a. The total cost of the pine wood used during the year 2021 is $712,000.
b. The cost of goods manufactured for the year 2021 is $248,000.
c. The cost of goods sold for the year 2021 is $80,000.
d. The total of the prime cost and the conversion cost for the year 2021 is $280,000 each.
a. Total cost of the pine wood used during the year:
To calculate the total cost of the pine wood used during the year, we need to consider the beginning inventory, purchases, and ending inventory of treated pine wood.
Beginning inventory: $200,000
Purchases: $616,000
Ending inventory: $104,000
The formula to calculate the cost of pine wood used is:
Cost of pine wood used = Beginning inventory + Purchases - Ending inventory
Plugging in the values:
Cost of pine wood used = $200,000 + $616,000 - $104,000
Cost of pine wood used = $712,000
Therefore, the total cost of the pine wood used during the year 2021 is $712,000.
b. Cost of goods manufactured for the year:
To calculate the cost of goods manufactured, we need to consider the manufacturing labor cost (direct), the combined cost of labor and materials (both indirect), and the changes in work-in-process (WIP) inventory.
Manufacturing labor cost (direct): $160,000
Combined cost of labor and materials (both indirect): $120,000
WIP inventory (opening): $8,000
WIP inventory (closing): $40,000
The formula to calculate the cost of goods manufactured is:
Cost of goods manufactured = Manufacturing labor cost + Combined cost of labor and materials + WIP inventory (opening) - WIP inventory (closing)
Plugging in the values:
Cost of goods manufactured = $160,000 + $120,000 + $8,000 - $40,000
Cost of goods manufactured = $248,000
Therefore, the cost of goods manufactured for the year 2021 is $248,000.
c. Cost of goods sold for the year:
To calculate the cost of goods sold, we need to consider the changes in inventory of completed tables.
Inventory of completed tables (opening): $240,000
Inventory of completed tables (closing): $160,000
The formula to calculate the cost of goods sold is:
Cost of goods sold = Inventory of completed tables (opening) - Inventory of completed tables (closing)
Plugging in the values:
Cost of goods sold = $240,000 - $160,000
Cost of goods sold = $80,000
Therefore, the cost of goods sold for the year 2021 is $80,000.
d. Total of the prime cost and the conversion cost for the year:
Prime cost includes the direct costs of labor and materials used in manufacturing a product. Conversion cost includes the indirect costs associated with the production process, such as manufacturing overheads and indirect labor.
Prime cost = Direct labor cost + Direct materials cost
Conversion cost = Direct labor cost + Manufacturing overheads (indirect labor and other indirect costs)
Given:
Manufacturing labor cost (direct): $160,000
Combined cost of labor and materials (both indirect): $120,000
Prime cost = $160,000 + $120,000 = $280,000
Conversion cost = $160,000 + $120,000 = $280,000
Therefore, the total of the prime cost and the conversion cost for the year 2021 is $280,000 each.
e. Definition of 'Prime cost' and 'Conversion cost':
Prime cost refers to the direct costs incurred in the production of goods or services. It includes the cost of direct labor, which is the wages or salaries paid to employees directly involved in the production process, and the cost of direct materials, which are the materials or components used in manufacturing the product.
Conversion cost, on the other hand, includes the indirect costs associated with converting raw materials into finished products. It comprises the cost of direct labor and the
Manufacturing overheads. Manufacturing overheads include indirect labor (e.g., supervisors, maintenance personnel), indirect materials, utilities, depreciation of manufacturing equipment, and other indirect costs.
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quality department store provides a free gift-wrapping service for its customers. the gift-wrap service has the practical capacity to wrap 10,000 gifts as a budgeted fixed cost of 8,000 each month. the budgeted variable cost to gift wrap a package is $0.50. the gift-wrap department reports the following for last month: actual fixed costs were 9,500 and the actual variable cost to wrap a gift was $0.60. sales department: children - actual number of gifts wrapped (650), budgeted number of gifts to be wrapped ( 1,250); men - actual number of gifts wrapped (2,800), budgeted number of gifts to be wrapped (3,000); women - actual number of gifts wrapped ( 2,550), budgeted number of gifts to be wrapped (2,750); total - actual number of gifts wrapped (6,000), budgeted number of gifts to be wrapped (7,000), practical capacity available for gift wrapping (10,000). using the dual-rate method, what is the total dollar amount of gift-wrapping costs allocated to the men's department?
Using the dual-rate method, the total dollar amount of gift-wrapping costs allocated to the men's department is $2,090.
To calculate the gift-wrapping costs allocated to the men's department using the dual-rate method, we need to determine the fixed cost and variable cost components separately.
Fixed Cost Calculation:
The actual fixed costs for the gift-wrap service were $9,500. However, the budgeted fixed cost is given as $8,000. The difference between the actual and budgeted fixed costs is considered an over/underapplied fixed cost.
Overapplied Fixed Cost: $9,500 - $8,000 = $1,500
Variable Cost Calculation:
The actual variable cost to wrap a gift was $0.60, while the budgeted variable cost is given as $0.50. Similar to the fixed cost, the difference between the actual and budgeted variable costs is an over/underapplied variable cost.
Overapplied Variable Cost: $0.60 - $0.50 = $0.10
Allocation to Men's Department:
To allocate the gift-wrapping costs to the men's department, we need to determine the actual and budgeted proportion of gifts wrapped by men. The actual number of gifts wrapped by men is 2,800, and the budgeted number is 3,000. Using this information, we can calculate the proportion of gifts wrapped by men:
Proportion of Gifts Wrapped by Men: 2,800 / 3,000 = 0.933
Now, we can allocate the total overapplied costs to the men's department based on this proportion:
Allocated Fixed Cost: $1,500 × 0.933 = $1,400
Allocated Variable Cost: $0.10 × 2,800 = $280
Total Dollar Amount Allocated to Men's Department: $1,400 + $280 = $2,090.
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financial accounting is reffered as internal repoting
No, financial accounting is not referred to as internal reporting. Internal reporting is a subset of financial accounting that provides financial information to managers and other internal users.
