Answer:
Here are the 8 pieces of evidence for evolution defined:
Homologous structures: Structures that have the same ancestral origin but differ in function, like the bones in a bat wing and human arm. They show common ancestry.
Homologous DNA: DNA sequences that are similar among different species, indicating a shared evolutionary history.
Homologous Embryos (comparative Embryos): Similar embryonic development in different species, suggesting common ancestry.
Analogous Structure: Structures that have similar functions but different origins, like wings of insects and birds. They evolved independently to solve similar problems.
Vestigial Structures: Structures that were functional in ancestral species but have lost function in descendants, like nonfunctional eyes in cavefish or human appendix. They provide evidence of evolutionary change.
Distribution Of Species: The geographic distribution of species often correlates with evolutionary history, reflecting past geographic changes and migrations.
Fossils: Fossil evidence provides a record of ancestors and transitional forms, showing how species have evolved over time.
Real-Time Evolution: Examples of observable and well-documented evolutionary change occurring over short time scales in bacteria, viruses, and other organisms with short generation times.
Break down each concepts:
DNA is usually defined as deoxyribonucleic acid: an extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms, constructed of two nucleotide strands coiled around each other in ladderlike arrangement with the sidepieces composed of alternating phosphate and deoxyribose units and the rungs composed of the purine and pyrimidine bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine: the genetic information of DNA is encoded in the sequence of the bases and is transcribed as the strands unwind and replicate.
An embryo is the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the early stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month.
Homologous means to have the same alleles or genes in the same order of arrangement.
Analogous means corresponding in function, but not evolved from corresponding organs, as the wings of a bee and those of a hummingbird.
Vestigial is of, relating to, or of the nature of a mark, trace, or visible evidence of something that is no longer present or in existence.
Species is one of the classes of things included with other classes in a genus.
Fossils are any remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, as a skeleton, footprint, etc.
Evolution is the change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift.
(Mutation is a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome).
(Natural selection is the process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of their kind, thus ensuring the perpetuation of those favorable traits in succeeding generations).
(Genetic drift is random changes in the frequency of alleles in a gene pool usually of small populations).
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How does a seismograph work?
A. A graphite box contains liquid mercury and is covered by a zinc lid that sits directly on top of the mercury. When an earthquake occurs, the seismic wave energy is trapped by the mercury, increasing its pressure. This causes it to expand upward and push the zinc lid higher. The higher the lid goes, the stronger the earthquake.
B. Two metal plates, one of tin and one of copper are placed on top of each other. When an earthquake occurs the wave energy causes the plates to become polarized and repel each other like magnets. The top plate hovers over the bottom plate. The higher it hovers, the stronger the earthquake.
C. A weighted pen hangs suspended so it can swing freely over paper. When an earthquake occurs it shakes the pen, causing it to draw lines on the paper. The bigger the line, the stronger the earthquake.
D. Two magnets are suspended from strings and their north poles face each other so that they repel. A small generator is below them. When an earthquake occurs, the shaking forces them to swing towards each other against the repelling magnetic fields. This causes magnetic flux that spins the generator and make electricity. The stronger the electrical current, the stronger the earthquake.
A seismograph works by using a pendulum and a recording device to measure and record seismic waves generated by earthquakes. The motion of the pendulum is detected and translated into a graphical representation of the earthquake's intensity and duration. So, correct answer is option C.
The correct answer is A seismograph typically consists of a weighted pen or stylus that hangs suspended and can freely swing over a sheet of paper. When an earthquake occurs, the ground shakes, causing the suspended pen to move in response to the seismic waves.
As the pen moves, it creates lines or traces on the paper. The amplitude and duration of these lines correspond to the intensity and duration of the earthquake.
The seismograph's design allows it to detect and record the motion of the ground during an earthquake. By analyzing the recorded traces, seismologists can determine various characteristics of the earthquake, such as its magnitude, location, and type of seismic wave generated.
Overall, a seismograph operates by converting the movement caused by seismic waves into a graphical representation, providing valuable data for understanding and studying earthquakes. So, correct answer is option C.
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What purpose is served by keeping beehives near crop ?
Answer:
Explanation:
Keeping beehives near crops serves the purpose of pollination. Bees are important pollinators for many crops, including fruits, vegetables, and nuts. When bees collect nectar from flowers, they inadvertently transfer pollen from the male parts of the flower to the female parts, allowing for fertilization and the production of fruits and seeds. Without bees, many crops would have lower yields or may not produce fruit at all.
