The thermal conductivity of copper at 300 K is 470.4 Wm K, Calculate the electrical conductivity of copper at 300 K (L-2.45 X10 WOK-2)

The formula you mentioned is known as the dot product formula or the scalar product formula. It is used to find the angle between two vectors u and v.

Let's start by defining the vectors u and v. Suppose we have two vectors u and v in a two-dimensional space.

u = (u1, u2)

v = (v1, v2)

The dot product of these vectors is defined as:

u . v = |u| |v| cos(β)

where |u| and |v| are the magnitudes of the vectors u and v respectively, and β is the angle between the vectors u and v.

Now, let's derive this formula. The dot product of two vectors u and v is given by:

u . v = (u1 × v1) + (u2 × v2)

The magnitude of a vector is given by:

|u| = sqrt(u1² + u2²)

|v| = sqrt(v1² + v2²)

We can use the dot product and magnitude equations to obtain:

cos(β) = (u . v) / (|u| × |v|)

Multiplying both sides by |u| × |v| gives us:

|u| × |v| × cos(β) = u . v

Therefore, we have derived the dot product formula:

u . v = |u| × |v| × cos(β)

This formula can be used to find the angle between two vectors u and v in any two-dimensional or three-dimensional space.

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The complete question is-

Write the proof of the formula

u.v=|u||v|cosβ

Answer:

C. Taste aversion can develop after only one pairing of a stimulus and response.

Explanation:

Taste aversion is a unique type of learned response where an individual develops a strong aversion or avoidance to a specific taste or food after a single pairing of that taste with a negative reaction, such as nausea or illness. This is in contrast to traditional conditioning, where multiple pairings of a stimulus and response are typically required for learning to occur. Taste aversion demonstrates a unique rapidity and specificity in its development, which deviates from the general principles of conditioning.

The intrepid hero has done 2.332 x Joules of work in pushing the crate.

To ascertain the work done by the traveler, we first need to find the power he applied on the case. As per Newton's subsequent regulation, force is equivalent to mass times speed increase, so the power applied by the traveler on the container is:

Force = mass x speed increase = 220 kg x 2  = 440 N

Then, we really want to work out the distance the case was moved. The pilgrim pushed the box a distance of 5.3 km, or 5,300 m.

At long last, we can compute the work done by the pioneer utilizing the equation:

Work = force x distance = 440 N x 5,300 m = 2.332 x 10^6 Joules

Thusly, the valiant legend has done 2.332 x  Joules of work in pushing the case.

The space pilgrim takes care of business on the case by applying a power that makes it speed up. The work done is equivalent to the power duplicated by the distance over which the power is applied. Involving the recipe for force, F=ma, and the given qualities for mass and speed increase, we can ascertain the power applied. Then, at that point, involving the recipe for work, W=Fd, and the given distance, we can ascertain the work done. The work done by the adventurer is 2.332 x  J.

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The time will take a skateboard and dog with force 9N to stop the skateboard and dog is 8 seconds.

The force is defined as the push or pull of an object. The force equals the mass and acceleration of the object obtained from Newton's second law. Acceleration defines the change in velocity by the time taken. The force is defined as the rate of change of momentum and time. Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity and the unit of momentum is Kg.m/s.

From the given,

mass of dog (m) = 24 kg

The initial speed of dog (u) = 3 m/s

mass of skateboard and dog = 3 + 24 = 27 kg.

The final speed of dog (v) = 0 m/s

Force = 9N

time =?

F = dp/dt, rate of change of momentum and time.

F(dt) = dp

dt = (dp)/F

    =(Pf - Pi)/F

Pf is the final momentum and Pi is the initial momentum.

Pi = m×v = 24×3 = 72 kg.m/s²

Pf = m×v = 27×0 =0 kg.m/s²

dt = (0-72)/9

   = 8s

Thus, the time taken to stop the skateboard and dog is 8s.

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If two buses are moving in the same direction with the same velocity, a passenger in one bus would perceive the other bus as being at rest relative to their own frame of reference. This phenomenon is known as relative motion or the principle of relativity.

The reason behind this perception is that both buses are moving with the same velocity. From the perspective of the passenger in one bus, they are also moving at the same speed and in the same direction as their own bus. Therefore, the relative velocity between the two buses is zero, and the passenger perceives the other bus as being stationary.