Financial accounting, on the other hand, is a broader term that encompasses all of the processes involved in preparing and communicating financial information to external users, such as investors, creditors, and government regulators.
Internal reporting typically includes financial statements that are prepared on a more frequent basis than external financial statements, such as monthly or quarterly statements. Internal reports may also include more detailed information than external financial statements, such as information about individual products or divisions.
The purpose of internal reporting is to help managers make decisions about the company's operations. Managers use internal reports to track the company's financial performance, identify areas where the company is doing well or poorly, and make plans for the future.
External financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and are used by investors, creditors, and government regulators to assess the company's financial health.
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(full question)
financial accounting is reffered as internal repoting Yes or No.
torino company has 2,500 shares of $50 par value, 5.0% cumulative preferred stock and 25,000 shares of $10 par value common stock outstanding. the company paid total cash dividends of $6,000 in its first year of operation. the cash dividend that must be paid to preferred stockholders in the second year before any dividend is paid to common stockholders is: multiple choice $12,500. $6,250. $250. $6,000. $6,500.
To calculate the cash dividend that must be paid to preferred stockholders in the second year before any dividend is paid to common stockholders, we need to consider the cumulative nature of the preferred stock. the correct answer is: b) $6,250.
Given information:
- Preferred stock: 2,500 shares of $50 par value, 5.0% cumulative
- Common stock: 25,000 shares of $10 par value
- Total cash dividends paid in the first year: $6,000
1. Calculate the cumulative dividend for preferred stock:
Cumulative dividend = Par value of preferred stock x Cumulative dividend rate
Cumulative dividend = $50 x 5.0% = $2.50 per share
2. Calculate the total cumulative dividend for preferred stock:
Total cumulative dividend = Cumulative dividend x Number of preferred shares
Total cumulative dividend = $2.50 x 2,500 = $6,250
Since the preferred stock is cumulative, any unpaid dividends from previous years are carried forward to subsequent years. In this case, the total cumulative dividend of $6,250 must be paid to preferred stockholders in the second year before any dividend is paid to common stockholders.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
b) $6,250.
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correct answer please
thourands eucept dividends per common share and price per coinimon share.
Calculate the following ratios for 2021 and \( 2020 . \) 1. Earnings per share. (Round answers to 2 decimal ploces, es 52.76)
EPS is an important financial metric for investors as it provides an indication of the company's profitability on a per-share basis.
Higher EPS generally suggests higher profitability and can be seen as a positive sign for investors.
To calculate earnings per share (EPS), you need two pieces of information: the net earnings of the company and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
EPS is calculated by dividing the net earnings of a company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during a specific period.
It is a financial ratio that indicates the profitability of a company on a per-share basis.
The formula to calculate EPS is as follows:
EPS = Net Earnings / Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding
To calculate the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, you need the number of shares outstanding at the beginning and end of the period, as well as any additional shares issued or repurchased during the period.
The time period over which the weighted average is calculated depends on the company's accounting policies.
Once you have the net earnings and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, you can divide the net earnings by the weighted average number of shares to calculate EPS.
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if the economy is in a downturn, classical economists believe that, over time, the economy will
If the economy is in a downturn, classical economists believe that, over time, the economy will eventually recover to its natural state or equilibrium state.
What is the Classical Theory of Economics?The Classical Theory of Economics is a school of thought that believes in the fundamental concepts of supply and demand, market equilibrium, and capitalism's efficiency and productivity.
They believe that the economy will always bounce back after a recession or downturn because of the market's self-regulating mechanisms.
These self-regulating mechanisms are described in the classical theory of economics.
They believe that free markets will allocate resources more efficiently than any other economic system.
Classical economists believe that the market will adjust and return to equilibrium after a recession or downturn because the economy is self-regulating.
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KuoKuts makes one product and it provided the following information to help prepare the master budget for its first four months of operations:
The budgeted selling price per unit is $70. Budgeted unit sales for May, June, July, and August are 8,000, 11,000, 13,000, and 12,000 units, respectively. All sales are on credit.
35% of credit sales are collected in the month of the sale and 65% in the following month.
The ending finished goods inventory equals 30% of the following month’s unit sales.
The ending raw materials inventory equals 22% of the following month’s raw materials production needs. Each unit of finished goods requires 6 pounds of raw materials. The raw materials cost $6.00 per pound.
25% of raw materials purchases are paid for in the month of purchase and 75% in the following month.
According to the production budget, how many units should be produced in June?
Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
2. KuoKuts makes one product and it provided the following information to help prepare the master budget for its first four months of operations:
The budgeted selling price per unit is $61. Budgeted unit sales for May, June, July, and August are 8,000, 11,000, 13,000, and 13,000 units, respectively. All sales are on credit.
35% of credit sales are collected in the month of the sale and 65% in the following month.
The ending finished goods inventory equals 20% of the following month’s unit sales.
The ending raw materials inventory equals 24% of the following month’s raw materials production needs. Each unit of finished goods requires 6 pounds of raw materials. The raw materials cost $9.00 per pound.
25% of raw materials purchases are paid for in the month of purchase and 75% in the following month.
Assume 46,000 pounds of raw materials are needed to meet production in July; how many pounds of raw materials should be purchased in June? Note that with the above given information, you can compute the budgeted pounds of raw material needed to meet production in July, but to solve this problem, ignore your computed number of pounds of raw material needed to meet production in July and use the number given.
Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
(HINT: Begin with the PRODUCTION budget before moving to the Raw Materials numbers)
KuoKuts should produce 13,600 units in June. To determine the number of units KuoKuts should produce in June, we need to consider the budgeted unit sales and the ending finished goods inventory for the following month.
The budgeted unit sales for June are 11,000 units. According to the information provided, the ending finished goods inventory equals 20% of the following month's unit sales. So, the ending finished goods inventory for July would be 20% of 13,000 units, which is 2,600 units. To calculate the units to be produced in June, we need to subtract the beginning finished goods inventory from the desired ending finished goods inventory. However, the beginning finished goods inventory is not given, so we will assume it to be zero.
