Basaltic lava erupts within the rift, forming ____________ on the seafloor. Other magma solidifies within fissures, forming ____________.

Answer: D, E, B

Explanation:

Ecuador, Chili, and Buenos Aires were the first to achieve independence due to their distance from Lima, Peru, the center of Spanish control. Thus options B, D, and E are correct.

A person, continent, county, or country is said to be independent when its citizens—or a subset of them—exercise identity and, typically, sovereign rights its region. The condition of a dependent region is the antithesis of freedom.

According to their remoteness from Lima, Peru, and seat of Spanish rule, Ecuador, Chile, and Buenos Aires remained the fastest to declare independence. gained independence for the remainder of Latin America, which were thereafter preceded by revolutionary movements by their own.

By the time Spain had removed Joseph from power in 1813, the majority of its former colonies had proclaimed their independence. This act provided the ideal pretext for departure. Therefore, option B, D, and E is the correct option.

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Liquids exert pressure that rises with depth. As a result, the walls are under increased pressure as the depth increases. Because of this, walls are built thicker at the bottom to withstand the pressure that water exerts.

With depth, the dam's water storage pressure rises. Therefore, the dam's bottom has been widened to accommodate the rise in water pressure.

The cause is that a liquid exerts more pressure the deeper it is. Consequently, the water's pressure on the dam's wall grows as the depth does. The thickness of the dam was increased toward the bottom since a thicker wall is needed to bear more pressure.

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The temperatures of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere are most affected by the greenhouse effect. This is because some of the sun's infrared radiation penetrates the atmosphere, but most is absorbed by greenhouse gas molecules and clouds and reemitted in all directions. This effect is a warming of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.

Human activities are responsible for the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. Over the past century, the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil has increased the level of carbon dioxide ([tex]CO_{2}[/tex]) in the atmosphere. This increase occurs because carbon combines with oxygen in the air to produce [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] during the process of burning coal or oil.

*Questions should have several options that students must choose from. Otherwise, simply remove the "select all that apply" statement

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Tsunamis can occur when a landslide displaces water from above or below. Tsunami generation is determined by the amount of landslide material that displaces the water, its speed, and the depth to which it moves.

When the downward driving stress of a submarine landslide exceeds the resisting stress of the seafloor slope material, movement along one or more concave to planar rupture surfaces occurs.

When a submarine slides, it can push water into a sea-surface bulge ahead of its path, causing a tsunami to form. A submarine slide can cause a depression in the sea floor above the slide. When water rushes in to fill the depression, it can cause a tsunami to form.

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The region that linked Ancient Egypt to the African lands south of the Sahara is called Nubia.

Nubia is a region along the Nile river that encompasses the area between the first cataract of the Nile and the confluence of the White and Blue Niles.  Hence, it lies between the place of Ancient Egypt and the rest of the lands south of the Sahara.

Eastward, Nubia encompasses the land until the shores of the Red Sea, while westward it lies to the Libyan Desert. It's protected by mountains and deserts as natural barriers.

This region was traditionally divided into two major regions:

Nubia region contains plenty of natural resources, such as iron and gold ore.

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Radial is the streams in this sort of drainage system emanate from a central high point. The Amarkantak range in India contains examples of these drainage systems.

Drainage system is defined as a method for improving productivity by the drainage of water onto or into the soil. System of sustainable drainage created to lessen the possible effects of development.

The type that occurs most frequently has a dendritic drainage pattern, which is similar to the branching structure of tree roots. Any topographic feature created by the uneven wearing away of rocks and the subsequent deposition of the resulting debris under the influence of exogenous geomorphic forces is referred to as a structural landform or structurally controlled pattern.

Thus, radial is the streams in this sort of drainage system emanate from a central high point. The Amarkantak range in India contains examples of these drainage systems.

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The explosive eruptions tend to build up composite volcanoes.

An explosive eruption is the worst volcanic eruption. This eruption occurs when thick magma is mixed with gas under the ground so that it will foam when it is ejected and cause volcanic ash when an eruption occurs. The possibility of an eruption becomes more violent when there is a blockage in the magma channel. Composite volcanoes tend to occur as a result of explosive eruptions, namely when magma pressure increases to come out to the earth's surface accompanied by gas pressure which further increases the eruption. The eruptions that occur in these composite volcanoes can become violent eruptions that affect a wider area.

In conclusion, explosive eruptions tend to build up composite volcanoes.

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The oceanic crust is created as magma rises upwards to fill the spaces between diverging tectonic plates under the surface of the earth and is consumed in subduction zones below. It is comparatively pretty new to the continental crust, with a mean age of 60 million years, and is thin, averaging 6.5 to 7 km in thickness. The oceanic crust consists of almost exclusively extrusive basalt, which is a type of rock and its intrusive correspondents.