This perception is similar to how passengers inside a moving train may perceive nearby objects, such as other stationary trains on parallel tracks, as being at rest relative to their own moving train. It's important to note that this perception of relative rest is valid only within the frame of reference of the passenger in one bus. Observers outside the buses, or in a different frame of reference, would see both buses moving with the same velocity.

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Answer: [tex]f=3.125 Hz[/tex]

Explanation:

frequency = 1 / period

[tex]f=\frac{1}{T}[/tex]

[tex]f=\frac{1}{0.32}=3.125Hz[/tex]

Therefore, the frequency of the wave is 3.125 Hz.

Magnetic particle separation is a powerful tool for separating particles based on their velocities in a magnetic field, and it has significant practical applications in various scientific and technological fields.

To separate particles of different velocities moving in a magnetic field, one can utilize a technique called magnetic field separation or magnetic particle separation.

This method takes advantage of the fact that charged particles moving in a magnetic field experience a force called the Lorentz force, which acts perpendicular to both the velocity vector and the magnetic field.

The basic principle behind magnetic particle separation is to apply a magnetic field perpendicular to the motion of the particles. The Lorentz force will then cause the particles to curve in different directions based on their velocities and charges.

By carefully controlling the strength and direction of the magnetic field, particles with different velocities can be steered onto different paths and separated.

One common approach to achieve magnetic particle separation is to use a device called a magnetic separator. This device typically consists of a strong magnet or a series of magnets arranged to create a uniform magnetic field.

The particles to be separated are injected into a chamber or a flow system where the magnetic field is applied. As the particles move through the magnetic field, they experience the Lorentz force and deviate from their original trajectory. The degree of deviation depends on their velocity and charge.

By carefully adjusting the magnetic field strength, particle size, and other parameters, it is possible to optimize the separation process and achieve effective separation of particles with different velocities. This technique has various applications in fields such as biomedical research, environmental monitoring, and materials science.

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Answer: Weak or repulsive

Explanation: The amount of electrical force would be weak based on the distance between the two objects.

Based on the data in the table, the two objects will have a repulsive force of medium strength.

This is because the two objects have the same charge, and like charges repel each other. The force is calculated using the following formula:

F = k × (Q₁ × Q₂) / r²

where:

F = force in newtons

k = Coulomb's constant (8.988 x 10⁹ N m²/C²)

Q₁ and Q₂ = charges in coulombs

r = distance between the charges in meters

In this case:

F = medium

k = 8.988 x 10⁹ N m²/C²

Q1 = Q2 = +1 C

r = 10 mm = 0.01 m

Substituting these values into the formula gives:

F = (8.988 x 10⁹ N m²/C²) × (+1 C × +1 C) / (0.01 m)²

= 8.988 x 10⁶ N

Therefore, the two objects will have a repulsive force of medium strength.

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1. Diagram and Variables:

                                   Maximum Height

                                          |

                                          |

                                          |

                                          |

                                          |

                                          |

                                          |

                                          |

                                          |

------------------------ Ground ------------------------>

Variables:

Initial velocity (v₀) = 90 m/s

Launch angle (θ) = 45°

Maximum height (H)

Time of travel at maximum height (t_max_height)

Horizontal displacement at maximum height (d_max_height)

Time of travel at maximum range (t_max_range)

Horizontal displacement at maximum range (d_max_range)

2. For when the round reaches maximum height:

a) Time of travel (t_max_height):

At the maximum height, the vertical velocity (v_y) becomes zero. To find the time it takes for the round to reach the maximum height, we can use the equation for vertical motion:

v_y = v₀ * sin(θ) - g * t

0 = v₀ * sin(θ) - g * t_max_height

Solving for t_max_height:

t_max_height = v₀ * sin(θ) / g

Substituting the values:

t_max_height = 90 m/s * sin(45°) / 9.8 m/s²

Calculating the value:

t_max_height ≈ 6.12 s

b) Horizontal displacement (d_max_height):

The horizontal displacement at maximum height can be calculated using the equation:

d_max_height = v₀ * cos(θ) * t_max_height

Substituting the values:

d_max_height = 90 m/s * cos(45°) * 6.12 s

Calculating the value:

d_max_height ≈ 385.94 m

Therefore, at the maximum height, the time of travel is approximately 6.12 seconds, and the horizontal displacement is approximately 385.94 meters.