Therefore, the number of units to be produced in June would be the budgeted unit sales for June (11,000 units) plus the desired ending finished goods inventory for July (2,600 units) minus the beginning finished goods inventory (assumed to be zero).
So, the units to be produced in June would be 11,000 + 2,600 = 13,600 units.
Therefore, KuoKuts should produce 13,600 units in June.
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1. According to the production budget, KuoKuts should produce 10,060 units in June (rounded to the nearest whole number).
2. KuoKuts should purchase 31,560 pounds of raw materials in June (rounded to the nearest whole number).
1. To determine the number of units KuoKuts should produce in June, we need to consider the budgeted unit sales for June, the desired ending finished goods inventory, and the production needs. In this case, the budgeted unit sales for June are 11,000 units, and the desired ending finished goods inventory is 30% of the following month's unit sales, which is 3,900 units. Adding these two numbers gives us a total of 14,900 units. However, since 35% of credit sales are collected in the month of the sale and 65% in the following month, we need to adjust the units to be produced accordingly. Dividing 14,900 units by 0.65 gives us approximately 22,923 units. Rounding this to the nearest whole number, we get 10,060 units to be produced in June.
2. To determine the pounds of raw materials to be purchased in June, we need to consider the production needs for July and the desired ending raw materials inventory. Given that 46,000 pounds of raw materials are needed to meet production in July and the desired ending raw materials inventory is 24% of the following month's raw materials production needs, we can calculate the total raw materials needed. Dividing 46,000 pounds by 0.76 (1 - 0.24) gives us approximately 60,526 pounds. However, we are instructed to ignore this computed number and instead use the given number, which is 46,000 pounds. Therefore, KuoKuts should purchase 46,000 pounds of raw materials in June.
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The emphasis in Confucianism is on spiritual achievement rather than worldly goods A. True B. False
The emphasis in Confucianism is on spiritual achievement rather than worldly goods. The statement is A. True.
Confucianism is a system of moral, social, political, and religious thought that has had a significant impact on the cultures of East Asia.
Confucianism is a way of life and a mode of thinking that is centered on the teachings of Confucius and the application of these teachings in everyday life.
The emphasis in Confucianism is on spiritual achievement rather than worldly goods.
The objective of the Confucian is to become a true gentleman, or "junzi," and to achieve this one must cultivate virtues such as benevolence, propriety, and wisdom.
Confucius taught that individuals should strive to improve themselves morally and ethically in order to become better people and better citizens of society, rather than focusing solely on acquiring wealth or power.
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suppose you bought a bond with a coupon rate of 4.4 percent one year ago for $850. the bond sells for $900 today. the bond pays annual coupons. a. assuming a $1,000 face value, what was your total dollar return on this investment over the past year? (do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.) b. what was your total nominal rate of return on this investment over the past year? (do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) c. if the inflation rate last year was 1.5 percent, what was your total real rate of return on this investment? (do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
a. The total dollar return on the investment over the past year is $94.
b. The total nominal rate of return on the investment over the past year is 11.06%.
c. The total real rate of return on the investment over the past year, adjusted for inflation, is 9.56%.
a. To calculate the total dollar return on the investment, we need to consider the coupon payments and any change in the bond price. The coupon rate is 4.4% of the face value, which is $1,000. So, the annual coupon payment is $1,000 * 4.4% = $44.
Over the past year, you received one coupon payment of $44. Additionally, the bond price increased from $850 to $900. Therefore, the total dollar return is the sum of the coupon payment and the change in bond price: $44 + ($900 - $850) = $94.
b. The total nominal rate of return is calculated by dividing the total dollar return by the initial investment and expressing it as a percentage. In this case, the initial investment was $850. So, the nominal rate of return is ($94 / $850) * 100 = 11.06%.
c. To calculate the total real rate of return, we need to adjust the nominal rate of return for inflation. The inflation rate was 1.5%. Therefore, the real rate of return is the nominal rate of return minus the inflation rate: 11.06% - 1.5% = 9.56%.
Note: The calculations assume that no additional coupon payments were received during the year.
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Prior to adjustment at the end of the year, the balance in Trucks is $426,900 and the balance in Acoumulated Depreciation-Trucks is $127,280. Details of the subsidiary ledger are as follows: a. Determine for each thuck the depreciation rate per mile and the amount to be credited to the accumulated depreciation section of each subsidiary account for the miles operated during the currert year. Keep in mind that the depreciation taken cannot reduce the book valuel of the truck below its residual value. Round the rate per mile to two decimal places.
Depreciation rate is a fixed percentage of the cost of an asset that can be charged each year as an expense against the earnings generated by the asset.
Depreciation rate per mile is the depreciation rate calculated for each mile a vehicle is driven. It is important to calculate the rate because each mile adds depreciation to the vehicle's value, lowering its book value. The depreciation rate per mile is calculated as follows..
Depreciation Rate per Mile = [(Cost – Residual Value) ÷ Estimated Total Miles]To solve this problem, we must first find the cost of the truck. Then, we need to use the cost, residual value, and estimated total miles to find the depreciation rate per mile.
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Exercise 9-6 Percent of sales method; write-off LO P3 At year-end (December 31. Chan Company estimates its bad debts as \( 0.80 \% \) of its annual credit sales of \( \$ 899.000 \). Chan records i is
The journal entry to record the write-off under the percent of sales method is as follows:Particulars | Debit | CreditBad debt expense | XXX | Accounts receivable | XXX
As per the problem,Chan Company estimates its bad debts as 0.80% of its annual credit sales of $899,000.
Bad debt expense = Percent of credit sales × Total credit sales
= 0.80% × $899,000
= $7,192
Accounts receivable is reduced by the same amount as the bad debt expense when recording a write-off. Hence, the journal entry to record the write-off under the percent of sales method is as follows:
Particulars | Debit | CreditBad debt expense | $7,192 | Accounts receivable | $7,192
Hence, the journal entry is shown above.According to the issue, Chan Company calculates that its bad debts represent 0.80% of its $899,00 yearly credit sales.
Total credit sales are equal to 0.80% of bad debt charge, which comes to $899,000, or $7,192.When a write-off is recorded, the quantity of accounts receivable is decreased in the same proportion as the bad debt charge. As a result, the following journal entry is used to record the write-off using the percent of sales approach.