In addition to pollination, keeping beehives near crops can also provide other benefits. Bees produce honey, which can be harvested and sold as a food product. They also help to maintain biodiversity by pollinating wild plants in the surrounding area.
Overall, keeping beehives near crops is an important practice for promoting healthy ecosystems and ensuring food security.
Top 3 Authoritative Reference Publications or Domain Names:
1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
3. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation
Select the organ system which is best described in each sentence.
Which organ system is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and hormones through the body?
Which organ system helps waste gases such as carbon dioxide leave the body?
Which organ system includes the brain?
The kidneys and the urethra are part of which body system?
1. In the organ system, The circulatory system is responsible for providing gases, nutrients, and hormones around the body.
2. The organ system that helps waste gases such as carbon dioxide leave the body is the respiratory system.
3. The organ system that includes the brain is the nervous system.
4. The kidneys and the urethra are part of the urinary system.
1.The circulatory system is the organ system in charge of delivering nutrients, gases, and hormones throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which work together to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the tissues, delivering nutrients and oxygen, while the blood vessels act as a network of highways to distribute these substances to cells and organs.
2. The respiratory system is the organ system that assists waste gases such as carbon dioxide in leaving the body. The lungs, airways, and respiratory muscle are all part of it. During respiration, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is removed from the body. The lungs exchange gases by inhaling oxygen-rich air and exhaling carbon dioxide.
3. The nervous system is the organ system that contains the brain, as well as the spinal cord and nerves. The brain is the body's command and control Centre, coordinating and regulating many physical activities and processes.
4. The kidneys and the urethra are part of the urinary system. The urinary system is responsible for filtering waste products, excess water, and toxins from the blood, producing urine, and eliminating it from the body. The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste and excess substances, while the urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body during urination.
These organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis and ensure the proper functioning of the human body.
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Answer:
Which organ system is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and hormones through the body?
✔ cardiovascular system
Which organ system helps waste gases such as carbon dioxide leave the body?
✔ respiratory system
Which organ system includes the brain?
✔ nervous system
The kidneys and the urethra are part of which body system?
✔ urinary system
Question 2 of 10
Suppose this hose reel system were used to model a DNA molecule, a
chromosome, and a gene.
Which part of the model would best represent a DNA molecule?
OA. The entire length of hose
B. The entire hose and reel system
о C. The reel holding the coiled-up hose
D. A specific section of the hose
SUBMIT
The part of the hose reel system that best represents a DNA molecule would be option D: a specific section of the hose.
A DNA molecule is made up of a long sequence of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. Similarly, a specific section of the hose represents a specific sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. This section of the hose would correspond to a specific gene or a segment of DNA that carries genetic information. The entire length of the hose (option A) does not represent a specific sequence, while the entire hose and reel system (option B) includes both the DNA molecule and the machinery that holds it, which is not relevant to representing just the DNA molecule. The reel holding the coiled-up hose (option C) does not represent the sequence or structure of the DNA molecule. Therefore, option D is the most appropriate choice.For more questions on DNA molecules
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Answer:
D. A specific section of the hose
Explanation:
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from the smallest 5 digit number using the digit 612 and 7 by repeating the digits
The smallest 5-digit number would be 11226.
To form the smallest 5-digit number using the digits 6, 1, 2, and 7 by repeating the digits, we need to arrange the digits in such a way that the resulting number is as small as possible.
The first digit of a 5-digit number cannot be zero, so we need to consider the smallest digit available, which is 1. To minimize the number further, we want the remaining digits to be as small as possible. We can achieve this by repeating the digits in ascending order.
Starting with the digit 1, we can arrange the remaining digits in ascending order, which gives us the sequence 1, 1, 2, 6, 7. Combining these digits, we get the smallest 5-digit number: 11267.
This arrangement ensures that the leftmost digit is the smallest possible, while the remaining digits are also in ascending order. By following this pattern, we can form the smallest 5-digit number using the digits 6, 1, 2, and 7 by repeating them.
It's important to note that repetition is necessary in this case, as the prompt requires us to use each digit from the given set of digits. By repeating the digits, we ensure that all four digits are used in the resulting number.
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A person has a diet only when they are eating an unusual selection of food.
O
O
False
True
Answer: false
Explanation:
Diet is the food and drink that a person, animal, or group usually takes to get energy to do work.
Of the four email features listed below, which is the most important?
A.
the To address
B.
the Bcc address
C.
the attachments
D.
the domain name
The most important email feature among the four listed is the To address. Therefore, the correct option is (A).