3. For when the round reaches maximum range:

a) Time of travel (t_max_range):

To find the time it takes for the round to reach the maximum range, we can consider the symmetry of projectile motion. The time of flight (t_flight) is twice the time it takes to reach maximum height:

t_flight = 2 * t_max_height

Substituting the value of t_max_height:

t_max_range = 2 * 6.12 s

Calculating the value:

t_max_range ≈ 12.24 s

b) Horizontal displacement (d_max_range):

The horizontal displacement at maximum range can be calculated using the equation:

d_max_range = v₀ * cos(θ) * t_max_range

Substituting the values:

d_max_range = 90 m/s * cos(45°) * 12.24 s

Calculating the value:

d_max_range ≈ 868.63 m

Therefore, at the maximum range, the time of travel is approximately 12.24 seconds, and the horizontal displacement is approximately 868.63 meters.

When a mortar is fired at an angle of 45 degrees, it will reach its maximum height in 6.49 seconds and its maximum range in 12.98 seconds. The horizontal displacement of the mortar when it reaches its maximum height will be 413.02 meters, and its horizontal displacement when it reaches its maximum range will be 826.53 meters.

1. To draw a diagram of the described scenario, you can start by drawing a coordinate system. The x-axis represents the horizontal direction, and the y-axis represents the vertical direction. Place the origin (0, 0) at the point of launch. Since the mortar is angled 45 degrees from the horizontal, you can draw a line representing the initial direction of the round at a 45-degree angle from the x-axis.

Next, label the variables along the x and y dimensions. For the x-dimension, you can label the variable as "horizontal displacement" or simply "x." For the y-dimension, you can label the variable as "vertical displacement" or "height" and indicate that it is measured in meters.

2. When the round reaches maximum height:

a)

The time of ascent  can be calculated using the following formula:

time = ( initial velocity * sin(angle)) / acceleration due to gravity

In this case, the initial velocity is 90 meters per second, and the angle is 45 degrees. The acceleration due to gravity is typically considered to be approximately 9.8 meters per second squared.

Plugging in the values:

time = (90 * sin(45)) / 9.8  = 6.49s

b) The horizontal displacement at maximum height is :

horizontal displacement = initial velocity * cos (45) * time of ascent

Plugging in the values:

horizontal displacement=90* cos (45) * 6.49s= 413.02m

3. When the round reaches maximum range:

a) The time of travel can be calculated using the following formula:

time = (2 * initial velocity * sin(angle)) / acceleration due to gravity

The initial velocity and angle remain the same.

Plugging in the values:

time = (2 * 90 * sin(45)) / 9.8= 12.98s

b) The horizontal displacement at maximum range can be calculated using the following formula:

horizontal displacement = (initial velocity^2 * sin(2*angle)) / acceleration due to gravity

Plugging in the values:

horizontal displacement = (90^2 * sin(2*45)) / 9.8= 826.53m

Therefore, A mortar will reach its maximum height and distance when shot at a 45-degree angle in 6.49 and 12.98 seconds, respectively. When the mortar achieves its maximum height, its horizontal displacement will be 413.02 meters, and when it reaches its maximum range, it will be 826.53 meters.

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The term that best describes translational motion along a curved line is option B. curvilinear.

The translational motion refers to the movement of an object in a straight line, where all points of the object move parallel to each other. However, when the motion occurs along a curved path, such as a circle, arc, or any other non-linear trajectory, it is referred to as curvilinear motion.

In curvilinear motion, the object follows a curved path, and the velocity and acceleration vectors change direction as the object moves along the curve. This is different from rectilinear motion, which refers to motion in a straight line.

The rotational motion refers to the movement of an object around an axis or a point, such as the spinning of a wheel or the rotation of a planet. Rotational motion involves objects rotating around a fixed axis rather than moving along a curved line.

General is a broad term that does not specifically describe the type of motion along a curved line. It does not provide any specific information about the nature or characteristics of the motion. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

The Question was Incomplete, Find the full content below :

Which of the following terms best describes translational motion along a curved line?

A. rectilinear

B. curvilinear

C. rotational

D. general

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The image distance is the distance of the image formed to the lens.

option C.

The distance between the point of incidence of a lens and the point where the image is formed is called image distance.

The image distance, that is the distance of the image formed by a lens for a given object distance (u) and the focal length (f) of the lens, is given by the following lens formula;

1/f = 1/v  + 1/u

where;

Thus, based on the formula and explanation given above, we can conclude that object distance is the distance of the object to the lens and image distance is the distance of the image formed to the lens.

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The magnitude of the magnetic field's torque on the loop is 0.034 Nm.