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Do you agree that corporations and managers should be criminal
prosecuted for failing to provide appropriate OHS standards?
Some argue that criminal prosecution can serve as a deterrent and hold corporations and managers accountable for their actions. They believe that if companies and their managers knowingly neglect OHS standards and put workers' lives at risk, they should face legal consequences.
On the other hand, others argue that criminal prosecution may not be the most effective approach. They suggest that the focus should be on improving regulations, enforcement, and promoting a culture of workplace safety through education and training. Additionally, they highlight that civil remedies, such as fines and compensation, may be more suitable for addressing OHS violations.
Ultimately, the decision on whether to pursue criminal prosecution for failing to provide appropriate OHS standards depends on legal frameworks and societal norms in different jurisdictions.
In conclusion, the question of whether corporations and managers should be criminally prosecuted for failing to provide appropriate OHS standards is a complex and debated topic. The answer to this question may vary depending on different perspectives, legal frameworks, and societal norms. It is important to consider both sides of the argument and carefully evaluate the potential effectiveness and impact of different approaches.
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Some contend that pursuing criminal charges can function as deterrence and make businesses and management responsible for their behavior. They contend that organizations and their managers need to be held legally accountable if they deliberately disregard OHS regulations and endanger the lives of employees.
Others, though, contend that criminal prosecution might not be the best course of action. They contend that the emphasis should be on strengthening laws, upholding them, and encouraging a workplace safety culture through instruction and training. They also emphasize that civil remedies, such as fines, and compensation, may be more appropriate for dealing with OHS infractions.
The choice of whether to file a criminal complaint for failing to uphold proper OHS standards ultimately rests on the legal systems and cultural norms of the various jurisdictions.
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The degrees of operating leverage for Carla Vista Corp. and Sandhill Co. are 1.05 and 5.65, respectively. Both have operating incomes of $42,900. Determine their respective contribution margins.
The respective contribution margins for Carla Vista Corp. and Sandhill Co. can be calculated as the ratio of their operating income to their sales revenue.
How to find?To determine the respective contribution margins for Carla Vista Corp. and Sandhill Co., we can use the formula for operating leverage, which is the ratio of percentage change in operating income to the percentage change in sales. The contribution margin is the difference between the sales revenue and the variable costs.
1. Find the percentage change in operating income for both companies:
- Carla Vista Corp. has a degree of operating leverage of 1.05, so the percentage change in operating income is 1.05 times the percentage change in sales.
- Sandhill Co. has a degree of operating leverage of 5.65, so the percentage change in operating income is 5.65 times the percentage change in sales.
2. Since both companies have the same operating income of $42,900, we can equate the percentage change in operating income for both companies:
1.05x = 5.65x
Solving for x, we get x = 0.184.
3. Now, we can calculate the contribution margin for Carla Vista Corp.:
- Let's assume the sales revenue for Carla Vista Corp. is S.
- The variable cost for Carla Vista Corp. is 1 - contribution margin (CM) = 1 - CM/S.
- The operating income for Carla Vista Corp. is S - (1 - CM/S)S = CM*S.
- We know that the operating income for Carla Vista Corp. is $42,900, so we have CM*S = $42,900.
- Substituting the value of CM*S, we get CM*S = 0.184*S
= $42,900.
- Solving for S, we get S = $42,900/0.184.
4. Similarly, we can calculate the contribution margin for Sandhill Co. using the same steps:
- Let's assume the sales revenue for Sandhill Co. is T.
- The variable cost for Sandhill Co. is 1 - contribution margin (CN) = 1 - CN/T.
- The operating income for Sandhill Co. is T - (1 - CN/T)T = CN*T.
- We know that the operating income for Sandhill Co. is $42,900, so we have CN*T = $42,900.
- Substituting the value of CN*T, we get CN*T = 0.184*T
= $42,900.
- Solving for T, we get T = $42,900/0.184.
Therefore, the respective contribution margins for Carla Vista Corp. and Sandhill Co. can be calculated as the ratio of their operating income to their sales revenue.
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The journal entry to record the variable overhead cost applied
to production would include
A credit to variable overhead efficiency variance for $2,700
A debit to work-in-process inventory
The journal entry to record the variable overhead cost applied to production would include a debit to Work-in-Process Inventory and a credit to Variable Overhead.In cost accounting, Variable Overhead (VOH) refers to the indirect costs of production that vary proportionately to changes in the volume of production.
Variable Overhead (VOH) costs are those production costs that are not directly linked to specific units of production. Instead, they are expenses related to the indirect costs of producing goods.Variable Overhead (VOH) is a cost that is incurred in the process of producing a product, but it is not directly attributable to a specific unit of product. Instead, the VOH is related to the cost of producing a batch or a group of goods. The formula for calculating the total variable overhead cost for a particular batch is:Total Variable Overhead = Variable Overhead Rate * Actual Quantity of Production.Here is the journal entry for variable overhead costs applied to production:Debit Work-in-Process Inventory for the total amount of variable overhead applied to production.Credit Variable Overhead for the total amount of variable overhead applied to production.
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Input Domain Boundary Testing :
Consider the following decision problem for visiting a travel destination: Starting from DFW area, 1) region a: if it is within Texas and within 200 miles, you will take a day trip by car; 2) region b: if it is outside of region a, but within 500 miles, you will take a multi-day trip by car; and 3) region c: outside both region a and region b, you will take a multi-day trip by plane. Apply EPC, Weak 1x1, and Weak Nx1 strategies to perform BT. You need to show your test points graphically (but don’t worry about exact maps – this is not a geography exam) and discuss the effectiveness of each strategy. Also discuss the impact of linear vs non-linear boundaries in this problem.
The decision problem for visiting a travel destination can be represented by the following regions:
Region a: Within Texas and within 200 miles
Region b: Outside region a, but within 500 miles
Region c: Outside both region a and region b
Equivalence Partitioning (EPC) Strategy:
For the EPC strategy, we can choose representative test points within each region:
Region a: Select a point within Texas and within 200 miles of DFW.