Continental crust is majorly composed of granites in composition and, with a density of about 2.7 to 3 grams per cubic cm, is comparatively lighter than oceanic crust in its composition and has a density of about 2.9 to 3 grams per cubic cm.

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The formation of a supercontinent is associated with continental collisions and increased rates of chemical weathering and erosion, both of which remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and cause climate cooling.

Global cooling was a theory, popularized in the 1970s, that the Earth was about to cool, resulting in a period of extensive glaciation due to the cooling effects of aerosols or orbital forcing. In the 1970s, some press reports speculated about continued cooling; however, these did not accurately reflect the scientific literature of the time, which was generally concerned with warming from an enhanced greenhouse effect.

Volcanic ash, sea salt, and desert sand can all function as aerosols capable of cooling the climate. However, according to IPCC data, suspended particles produced or associated with human activities, such as those emitted by vehicles or the combustion of fossil fuels, are primarily responsible for the cooling effect.

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scale = 50ft/in

H = 50(.25)

H =  12.4 ft;

Thus,  slope = 1/12.5*100% = 8%

All the locations with the same height above sea level are depicted by contour lines. They also provide information regarding the land's slope. The lines are closely spaced on an incline. They see how all the land that is the same height is connected by contour lines.

A steep slope is shown by contour lines that are clustered together more closely on a map. Context lines can be thought of as the separation between each incline. The slope of a hill increases with the distance between inclines. In contrast hand, the lines that are spaced more apart typically point to a dip in the landscape.

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Metamorphic rocks includes various types of foliated and non-foliated rocks. To determine a rock on foliation basis one should to identify the presence or absence of mineral crystals on it. Option A is correct.

Foliation is also refer to ​gneissic banding​, under which it look like bands of light and dark layers. Any rock that contains more than one kind of mineral that exhibits gneissic banding over it.

Foliation appears when the high pressure squeezes the flat or elongate minerals within a rock so they become more aligned. Or in other words we can say that it occurs when pressure forcefully compress the minerals within a rock to align in an elongate or flat way.

Thus, foliation represents the identification process of minerals on metamorphic rock, hence the option A is correct.

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Hi I Hope You're Doing Well <3

The Answer Is Temperature, Pressure, And The Original Type of Rock

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If You Need With The Rest Of The Question's I Got You Covered :) This Is From 4.13 Quiz: Metamorphic Rocks - K12 (First Attempt Questions)

Please Look At The Explanation Under All The Question's And Answers

Question 2: What Changes Igneous Or Sedimentary Rock Into Metamorphic Rock?

-Answer: Heat And Pressure

Question 3:  Which Kind Of Rock Requires Heat and Pressure To Form?

-Answer: Metamorphic Rock

Question 4: Which Of These Is Metamorphic Rock Formed From Limestone?

-Answer: Marble

Question 5: Quartzite Is a Coarse-Grained Rock Derived From Sandstone. What Type Of Rock Is Quartzite?

-Answer: Metamorphic

To establish the age of a rock or a fossil, researchers use some type of clock to determine the date it was formed.

A fossil is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-dwelling thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, gadgets preserved in amber, hair, petrified timber, oil, coal, and DNA remnants. Fossils are the preserved stays of an animal, including the animal's bones, or impressions of the animal's activities, which include footprints. Even poop may be taken into consideration as a fossil.

it's crucial to understand that plants can be fossils too! There are 4 primary varieties of fossils, all shaped in an exceptional manner, that are conducive to preserving distinct types of organisms. these are mildew fossils, cast fossils, trace fossils, and genuine form fossils.

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Two key problems for controlled fusion on earth are high temperature and containment.

In the field of physics, a nuclear fusion reaction is a reaction in which two small, unstable nuclei use a large amount of energy in order to form stable nuclei.

A controlled fusion reaction is such a kind of nuclear fusion in which containment i.e extremely controlled environments and high temperatures far beyond the heat of the earth are required to take place.

It is impossible to get the temperature of the Earth to set to a hundred million degrees in order for a controlled fusion reaction to take place along with other containments. Hence, the occurrence of controlled fusion reactions on earth is difficult.

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When comparing the 500-mb pressure surface heights across the southern and northern US, it is apparent that the 500-mb surface height decreases with increasing latitude.

The pattern seen at 500 mb is the same as this one. The 500 mb height pattern frequently resembles a wave. Ridges and troughs are terms used to describe high and low points of waves, respectively. In general, ridges are associated with relatively warm air, whereas troughs are associated with very cold air. Closed contours are another aspect of the 500 mb design that is worth highlighting. A closed contour line is one that constricts in on itself, frequently taking the form of an oval or circle. There are closed highs as well as closed lows.