When a current-carrying conductor is put in a magnetic field, it experiences a force known as the Lorentz force, which is proportional to the magnetic field's strength and the current running through the conductor. As a result of this force, a torque is imparted to the conductor, which tends to turn it around an axis perpendicular to the conductor's plane.

The following formula can be used to calculate the torque operating on the conductor:

= NIABsin

where is the torque, N is the number of turns, I is the current, A is the area of the loop, B is the strength of the magnetic field, and is the angle between the magnetic field and the plane of the loop.

If the magnetic field is parallel to the plane of the loop, then θ is equal to 0°, and sinθ is equal to 0.

As a result, the torque formula can be shortened to: = NIAB.

When the numbers for N, I, A, and B are entered into this formula, the magnetic field's torque on the loop is found to be:

= (1)(0.017 A)(π(1 m)²)(0.80 T)τ = 0.034 Nm.

As a result, the magnitude of the magnetic field's torque on the loop is 0.034 Nm.

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In this configuration, the bar-cylinder system is in static equilibrium, which means that the net force and the net torque acting on the system are both zero. The system remains motionless and does not rotate around the peg in hole C because the weight of the cylinder hanging from hole B and the weight of the bar itself create equal and opposite torque around the peg.

To understand why the system is in equilibrium, we can consider the forces and torques acting on the system. Let's assume that the weight of the bar is W, and the weight of the cylinder is also W. When the system is hung in this configuration, the weight of the cylinder hanging from hole B creates a clockwise torque around the peg, while the weight of the bar creates a counter-clockwise torque around the same peg. The two torques cancel each other out, resulting in zero net torque.

The location of the center of mass of the bar at the center of hole D ensures that the weight of the bar acts vertically downward through the center of hole D. Since the peg passes through hole C, the weight of the bar does not act at a distance from the peg, and so it does not create any torque around the peg.

Therefore, the bar-cylinder system remains in equilibrium and does not rotate around the peg in hole C because the weight of the cylinder and the weight of the bar create equal and opposite torques around the peg, resulting in zero net torque. The location of the center of mass of thebar at the center of hole D ensures that the weight of the bar itself does not create any torque around the peg. Hence, the system remains motionless and balanced in this configuration.

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a. When the force = 12 N, mass = 6 kg, the acceleration is a = 2 m/s²

b. When the force = 48 N, mass = 6 kg, the acceleration is a = 8 m/s².

The acceleration of the body is calculated by applying Newton's second law of motion as follows;

F = ma

where;

a = F / m

when the force = 12 N, mass = 6 kg, the acceleration is calculated as;

a = 12 N / 6 kg

a = 2 m/s²

when the force = 48 N, mass = 6 kg, the acceleration is calculated as;

a = 48 N / 6 kg

a = 8 m/s²

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The external force acting on the artillery shell is 2970 x 10⁴N, which is same as the force exerted by the shell on the ship. Both acts in the opposite directions.

Mass of the artillery shell, m = 1350

Acceleration of the artillery shell, a = 2.2 x 10⁴ m/s²

a) The mass of an object is inversely proportional to its acceleration, which is directly proportional to the net force acting onto it.

A moving object accelerates more quickly as the force pushing on it increases. A decline in acceleration is observed when the mass of the object increases.

So, the external force acting on the artillery shell is,

F = ma

F = 1350 x 2.2 x 10⁴

F = 2970 x 10⁴N

b) According to Newton's third law, the magnitude of force exerted by the shell on the ship will be equal to 2970 x 10⁴N, but it will be acting in the opposite direction.

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The statement "Something established by authority as a rule for measurement is called a standard unit" is True.

Something established by authority as a rule for measurement is called a standard unit. Standard units provide a consistent and universally accepted basis for measuring quantities in various fields such as science, engineering, and commerce.

Standard units are essential because they ensure consistency and accuracy in measurements across different contexts and locations. They serve as a reference point for comparing and quantifying physical quantities. By establishing standardized units, authorities promote uniformity and facilitate effective communication and collaboration in scientific research, technological advancements, and global trade.

In the International System of Units (SI), which is the most widely used system of measurement, there are seven base units: meter (length), kilogram (mass), second (time), ampere (electric current), kelvin (temperature), mole (amount of substance), and candela (luminous intensity). These base units are defined based on fundamental physical constants or natural phenomena, providing a reliable and reproducible foundation for measurement.