Region b: Choose a point outside region a but within 500 miles of DFW.
Region c: Select a point outside both region a and region b.
Weak 1x1 Strategy:
The Weak 1x1 strategy involves testing the boundaries of each region:
Region a: Test a point on the Texas border, exactly 200 miles away from DFW.
Region b: Test a point just outside the boundary of region a, but still within 500 miles of DFW.
Region c: Test a point just outside the boundary of region b.
Weak Nx1 Strategy:
The Weak Nx1 strategy involves testing multiple points along the boundaries:
Region a: Test multiple points along the Texas border within the 200-mile range.
Region b: Test multiple points along the boundary of region a but within the 500-mile range.
Region c: Test multiple points outside the boundary of region b.
The effectiveness of each strategy depends on the specific requirements and complexity of the problem. EPC provides a representative coverage of each region, while Weak 1x1 and Weak Nx1 strategies focus on boundary testing. Weak Nx1 provides more thorough coverage along the boundaries but requires more test points.
The impact of linear vs. non-linear boundaries in this problem is that linear boundaries (e.g., straight lines) are easier to test with a few representative points, while non-linear boundaries (e.g., irregular shapes) may require more test points to ensure adequate coverage along the boundary. In this case, the linear boundaries of the regions make it relatively straightforward to apply the testing strategies effectively.
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For the economic analysis where the benefits are the same for the 2 alternatives but the costs are not, if the results are present value of A equal to -$438 and present value of B equal to -$250. Which alternative will be preferred and why? Alternative B because it maximizes the difference of the present value of the benefits minus the present value of the costs Alternative A because it minimizes the present value of costs Alternative A because it maximizes the difference of the present value of the benefits minus the present value of the costs Alternative B because it minimizes the present value of costs
"Alternative A because it minimizes the present value of costs." By choosing Alternative B, you are selecting the option with the lowest present value of costs, thus maximizing cost efficiency.
Based on the information provided, Alternative A is preferred because it minimizes the present value of costs. In economic analysis, the present value is a measure of the value of future costs or benefits when discounted to the present time. The negative present values for both alternatives indicate that the costs outweigh the benefits.
Since the benefits are the same for both alternatives, the decision is based on minimizing costs. The present value of Alternative A's costs is -$438, while the present value of Alternative B's costs is -$250. In this case, the present value of costs is lower for Alternative B, which means it is a more cost-effective option.
In economic analysis, it is important to consider both costs and benefits to make informed decisions. By analyzing the present values, we can evaluate the long-term financial implications of each alternative and make a rational choice based on minimizing costs.
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Based on this analysis, it is clear that alternative A maximizes the difference of the present value of benefits minus the present value of costs, as it yields a larger negative difference of -$188. Therefore, alternative A would be preferred in this scenario.
If we calculate the difference for alternative A, it would be the present value of benefits minus the present value of costs, which is -$438 minus -$250, resulting in a difference of -$188.
For alternative B, the difference would be the present value of benefits minus the present value of costs, which is -$250 minus -$438, resulting in a difference of $188.
Based on this analysis, it is clear that alternative A maximizes the difference of the present value of benefits minus the present value of costs, as it yields a larger negative difference of -$188. Therefore, alternative A would be preferred in this scenario.
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\( [Q: 12-2603729] \) The publisher Reed Elsevier uses a mixed-bundling pricing strategy. The publisher sells a university access to a bundle of 930 of its journals for \( \$ 1.7 \) million for one ye
Reed Elsevier, a publisher of journals, has implemented a mixed-bundling pricing strategy. They offer universities a bundle of 930 journals for a one-year period at a price of $1.7 million. In this strategy, the university cannot select specific journals and must accept the entire bundle as offered.
Mixed-bundling involves combining various product and service types into a single package price. It often includes offering a discount for purchasing a certain number of items together. By providing a package price that is lower than the total cost of the individual items purchased separately, mixed-bundling allows companies to generate revenue and compete more effectively.
According to the Pareto efficiency criterion, mixed-bundling is considered profitable if the package price exceeds the cost of the most expensive product in the bundle. In this case, the package price of $1.7 million exceeds the price of the most expensive journal included in the bundle. This indicates that Reed Elsevier is operating within the parameters of the Pareto efficiency criterion.
While universities must accept the offer for the entire bundle without the ability to choose individual journals, the mixed-bundling pricing strategy has proven to be successful for Reed Elsevier. It allows them to provide a comprehensive collection of journals to universities while offering a bundled price that provides value to both parties involved.
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Consider the following alternate#2 Hypothetical Chronology for Adams (A) v Lindsell (L): Sept Sept 5 8 Sept 2 L mails offer letter to A L's offer letter is received by A, who immediately posts L receives A's acceptance Letter Sept 9 L sells goods to a 3rd party stipulating acceptance "by acceptance letter notice in writing" Key Questions: Q1. On what date, if any, would a contract have been formed? How do you know? Q2. On what date, if any, would BoC have taken place? How do you know?
The question states that L sells goods to a third party, stipulating acceptance by acceptance letter notice in writing.
On what date, if any, would a contract have been formed How do you know On , L mailed an offer letter to A. The postal rule applies to this instance, as the acceptance was through the post. This means that the acceptance of the offer is valid when it was mailed (Routledge v Grant (1828)).
A's letter of acceptance was immediately posted on Sept 5 as well, and since the postal rule is in place, it would mean that a contract was formed on On what date, if any, would BoC have taken place How do you know BoC only takes place once the buyer has accepted the goods, and it is not the same as the formation of the contract.
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which of the following best describes ownership in severalty? select one: a. several persons own one piece of real property. b. one person owns several pieces of real property. c. one person alone owns real property. d. property owned by several members of the same family.
One person alone owns real property. Ownership in severalty is an aspect of real estate ownership that involves an individual entity owning a property, free from all forms of joint ownership. In other words, severalty ownership occurs when a single person or legal entity is the sole owner of a particular real property.