Of the four email features listed, it is subjective to determine which one is the most important as it depends on the context and purpose of the email. However, in general, the most important feature would be the To address (option A). The To address is essential because it specifies the intended recipient(s) of the email. Without a valid and accurate To address, the email may not reach the intended recipients, defeating the purpose of communication. It ensures that the message is directed to the right individuals or groups.While other features like the Bcc address, attachments, and domain name are also important, they serve different purposes. The Bcc address allows for discreet or blind copies to be sent, attachments provide additional information or files, and the domain name identifies the sender's organization or email service provider.Overall, the To address holds primary importance in ensuring effective and targeted communication within the email platform.For more such questions on Email feature:
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A single gene with two alleles control variation in haemoglobin type in sheep. There are three different phenotypes corresponding to genotypes S^AS^A S^AS^B and S^BS^B respectively in a flock of 175 sheep the frequency of allele S^A was found to be 0.6 and frequency of allele S^B WAS found to be 0.4
Populations in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium express the same allelic and genotypic frequencies through generations. Number of individuals expressing each phenotype: 63 sheep S^AS^A, 84 sheep S^AS^B, 28 sheep S^BS^B.
What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium theory states that allelic and genotypic frequencies in populations that is in equilibrium remain the same through generations. No evolutive forces are acting on these populations, so no evolution occurs.
Assuming a diallelic gene,
Allelic frequencies
The frequency of the dominant allele f(X) is pThe frequency of the recessive allele f(x) is qGenotypic frequencies
p² (Homozygous dominant genotypic frequency), 2pq (Heterozygous genotypic frequency), q² (Homozygous recessive genotypic frequency).The addition of the allelic frequencies equals 1
p + q = 1.
The sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
In the exposed example,
Alleles Frequencies
S^A f(S^A) = p = 0.6S^B f(S^B) = p = 0.4Genotypes
S^AS^A ⇒ homozygousS^AS^B ⇒ heterozygousS^BS^B ⇒ homozygousWe need to get the number of animals expressing each genotype and phenotype. To do it, we just need to use allelic frequencies and calculate genotypic frequencies (p², 2pq, and q²), and then multiply these values by the total number of animals (N = 175).
Genotypic and Phenotypic frequencies
F(S^AS^A) = p² = 0.6² = 0.36
F(S^AS^B) = 2pq = 2 x 0.6 x 0.4 = 0.48
F(S^BS^B) = q² = 0.4² = 0.16
Number of individuals expressing each phenotype
S^AS^A ⇒ 0.36 x 175 = 63 individualsS^AS^B ⇒ 0.48 x 175 = 84 individualsS^BS^B ⇒ 0.16 x 175 = 28 individualsYou can learn more about the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at
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Complete question
A single gene with two alleles control variation in haemoglobin type in sheep. There are three different phenotypes corresponding to genotypes
S^AS^A S^AS^B and S^BS^BIn a flock of 175 sheep the frequency of allele S^A was found to be 0.6 and frequency of allele S^B WAS found to be 0.4.
Using the hardy weinberg equation calculate the number of sheep with each phenotypes in the flock show your working
Flagellates are microbes that have a rod-shaped flagellum that helps with their locomotion. Certain flagellates reside inside termites. These flagellates provide enzymes for the termites to digest cellulose, which helps them survive. In turn, the termites provide nourishment to these flagellates. Termites need cellulose for their survival, and flagellates obtain nutrition only from termites. Which statement can be true about the association between these microbes and termites?
The statement that can be true about the association between these microbes and termites is "B. The flagellates and termites share an obligate mutualistic association."
The flagellates and termites share an obligate mutualistic association." This means that the relationship between the flagellates and termites is mutually beneficial and essential for both organisms' survival. The flagellates provide enzymes to help the termites digest cellulose, which is crucial for the termites' nutrition and survival. In return, the termites provide a habitat and a source of nourishment for the flagellates.
The association is considered obligate because neither the flagellates nor the termites can survive or function properly without each other. The flagellates rely solely on the termites for their nutrition, as they cannot obtain it from any other source. Likewise, the termites depend on the flagellates' enzymes to break down cellulose, which is a vital component of their diet.
This mutualistic association demonstrates how organisms can form interdependent relationships for their survival and highlights the intricate connections and dependencies that exist within ecosystems. Therefore, Option B is correct.
The question was incomplete. find the full content below:
Flagellates are microbes that have a rod-shaped flagellum that helps with their locomotion. Certain flagellates reside inside termites. These flagellates provide enzymes for the termites to digest cellulose, which helps them survive. In turn, the termites provide nourishment to these flagellates. Termites need cellulose for their survival, and flagellates obtain nutrition only from termites. Which statement can be true about the association between these microbes and termites?
