it was under the direct authority of the pope, not local lords(207)
rifles designed by the german firms of krupp and _________ pioneered the bolt-action, magazine, and clip-fed rifles that remained the staple of infantry weapons through two world wars.
Rifles designed by the German firms of Krupp and Mauser pioneered the bolt-action, magazine, and clip-fed rifles that remained the staple of infantry weapons through two world wars.
The bolt-action rifle designed by German firms Krupp and Mauser revolutionized modern firearms. This type of rifle utilized a rotating bolt to lock the action into place and a magazine to hold the ammunition. The magazine could be loaded with a clip, which made the process of loading and firing faster and more efficient.
It was also the first type of rifle to feature a detachable box magazine, which allowed the user to quickly reload without having to manually insert rounds into the chamber. The rifle also had a longer barrel than previous models, giving it greater accuracy and range.
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According to the text and map, in what ways was the Mongol Empire similar to other empires in rising and falling?
The Mongols created a force that was highly competent, flexible, and inventive. When compared to their rivals, who were slack and obstinate, they were great engineers who utilised every technology known to man.
What parallels can be drawn between the rise of the Mongolian empire and the Roman one?While being on different continents, the Roman and Mongol Empires had some characteristics in common. There were parallels between them in terms of their governance, leadership, and justice system, among other things. Both empires had enormous populations and massive territories under their control.
What led to the collapse of the Mongolian Empire?But ultimately, the Mongol Empire's decline and final collapse were largely attributed to the military campaigns' failure.
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What aspect of Palestrina's music was prized by advocates in the Counter-Reformation movement?Multiple Choice a) Dance rhythms b) Restraint c) Theatricality d) Homophonic textures
The Counter-Reformation, a Roman Catholic movement, was centered in Italy, and it had a significant impact on music. Palestrina is the most well-known late Renaissance choral composer because of his works' purity, calm, and excellence.
What is meant by the Counter-Reformation movement?The period of Catholic revival that was started in response to the Protestant Reformation at the time was known as the Counter-Reformation, also known as the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival. The European Wars of Religion came to an end in 1648, having primarily started with the Council of Trent. Alternatively known as the Catholic Reformation, In the 16th and early 17th centuries, there were attempts in Roman Catholicism to reform the Catholic church while also rebuking the Protestant Reformation. Critics of the Renaissance's corrupt and worldly papacy and clergy gave rise to the first attempts. PBS: The Counter-Reformation. The Catholic Church fell farther and further into a scandal and was corrupted over the middle ages.To learn more about Counter-Reformation movement, refer to:
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The Counter-Reformation movement's supporters highly praised Palestrina's music for its restraint. So, option B is accurate.
The Catholic Church strove to reclaim its power and stop the spread of Protestantism during the Counter-Reformation, a time of Catholic revival in response to the Protestant Reformation. Composers like Palestrina were viewed as vital supporters of the Catholic Church's cause and played a significant part in this endeavor.
The music of Palestrina was distinguished by its understated and elegant manner, with an emphasis on clean and well-balanced harmonies, supple voice leading, and an air of tranquilly and peace. This musical genre, sometimes known as the "Palestrina style" or "prima pratica," was seen to stand in sharp contrast to the more sophisticated and avant-garde musical genres that evolved during the Renaissance and were frequently connected to Protestantism.
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what was the main reason president harding struggled to achieve his campaign promise of ""a return to normalcy""?
President Harding struggled to achieve his campaign promise of "a return to normalcy" due to a combination of factors, including economic difficulties and corruption scandals.
After World War I, the United States experienced an economic recession and struggled with high unemployment rates and inflation. Although Harding promised to address these issues and return the country to prosperity, his administration was unable to implement effective economic policies.
Furthermore, Harding's presidency was marred by a number of corruption scandals, including the Teapot Dome scandal, which involved the leasing of federal oil reserves to private companies in exchange for bribes. The scandal tarnished Harding's reputation and undermined public confidence in his administration.
Harding's administration was also criticized for its isolationist foreign policy, which focused on reducing American involvement in international affairs. This policy was seen as contributing to the rise of aggressive nationalism in Europe and the eventual outbreak of World War II.
Overall, Harding's presidency was plagued by economic and political challenges that prevented him from achieving his campaign promise of a "return to normalcy."
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Which of the following
statements describes the
political cartoon in
regards to the Platt
Amendment?
A. The Platt Amendment was
considered restrictive to Cubans.