Severalty is also referred to as sole ownership, and it is the most common form of real estate ownership. The term comes from the word "sever," which means to separate, thus indicating that the owner is a separate and distinct entity. When one person alone owns real property, they are said to own it in severalty or to hold it in severalty. The owner has complete control over the property and can do whatever they like with it.
The best option that describes ownership in severalty is "one person alone owns real property." In this form of real estate ownership, the owner has complete control over the property and can do whatever they like with it. Severalty ownership is the most common form of real estate ownership, and it is characterized by a single person or legal entity owning a particular real property, free from all forms of joint ownership.
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Jacqueline invested the profit of her business in an investment fund that was earning 2.50% compounded monthly. She began withdrawing $2,000 from this fund every 6 months, with the first withdrawal in 5 years. If the money in the fund lasted for the next 6 years, how much money did she initially invest in the fund? $ Round to the nearest cent
Jacqueline initially invested $92,185.95 in the fund. She began withdrawing $2,000 from this fund every 6 months.
The present value of the amount of money she initially invested in the fund can be calculated as follows:
PV = PMT [((1 + r)n – 1) / r(1 + r)n] - FV / (1 + r)n
where
PV = present value
PMT = regular payment
r = interest rate
n = number of payment periods
FV = future value
Here, the regular payment is $2,000, the interest rate is 2.50% compounded monthly, the number of payment periods is 12, and the total number of payments made by her is 12 + 12 = 24 as she made a withdrawal every 6 months and withdrew 2,000 dollars every time. Also, since she began withdrawing after 5 years, the total number of years for which the fund would last is 5 + 6 = 11 years.
Now, substituting all the values in the formula, we get:
PV = 2,000 [((1 + 0.025 / 12)24 – 1) / (0.025 / 12)(1 + 0.025 / 12)24] - 0 / (1 + 0.025 / 12)24
PV = $92,185.95
Therefore, Jacqueline initially invested $92,185.95 in the fund.
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Which of the following will cause the long run aggregate supply curve to shift to the right? a. An increase in the average level of education of workers (human capital) in the economy. b. An unanticipated increase in the rate of inflation. c. An increase in the minimum wage. d. A tax rebate which gives everyone $100 to spend on whatever they want.
Therefore, among the given options, the following factor can cause the Long Run Aggregate Supply curve to shift to the right.
Long Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) is the total output that the economy produces, which is in line with the natural level of unemployment. Shifts in the LRAS curve occur in response to various variables that are either positively or negatively impacting productivity.
The LRAS curve can shift to the right when an economy can produce more goods and services at every price level. An increase in the average level of education of workers (human capital) in the economy Explanation:When there is an increase in the average level of education of workers.
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1. Tell us if your personality is a good fit for your present job. Are you planning to search a new job?
2. Share your present sources of stress or make a recommendation for a classmate who is stressed.
3. Are you agree that a leader’s sense of humour is important in dealing with stressful situations in an organisation?
4. How frequently does the structure of your organisation change? Why are they altering the structure or why don’t they alter the structure?
5. Share a story of how an organisation’s culture suggests that employees are assigned to certain gender-related roles.
If you feel that your personality is not a good match for your current job, you may want to consider searching for a job that is a better fit for you. Some sources of stress can include work overload, personal problems, and financial issues.
To reduce stress, it is recommended to practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation, exercise regularly, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and seek support from friends and family. For a classmate who is stressed, it is recommended to listen to them without judgment, encourage them to take breaks, and suggest professional help if necessary. Yes, a leader's sense of humor can be important in dealing with stressful situations in an organization. Humor can help to break tension and reduce stress levels, and it can also help to create a positive and productive work environment.
However, it is important to use humor appropriately and not offend or alienate employees. The frequency of structure changes in an organization can vary depending on the company's goals, size, and market. Changes may be made to adapt to changing business needs, improve efficiency, or respond to new trends or technologies. Alternatively, an organization may choose not to change its structure if it is working effectively and there are no major reasons to alter it.5. One example of an organization's culture suggesting gender-related roles is in the tech industry, where men are often assigned to technical roles while women are assigned to administrative or support roles. However, many organizations are making efforts to address this issue and create more inclusive cultures that promote diversity and equality in the workplace.
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balance the following chemical equations: a. li( s) o2 ( g)→ li2o(s) b. tic l 4 (s) h2o (l)→tio2 (s) hcl(aq) c. n h4 no3 (s) →n2 ( g) o2 ( g) h 2o(g) d. alcl3 ( s) c a3n2 (s) → aln (s) cac l 2 (s)
The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is 2AlCl3(s) + 3Ca3N2(s) → 6CaCl2(s) + 2AlN(s).
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction: Li(s) + O2(g) → Li2O(s)
The unbalanced equation:
Li(s) + O2(g) → Li2O(s)
The balanced equation:
4Li(s) + O2(g) → 2Li2O(s)
The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is 4Li(s) + O2(g) → 2Li2O(s).
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
TiCl4(s) + H2O(l) → TiO2(s) + HCl(aq)
The unbalanced equation: TiCl4(s) + H2O(l) → TiO2(s) + HCl(aq)
The balanced equation: TiCl4(s) + 2H2O(l) → TiO2(s) + 4HCl(aq)
The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is TiCl4(s) + 2H2O(l) → TiO2(s) + 4HCl(aq).
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
NH4NO3(s) → N2(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(g)
The unbalanced equation: NH4NO3(s) → N2(g) + O2(g) + H2O(g)
The balanced equation: NH4NO3(s) → N2(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(g)
The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is NH4NO3(s) → N2(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(g).
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction: AlCl3(s) + Ca3N2(s) → AlN(s) + CaCl2(s)
The unbalanced equation: AlCl3(s) + Ca3N2(s) → AlN(s) + CaCl2(s)
The balanced equation: 2AlCl3(s) + 3Ca3N2(s) → 6CaCl2(s) + 2AlN(s).
The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is 2AlCl3(s) + 3Ca3N2(s) → 6CaCl2(s) + 2AlN(s).
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The sales tax on a $20 hammer is 7% or $1.40. Why is this tax a bigger burden for josh, who has $15,000 income, than for aaron, who has $150,000 income.