A. The flagellates share a facultative mutualistic association with the termites.
B. The flagellates and termites share an obligate mutualistic association.
C. The flagellates share an obligate parasitic association with the termites.
D. The flagellates and termites share a commensal association.
E. The flagellates and termites share a facultative parasitic association.
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SEND HELPPPP NEED ANSWERSSS PLEASE
Answer:
i believe the answer is d
Explanation:
hope it helps
Put the letter of the correct answer on the blank. Greatly appreciated!
Answer:
21. J.
22. G.
23. K.
24. L.
25. B.
26. F.
27. H.
28. D.
29. A.
30. I.
31. C.
32. E.
Explanation:
why bone grow in bidirectional
Explanation:
Bones grow in different directions because they need to support the body in different ways. The different directions allow for flexibility and strength.
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Answer:
C. It increases the number of possible chromosome combinations that can occur in offspring.
Explanation:
As a result of independent assortment, the number of possible chromosome combinations that can occur in offspring increases. For example, let's consider just three pairs of homologous chromosomes. If there were no independent assortment, the possible combinations of chromosomes in gametes would be limited to only two options: one gamete with all paternal chromosomes and another gamete with all maternal chromosomes. However, with independent assortment, there are eight possible combinations of chromosomes that can occur in gametes, as each pair can segregate independently.
These different combinations of chromosomes in gametes contribute to increased genetic variation in offspring. When these gametes combine during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have a unique combination of chromosomes from the parents. This increases the potential for new allele combinations and genetic diversity in subsequent generations.
Therefore, the correct answer is C. Independent assortment increases the number of possible chromosome combinations that can occur in offspring, thereby promoting genetic variation.
how are the order of condons determined
Overall, the order of codons is determined by the genetic code, which specifies how nucleotide triplets are translated into amino acids. The order of codons is crucial because it determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein, which in turn determines its structure and function.
In genetics, a codon is a three-nucleotide sequence in RNA or DNA that encodes a single amino acid or signals the end of the amino acid chain during translation.
The order of codons is crucial because it specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein, which in turn determines its structure and function.
The order of codons is determined by the genetic code, which is a set of rules that specifies how nucleotide triplets are translated into amino acids.
The genetic code is nearly universal, meaning that the same codons code for the same amino acids in almost all organisms, from bacteria to humans.
The genetic code is degenerate, meaning that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.
For example, the amino acid leucine can be encoded by six different codons: UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG.
The genetic code also has several codons that signal the end of a protein. These codons are known as stop codons, and they include UAA, UAG, and UGA.
The order of codons in DNA is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA molecule.
The order of codons in RNA is determined by the transcription of DNA into RNA, which involves the complementary base pairing of nucleotides.
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Brown eye color is a dominant trait and blue eye color is a recessive trait.
What typically happens when someone inherits one allele for brown eyes and one for blue eyes?
Answer:
Explanation:Eye color is a polygenic trait, which means it is determined by multiple genes. However, the two most important genes that determine eye color are OCA2 and HERC2. The OCA2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called P protein, which is involved in the production of melanin, the pigment that gives color to our skin, hair, and eyes. The HERC2 gene regulates the expression of the OCA2 gene.
The amount and type of melanin produced by our body determines our eye color. Brown eyes have more melanin than blue eyes. Blue eyes have less melanin and reflect more light, which makes them appear blue.
Brown eye color is dominant over blue eye color because the OCA2 gene variant associated with brown eyes is more active than the variant associated with blue eyes. This means that if an individual inherits one copy of the brown-eye allele and one copy of the blue-eye allele, they will have brown eyes because the brown-eye allele is dominant.
However, it is possible for two brown-eyed parents to have a blue-eyed child if both parents carry a copy of the recessive blue-eye allele. In this case, there is a 25% chance that their child will inherit two copies of the blue-eye allele and have blue eyes.
In summary, brown eye color is dominant over blue eye color because the OCA2 gene variant associated with brown eyes is more active than the variant associated with blue eyes.
Top 3 Authoritative Reference Publications or Domain Names Used in Answering this Question:
1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
2. Genetics Home Reference
3. ScienceDirect
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Answer:
They perform specilaized function
Answer: C. They perform specialized functions.
Explanation:
y shows the process of DNA replication. Identify the components of the process.
Okazaki fragment
X
lagging
strand
leading
topoisomerase
DNA polymerase
original DNA
HHH
ए
RNA
primer
RNA primase
DNA helicase
parent
DNA
AD
Answer:
DNA Synthesis
There are four basic components required to initiate and propagate DNA synthesis mechanism . These are: substrates, template, primer and enzymes.