B. Cubans favored the treatment
granted them by the Platt
Amendment.
C. The United States was being
branded by Cuba.
Answer: I think it is a. I am sorry if it is wrong!
Explanation:
in the 1950s many young people adopted the defiant attitude and rebellious ways of the character portrayed by marlon brando in the one.
The character portrayed by Marlon Brando in the film "The Wild One" (1953) inspired a generation of young people to adopt a defiant and rebellious attitude, especially towards authority figures.
In the 1950s, Marlon Brando's portrayal of a motorcycle gang leader in the film "The Wild One" sparked a cultural phenomenon that came to be known as "juvenile delinquency." The character of Johnny, played by Brando, was a symbol of rebellion against societal norms and authority figures, which resonated with many young people at the time.
The film's release coincided with a growing sense of dissatisfaction among American youth, who felt alienated from the conformity and conservatism of the post-World War II era.
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The Aborigines first came from Southeast Asia to settle Australia __________. A. in 1200 B. about 40,000 years ago C. about 100 years ago D. in 1788
Answer:
40,000 to 60,000 years ago.
Explanation:
Answer:
b
Explanation:
the history of lowell epitomizes which transition?
The history of Lowell epitomizes the transition from an agrarian-based economy to an industrial-based economy, also known as the Industrial Revolution.
Lowell, Massachusetts, was a planned industrial town founded in the early 19th century, which became a center for textile manufacturing. The city's mills employed thousands of workers, many of whom were young, unmarried women from rural areas who were recruited to work in the factories.
The development of the textile industry in Lowell was made possible by the mechanization of textile production, which allowed for the mass production of textiles on a previously impossible scale.
However, the transition to an Industrial Revolution. Economy was not without its challenges. The working conditions in the mills were often harsh, and workers were subject to long hours and low wages. This led to the rise of labor unions and the labor movement, which fought for better working conditions and higher wages.
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How did the kingdoms of Western Africa maintain control over the wealth brought through the salt and gold trades?
West Africa benefited from this commerce by having access to items like iron, copper, textiles, and, much later, cutting-edge technologies like gunpowder and weapons that were previously inaccessible to the region.
How did the western African kingdoms get affluent through the use of resources like gold and salt?Ghana acquired a large portion of its wealth through commerce with the Arabs because gold was so plentiful in the country and salt was worth its weight in gold. To reach Ghana and do "business," Islamic traders walked over the desert for more than two months. They paid taxes on both their income and their outgoing expenses.
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7. what factors led to a decrease in both the unemployment rate and the inflation rate in the 1990s?
The factors that led to a decrease unemployment rate and the inflation rate is technological advances, inflation targeting by the Federal Reserve, fiscal policies to reduce the budget deficit, globalization, and demographic changes.
Technological advances: The 1990s saw a rapid development of technology, particularly in the areas of computers and the internet. This led to increased productivity and efficiency, which helped to reduce costs and create new job opportunities.
Monetary policy: The Federal Reserve implemented a policy of inflation targeting in the 1990s, which involved keeping inflation within a specific range by adjusting interest rates. This helped to keep inflation under control and promote economic stability.
Fiscal policy: The government implemented policies to reduce the budget deficit, which helped to create a stable economic environment and boost confidence in the economy.
Globalization: The opening up of global markets and the growth of international trade helped to create new job opportunities and increased competition, which led to greater efficiency and lower prices.
Demographics: The aging of the baby boomer generation led to a decrease in the labor force participation rate, which helped to reduce the unemployment rate. Additionally, the increase in the number of women entering the workforce contributed to a larger labor force and increased productivity.
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What is the BEST way to describe the Viennese School from the Classical era?
A.
It was an exclusive university in Vienna that trained famous composers.
B.
It was the innovation in music and composition from Vienna, Austria.
C.
It was the primary school where Mozart composed his first piece at five years old.
D.
It was a monastery that trained priests to compose various forms of music.
Answer:
B. It was the innovation in music and composition from Vienna, Austria.
Explanation:
The Viennese School refers to a group of Classical-era composers who were based in Vienna, Austria, and who developed a distinct style of music that emphasized clarity, balance, and elegance. This group includes composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Franz Joseph Haydn, and Ludwig van Beethoven, among others. They are known for their contributions to the development of classical music, particularly the symphony, string quartet, and sonata forms. Therefore, the best way to describe the Viennese School is option B.