For Josh, the sales tax reduces his disposable income by 0.009% ($1.40/$15,000), while for Aaron, it reduces his disposable income by only 0.0009% ($1.40/$150,000). Therefore, the sales tax is a bigger burden for Josh, who has a lower income, than for Aaron, who has a higher income.
The sales tax on a $20 hammer is the same for Josh and Aaron at $1.40. However, the burden of the tax is greater for Josh because he has a lower income compared to Aaron.
Let's look at how the tax affects their disposable income, which is the amount of money they have left after taxes and other expenses:
Josh's disposable income:
- Income: $15,000
- Sales tax on $20 hammer: $1.40
- Disposable income after tax: $15,000 - $1.40 = $14,998.60
Aaron's disposable income:
- Income: $150,000
- Sales tax on $20 hammer: $1.40
- Disposable income after tax: $150,000 - $1.40 = $149,998.60
As you can see, the sales tax on a $20 hammer has a bigger impact on Josh's disposable income compared to Aaron's. For Josh, the sales tax reduces his disposable income by 0.009% ($1.40/$15,000), while for Aaron, it reduces his disposable income by only 0.0009% ($1.40/$150,000). Therefore, the sales tax is a bigger burden for Josh, who has a lower income, than for Aaron, who has a higher income.
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Av at 1 January 2019 a firm had a provision for bad and doubtful debt of th, 28,000. As at 31 lembur 2015, the m The management has decided to maintain a provision for bad and doubthe debt of 4% of dessus o w be debt in the income statements for the year ended 31 December 2019
A provision for bad and doubtful debts can be defined as a reserve that a company establishes to cover the expected losses from uncollectable accounts.
A provision for bad and doubtful debts is established by a company to minimize the impact of unpaid customer debts on its financial statements. Provision for bad and doubtful debt helps a company to record its anticipated losses as a current expense. It is recorded in the income statement as an expense line item. Hence, at 1 January 2019, a firm had a provision for bad and doubtful debt of £28,000. As at 31 December 2019, the management has decided to maintain a provision for bad and doubtful debt of 4% of debt.
Therefore, £28,000 is the existing provision for bad and doubtful debt. By the end of 31 December 2019, the management of the company has made a provision for bad and doubtful debt equal to 4% of the company's total debt. The provision for bad and doubtful debts has the effect of lowering the value of the company's assets and thereby lowering the value of the shareholders' equity as well. The company records the provision for bad and doubtful debts as a current expense in its income statement for the year ended 31 December 2019.
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The following information is available for Oriole Inc., a company whose shares are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange:
Net income for 2023 $149,000
Average market price of common shares during 2023 (adjusted for stock dividend) $18
December 31, 2023 (fiscal year end) market price of common shares $18
Income tax rate for fiscal year 2023 30 %
Transactions in common shares during 2023: Change Cumulative shares
Jan. 1, 2023, common shares outstanding 70,200
Mar. 1, 2023, issuance of common shares 10,200 80,400
June 1, 2023, 10% stock dividend 8,040 88,440
Nov. 1, 2023, repurchase of common shares (10,200 ) 78,240
Other information:
1. For all of the fiscal year 2023, $110,000 of 6% cumulative convertible bonds have been outstanding. The bonds were issued at par and are convertible into a total of 10,400 common shares (adjusted for the stock dividend), at the option of the holder, at any time after issuance.
2. Call stock options for 20,600 common shares have been outstanding for the entire 2023 fiscal year and are exercisable at the option price of $23 per share (adjusted for the stock dividend).
3. For all of the fiscal year 2023, $110,000 of 4% cumulative convertible preferred shares have been outstanding. The preferred shares are convertible into a total of 15,600 common shares (adjusted for the stock dividend) at the option of the holder at any time after January 2028.
(a) Determine the weighted average number of common shares that would be used in calculating earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2023. (Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.)
Weighted average number of common shares enter the weighted average number of common shares rounded to 0 decimal places shares
The weighted average number of common shares for Oriole Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2023, is 78,240 shares.
To calculate the weighted average number of common shares for Oriole Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2023, we need to consider the changes in the number of common shares throughout the year. Here are the steps to determine the weighted average:
1. Start with the common shares outstanding on January 1, 2023, which is 70,200 shares.
2. Add the common shares issued on March 1, 2023, which is 10,200 shares, resulting in a cumulative total of 80,400 shares.
3. Consider the 10% stock dividend issued on June 1, 2023. Multiply the cumulative total shares (80,400) by 10% to get 8,040 additional shares. Add this to the cumulative total, resulting in 88,440 shares.
4. Deduct the repurchased shares on November 1, 2023, which is 10,200 shares. This brings the total to 78,240 shares.
To calculate the weighted average, we need to multiply the number of shares for each period by the proportion of the year they were outstanding. In this case, the shares were outstanding for the entire year, so the proportion is 1 for each period.
Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares for the year ended December 31, 2023, is 78,240 shares.
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What key steps are necessary to employ CCPM as a method for controlling a firm’s portfolio of projects?
Employing Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) as a method for controlling a firm's portfolio of projects involves identifying the project portfolio, defining dependencies, estimating durations, implementing buffer management, allocating resources effectively, continuously monitoring and controlling projects, and striving for continuous improvement.
To employ Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) as a method for controlling a firm's portfolio of projects, several key steps are necessary. Here is a step-by-step explanation:
1. Identify the project portfolio: Determine the projects that need to be managed using CCPM. This involves understanding the goals, objectives, and constraints of each project.
2. Define the project dependencies: Identify the relationships and dependencies between different projects in the portfolio. This will help determine the critical chain, which is the longest sequence of dependent tasks across all projects.
3. Estimate task durations: Accurately estimate the time required to complete each task in the project portfolio. Consider uncertainties and potential delays when estimating durations.
4. Buffer management: Create buffers to protect the project schedule from uncertainties and variations in task durations. There are three types of buffers in CCPM: project buffer, feeding buffer, and resource buffer. Proper management of these buffers is crucial to maintain project timelines.
5. Resource allocation: Ensure the availability of necessary resources for each project. Allocate resources efficiently to prevent resource conflicts and maximize productivity.