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Because the spiral arms are where the gas clouds are compressed to form stars, star formation takes place there. The spiral outline is enhanced by the extremely bright, transiting O and B-stars and H II regions surrounding them.

One of the four basic states of matter is gas. Individual atoms, elemental molecules derived from a single type of atom, or complex molecules derived from a number of atoms can all be found in a pure gas. A variety of pure gases are present in a gas mixture such as air.

Gravity is pushing gas and dust to produce stars more quickly in the spiral arms of spiral galaxies than in other regions of the spiral galaxy. This explains why spiral arms of spiral galaxies tend to have more star-forming regions and open clusters of young stars than other regions.

Therefore, Because the spiral arms are where the gases clouds are compressed to form stars,

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The collision and assembly of continents promote global cooling over time scales of millions of years as More mountains create more alpine glaciers that increase Earth's albedo. Thus the correct option is C.

As a result of the cooling efficiency of particles, global cooling was a hypothesis that the Earth will soon cool, ending in a time of severe glaciers. Suspended particles related to or produced by human activity are to responsible for the act.

Over millions of years, the crash and construction of continents encourage global cooling because greater mountains produce more alpine glaciers, which raise Earth's sensitivity.

Therefore, option C is appropriate.

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The missing option of the questions are probably

a.

Greater volcanic activity emits more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

b.

Reduced surface runoff results in fewer calcium ions carried to the oceans

c.

More mountains create more alpine glaciers that increase Earth's albedo*

d.

Continental collisions reduce the elevation of mountains, which in turn leads to more clouds and cooler surface temperatures

Oil shale needs to be heated to be extracted.

In the field of geography, oil shale can be described as such a kind of sedimentary rock from which we can extract oil. The extraction process used are the traditional ones which require pumping and heating.

The composition of oil shale has organically rich compounds that can be heated in order to produce oil.

First of all, shale rocks are mined from deep into the surface of the layer of the earth. Then after that, the oil shales are heated. Being organic compounds, after heating, kerogen compounds are extracted from them. Petroleum products are also extracted from shale oil.

The question can correctly be written as:

Fill In The Blank

oil shale ___ . multiple select question.

a) is the same as shale oil

b) is not plentiful in the united states.

c) is composed of organic matter trapped between clay particles

d) needs to be heated to be extracted

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The correct answer (a) Drumlin

In the classical sense, a drumlin is an elongated hill in the shape of an inverted spoon or half-buried egg formed by glacial ice acting on subsurface unconsolidated till or ground moraine.

The word drumlin is derived from the Irish word droimnn ("littlest ridge") and was first recorded in 1833. Drumlin assemblages are known as fields or swarms; they can produce a landscape that is frequently referred to as having a "basket of eggs topography."

A dungeon is the low area between two drumlins; due to the settling of cold air, dungeons have colder microclimates in the winter.

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Full Question:An elongated, cigar-shaped feature deposited by a continental glacier and oriented parallel to the direction of glacial flow is called a __________________

a.Drumlin*

b.Recessional moraine

c.Kettle lake

d.Kame

In a subduction zone, the lithosphere above the ocean floor slab that is descending is partially melting.

A convergent plate boundary is created when two tectonic plates clash. Subduction is the process of one of the convergent plates moving beneath the other. Where tectonic plates are subducting, deep trenches frequently occur, and subduction zones frequently experience earthquakes as well.

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According to the question given statement is true. western islands and the portions of Europe that reside along the Atlantic coastline benefit from the warm waters of the Ocean Current.

The steady flow or movement of ocean surface water in a dominant direction is referred to as an ocean current. Ocean water is moved by a variety of forces. The wind, temperature, breaking waves, tides, and occasionally underground forces like earthquakes are among them.

Ocean currents are the motions of ocean water brought on by gravity, the Coriolis effect, the density of the water, the sun, and the wind. The magnitude, direction, speed, and shape of ocean currents are all influenced by a variety of forces. The movement of the water can be described as either horizontal (currents) or vertical (downwellings or upwellings).

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Sedimentary rocks provide information about other environments at the Earth's surface. Because of this, they might be the best narrators of past climate, existence, and major events at the surface of the Earth.

Each type of ecosystem has certain processes that take place in it that lead to the deposition of a particular kind of sediment there. According to the idea of unique horizontality, sediments form in essentially horizontal strata. The assumption is that tectonic forces must have been at work when slanted sedimentary layers were positioned where they are now.

According to sedimentary rocks of superposition, sedimentary layers are deposited in series and, unless the entire collection has been grown to appear as over by way of tectonic processes, the layers at the bottom are older than those at the top. According to the inclusions principle, any rock fragments found in a sedimentary layer should be older than the layer itself. For instance, the cobbles in a conglomerate had to be created before the conglomerate itself.