Explanation:
Template DNA
enzyme - DNA polymerase, Helicase, DNA primase, topoisomerases ,
DNA ligase
Okazaki fragments
Single-stranded binding proteins
DNA POLYMERASE
The table shown below represents the number of species growing in an area that was logged using clear-cutting 45 years ago in Temagami, Ontario. Data was collected periodically over 45 years.
Describe the changes occurring in vegetation type and species diversity over the 45 years.
What does the pattern of change tell you about what is happening in this area?
Explain how the data supports your conclusion.
Here is an analysis of the changes in vegetation and species diversity based on the data:
In the first years after logging, the area was dominated by grasses, with 32 species present after 1 year. Shrubs and trees were initially absent. This indicates that grasses rapidly colonized the disturbed area after logging.
Over time, the number of grass species declined as shrubs and trees became established. Shrubs first appeared after 5 years and gradually increased, with 18 species present after 45 years. Trees were absent for the first 15 years but then increased to 24 species after 45 years.
The total number of species showed a steady increase over the 45 years, from 32 species initially to a maximum of 77 species after 45 years. This indicates that species diversity was low immediately following the disturbance but gradually recovered and surpassed the original diversity levels.
The pattern of changes suggests that after the initial disturbance of logging, grasses were the first vegetation to recover and colonize the open area. Then over time, shrubs and trees established and the plant community transitioned from grasses to shrubs to trees. This successional progression from early to later species resulted in an overall increase in species diversity as different types of plants colonized the area.
In summary, the key conclusions supported by the data are:
Grasses rapidly colonized after disturbance while shrubs and trees were initially absentShrubs and trees gradually established over time, replacing some of the grass speciesTotal species diversity increased as different vegetation types colonized, reaching maximum diversity after 45 yearsThe changes indicate a successional progression from early colonizers to later species that resulted in higher diversity.When a body cell divides through the process of mitosis, the chromosomes in the daughter cells
When a body cell divides through the process of mitosis, the chromosomes in the daughter cells are typically identical to each other and to the parent cell. Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in somatic (non-reproductive) cells and is responsible for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in certain organisms.
During mitosis, the parent cell undergoes a series of stages, including prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, followed by cytokinesis. Throughout these stages, the chromosomes go through specific changes and arrangements to ensure accurate distribution to the daughter cells.
In the early stages of mitosis, during prophase, the chromatin (loosely packed DNA) condenses into visible chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of two identical copies called chromatids, which are joined together at a region called the centromere.
During prometaphase, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the chromosomes become more condensed and visible. Microtubules called spindle fibers start to form and attach to the chromosomes at their kinetochores, which are protein structures located at the centromeres.
In metaphase, the chromosomes align at the center of the cell, forming a plane called the metaphase plate. The spindle fibers are fully formed and connected to the chromosomes, ready to separate them.
Anaphase is the stage where the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell. The spindle fibers contract, pulling the chromatids apart. Once separated, each chromatid is considered an individual chromosome.
Finally, in telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite ends of the cell. The nuclear envelopes reform around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to decondense, returning to their chromatin form. The cell then undergoes cytokinesis, dividing into two daughter cells, each containing an identical set of chromosomes.
In summary, during mitosis, the chromosomes in the daughter cells are replicas of the chromosomes in the parent cell. They have the same genetic information and are organized in a similar manner, allowing for the accurate transmission of genetic material to maintain genetic continuity and produce genetically identical daughter cells.
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Answer: virus is exception
Explanation
virus wall is made up of proteins hence they lack of cell wall therefore it is exception
Explain the difference between homologous and analogous structures
best answer gets brainliest of them all
Answer:
Explanation:
Homologous structures:
• Come from a common evolutionary ancestor
• Have a shared ontogenetic origin
• Generally retain some structural similarity due to their common evolutionary heritage
• Examples: forelimbs of pentadactyl animals (five-fingered limbs across vertebrates)
- Human arm and whale flipper have homologous bones
Analogous structures:
• Arise separately in evolutionary history
• Have a different ontogenetic origin but similar function
• Show similarity of form and function despite being unrelated structures
• Examples: wings of birds and insects
- Bat wing and whale flipper are analogous despite resemblance
How far will an S wave travel in 14 minutes?
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Answer:
Explanation:
Eukaryotic cells are cells containing membrane-bound organelles and are the basis for both unicellular and multicellular organisms. In contrast, prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles and are always part of unicellular organisms.