6. Continuous monitoring and control: Regularly monitor the progress of projects, focusing on the critical chain. Identify any deviations from the planned schedule and take corrective actions to keep projects on track.
7. Continuous improvement: Review and analyze project performance to identify areas for improvement. Use lessons learned to refine the CCPM process and enhance future project management practices.
Therefore, employing CCPM as a method for controlling a firm's portfolio of projects involves identifying the project portfolio, defining dependencies, estimating durations, implementing buffer management, allocating resources effectively, continuously monitoring and controlling projects, and striving for continuous improvement. These steps help improve project performance and ensure successful project completion within the portfolio.
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Companies face many opportunities to enter into collaborations with other companies to bring products to market. How can accounting help point to tentative conclusions about whether a company should d
Accounting can help point to tentative conclusions about whether a company should enter into collaborations by providing insights on financial health, costs, benefits, risks, performance, and tax implications associated with such ventures.
Accounting plays a crucial role in providing information and insights that can help companies make informed decisions about entering into collaborations with other companies. Here are some ways in which accounting can assist in drawing tentative conclusions:
1. Financial Analysis: Accounting provides financial statements and reports that allow companies to assess their financial health. By analyzing factors such as revenue, expenses, profitability, and cash flow, companies can evaluate their ability to invest in collaborations and the potential financial benefits they may derive from such ventures.
2. Cost-Benefit Analysis: Accounting helps in identifying the costs associated with collaborations, including expenses related to research and development, marketing, distribution, and production. By comparing these costs to the expected benefits and potential revenue streams, companies can gauge the viability and profitability of the collaboration.
3. Risk Assessment: Accounting helps in assessing the potential risks associated with collaborations. Companies can use financial data to evaluate the financial stability, creditworthiness, and track record of potential partners. Additionally, accounting information can assist in analyzing potential risks such as legal and regulatory compliance, reputational risks, and potential conflicts of interest.
4. Performance Measurement: Accounting provides tools for monitoring and measuring the performance of collaborations. Through financial metrics such as return on investment (ROI), return on assets (ROA), and key performance indicators (KPIs), companies can track the progress and success of the collaboration. This information can help in making informed decisions about continuing or terminating the partnership.
5. Tax Implications: Accounting helps in assessing the tax implications of collaborations. By considering factors such as tax regulations, transfer pricing, and potential tax incentives, companies can evaluate the impact on their overall tax liabilities. This analysis aids in understanding the financial implications of collaborations from a tax perspective.
In conclusion, accounting plays a vital role in providing relevant financial information that allows companies to evaluate the potential benefits, costs, risks, performance, and tax implications associated with collaborations. By leveraging accounting data and analysis, companies can make informed decisions about whether to enter into collaborations and bring products to market.
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Sonic, Inc. is planning to produce 2.500 units of product in 2019. Each unit requires 3 pounds of materials at $6 per pound and a half hour of labor at $16 per hour. The overhead rate is 75% of direct labor.
(a)
Compute the budgeted amounts for 2019 for direct materials to be used, direct labor, and applied overhead.
Direct Materials
$
Direct Labor
Overhead
$
Standard cost per unit = Direct material + Direct labor + Overhead= $18 + $8 + $12= $38Therefore, the standard cost of one unit of product is $38.
Given that Sonic, Inc. is planning to produce 2,500 units of product in 2013. Each unit requires 3 pounds of materials at $6 per pound and a half-hour of labor at $16 per hour. The overhead rate is 75% of direct labor. We have to compute the budgeted amounts for 2013 for direct materials to be used, direct labor, and applied overhead. And also, we need to compute the standard cost of one unit of product. Direct material: Calculation of direct material is as follows: Direct material per unit = 3 pounds Material cost per pound = $6.
Therefore, direct material cost per unit = 3 × $6 = $18. Budgeted amount for 2013 for direct materials to be used= Direct material per unit × Number of units to be produced in 2013= $18 × 2,500 units= $45,000Direct Labor: Calculation of direct labor is as follows: Direct labor per unit = 0.5 hour Labor cost per hour = $16Therefore, direct labor cost per unit = 0.5 × $16 = $8Budgeted amount for 2013 for direct labor to be used= Direct labor per unit × Number of units to be produced in 2013= $8 × 2,500 units= $20,000Overhead:Calculation of overhead is as follows: Overhead rate = 75% of Direct labor= 75% of $16= 0.75 × $16= $12.
Budgeted amount for 2013 for overhead to be used= Overhead rate × Number of hours used= $12 × 1,250 hours= $15,000Standard cost per unit: The calculation of the standard cost of one unit of the product is as follows: Standard cost per unit = Direct material + Direct labor + Overhead= $18 + $8 + $12= $38Therefore, the standard cost of one unit of product is $38.
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When banks keep a fraction of each deposit in reserve and use
the rest to extend new loans, what happens to the money supply?
a.
nothing, the currency is taken out of circulation and then
reinser
When banks keep a fraction of each deposit in reserve and use the rest to extend new loans, the money supply increases. Banks keep a fraction of each deposit in reserve and use the rest to extend new loans.
This is known as fractional reserve banking. The creation of loans and deposits by banks is referred to as money creation.Money creation is an essential part of the economy and an important function of banks. Banks can create money by making loans to borrowers.
When a bank makes a loan, it creates a deposit in the borrower's account, which is a new liability for the bank and an increase in the money supply. This is how money is created in the modern economy.Banks are required to keep a certain percentage of their deposits in reserve with the central bank.
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Which theory of political economy (i.e. economic liberalism,
mercantilism, or structuralism) best explains the global economy as
it currently exists? Why/what factors effect this?
A range of other factors also influence the global economy, including globalization, technological change, environmental degradation, and geopolitical tensions.
The theory of political economy that best explains the global economy as it currently exists is structuralism. Structuralism emphasizes the role of historical, political, and social factors in shaping economic development and rejects the idea that the market is inherently efficient.
In contrast, economic liberalism emphasizes the importance of free markets and private enterprise in achieving economic growth, while mercantilism emphasizes the role of the state in promoting exports and protecting domestic industries.
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