According to sedimentary rocks of faunal succession, species have evolved in a well defined order throughout the course of geological time; as a result, the age of a rock may be determined by identifying the distinctive fossils that are present in it.

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Answer:

the glaciers exist on mountains just like snows

Intrapulmonary pressure rises and falls with the phases of breathing but eventually equalizes with the pressure of the air in the environment. Hence, the relevant option is option (d).

The force created by gases in the lungs' alveoli during respiration is known as intrapulmonary pressure. In other terms, it is the intra alveolar pressure, which is the pressure inside the lungs. The intrapulmonary pressure equalizes to the atmospheric pressure at sea level, which is 760 mmHg, between breaths. As a result, when speaking of respiratory pressures, this typically refers to zero. Thoracic cavity capacity rises and falls during inspiration, lowering intrapulmonary pressure below 760 mmHg. There is a downward pressure here. As a result, according to the principles of pressure, air enters the lungs in accordance with the pressure gradient that is formed (high to low pressure).

In the absence of inspiration, intrapulmonary pressure equals ambient pressure (760 mmHg). The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases during expiration, while the intrapulmonary pressure rises over 760 mmHg. As a result, air leaves the lung following the pressure gradient. When the process of expiration finishes, intrapulmonary pressure equals air pressure (760 mmHg). The intrapulmonary pressure consequently usually drops to zero at the end of each cycle.

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The complete question is mentioned below :

Which of the following pressures rises and falls with the phases of breathing but eventually equalizes with the pressure of the air in the environment?

a. atmospheric pressure

b. intrapleural pressure

c. transpulmonary pressure

d. intrapulmonary pressure

When lower rock strata are deposited over an unconformity without being tilted, the contact is known as a disconformity.

Sedimentary rock on top of sedimentary rock (along each other)

Sequence of Events in Disconformity

1. Sedimentation picks back up, and older rocks' surfaces eventually become buried behind a newer layer of sediment, creating a disconformity.

2. Surface-exposed sedimentary rock is subject to weathering and erosion.

3. The land is raised, or sometimes the sea level falls.

4. Sediment becomes a sedimentary rock after being buried, lithified, and solidified.

5. Underwater, sediment is probably deposited in a horizontal layer.

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Answer:

us this

Explanation:

the answers are in the pdf file

The phenomenon is caused by the gravity of a black hole, which stretched the wavelength of light close to the black hole to longer wavelengths.

A black hole is a location in space where gravity is so strong that nothing but light can escape. Matter has been compressed into a very small space, which is why there is such strong gravity. When a star is dying, this might occur.

Spacetime curvature can become infinite if enough mass is concentrated in a small enough area of spacetime. In this instance, the region's gravity becomes so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape.

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Radioactive potassium, uranium and thorium are the three main sources of heat on Earth.

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The t-test is accurate for a hypothesis test when a simple random sample of size 19 from a population with a normal distribution is used, with a sample mean of 70 and sample standard deviation of 7. So, the suitable option is option (d).

In statistics, the process of hypothesis testing involves putting an analyst's presumption about a population parameter to the test. The methodology the analyst employs will depend on the type of data used and the goal of the study. To determine whether a claim is true, it is examined for plausibility using sample data. These data could originate from a broader population or a process that creates data. In the descriptions that follow, "population" will be used to refer to both of these situations.

An analyst performs hypothesis testing on a statistical sample with the intention of demonstrating the plausibility of the null hypothesis.

Statistical analysts measure and analyse a random sample of the population under study to test a hypothesis.All analysts use a random population sample to test the null hypothesis as well as the alternative hypothesis.

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In descending order of duration, it divides all time into named units of abstract time called eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages. Stratigraphy, the correlation and classification of rock strata, serves as the foundation for the enumeration of these geologic time units.

In general, geological time is divided into four large chunks, or eras, in modern times: Paleozoic (from the Greek, meaning "old life"), Mesozoic (meaning "middle life"), and Cenozoic

"Eons" refer to the largest time periods on the geologic time scale. Eons are broken down into "eras." Periods are the divisions of each era.It is possible to further divide periods into "epochs." The words "early" or "late" may be used by geologists. "Late Jurassic" or "early Cretaceous" are two examples.

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This characteristic differentiate a reverse fault from a normal fault i.e., In a reverse fault, the hanging wall moves up and the footwall moves down.

A typical fault occurs when the rocks above the fault plane, also known as the hanging wall or footwall, shift downward in relation to the rocks below the fault plane, or the footwall. The hanging wall moving up in relation to the footwall is known as a reverse fault.

The primary distinction between normal fault and reverse fault is that whereas reverse fault refers to the upward movement of one side of the fault relative to the other side, normal fault defines the downward movement of one side of the fault with regard to the other side. A fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity that develops as a result of rock mass movement in geology. Large cracks are a result of plate tectonic motions.

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