Standard units are typically defined and maintained by internationally recognized organizations like the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) to ensure global consistency. These organizations establish precise definitions, measurement protocols, and calibration procedures for standard units, often using advanced scientific techniques and technologies.

The use of standard units simplifies scientific research, enables accurate engineering designs, ensures fair trade practices, and facilitates international cooperation. It allows for the seamless exchange of information and data, promotes quality assurance, and supports the development of common standards and regulations in various industries.

In summary, a standard unit is a measurement rule established by authority to provide a consistent and universally accepted reference for quantifying physical quantities. It is a fundamental aspect of scientific progress, technological advancements, and global collaboration.

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The Falcon 9 rocket is so important in today's space exploration world because It's a reusable rocket and has saved money by being reused over 60 times already.

option D.

The Falcon 9 rocket, is developed by SpaceX, and it holds  a significant importance in today's space exploration world due to several key features and achievements, and some of the importance include the following;

From the given options, we can conclude that the Falcon 9 rocket is so important in today's space exploration world because It's a reusable rocket and has saved money by being reused over 60 times already.

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A and B are the correct statements. A. The ‘Moon’ should be 240 steps away from the ‘Earth’. The ‘Earth’ should be 93 steps away from the ‘Sun’.

To create a model of the distances between the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun, we represent one million miles with one step. Based on this model:

A. The ‘Moon’ should be 240 steps away from the ‘Earth’. This is a correct statement, as the distance between the Earth and the Moon is about 240 thousand miles. In the model, we represent each million miles with one step, so the distance between the Earth and the Moon in the model would be 240 steps.

B. The ‘Earth’ should be 93 steps away from the ‘Sun’. This is also a correct statement, as the distance between the Earth and the Sun is about 93 million miles. In the model, we represent each million miles with one step, so the distance between the Earth and the Sun in the model would be 93 steps.

C. The ‘Moon’ should be less than one step away from the ‘Earth’. This statement is incorrect, as the actual distance between the Earth and the Moon is much greater than one million miles. In the model, the distance between the Earth and the Moon would be represented by 240 steps.

D. The ‘Earth’ should be 5 steps away from the ‘Sun’. This statement is incorrect, as the actual distance between the Earth and the Sun is much greater than five million miles. In the model, the distance between the Earth and the Sun would be represented by 93 steps.

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The correct statement is B that explains why the remaining liquid cools when a pupil blows air through it using a straw .

The air  molecules conduct heat from the liquid.   When air is blown through a liquid, the moving air  motes come into contact with the liquid  motes and transfer some of their kinetic energy to them.

This transfer of energy results in the liquid  motes gaining kinetic energy, which in turn causes the liquid to dematerialize  snappily, leading to cooling.  

Also, the air molecules also carry away some of the heat from the liquid's  face, performing in  farther cooling. This process is called convection and involves the movement of liquid due to the temperature differences created by the blown air.  

Thus, Option B, which states that the air  motes conduct heat from the liquid, is the most accurate explanation for why the remaining liquid cools.

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If the coefficient of kinetic friction between Josh's sled and the snow is 0.08, he slides 6.97 meter from the base of the hill.

To find how far from the base of the hill Josh's sled ends up, we need to first find the speed of the sled at the bottom of the hill using the conservation of energy principle,

mgh = (1/2)mv², plugging in the values given in the problem, we get,

m(9.81 m/s²)(3.5 m) = (1/2)mv²

Simplifying and solving for v, we get,

v = √(2gh)

v = √(2(9.81 m/s²)(3.5 m))

v = 8.29 m/s

Now we can use the kinematic equation,

d = vt - (1/2)at, to find how far the sled slides on the horizontal patch of snow before coming to a stop, where d is the distance traveled, v is the initial velocity (8.29 m/s), a is the acceleration due to friction (-μg), and t is the time it takes to come to a stop (which we can find by setting v = 0 and solving for t),

0 = 8.29 m/s - μg*t

t = 8.29 m/s / μg

Substituting this value of t back into the kinematic equation, we get,

d = (8.29)(8.29/μg) - (1/2)μg(8.29/μg)²

d = 6.97 m

Therefore, Josh's sled ends up 6.97 meters from the base of the hill.

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The order of increasing mass is:

An electron < An atomic nucleus < a DNA molecule < a cell.

     An electron is a fundamental particle with a negative charge and has a very small mass of order [tex]10^{-31}\ kg[/tex]. Which makes it the lightest in the group.

     An atomic nucleus consists of protons and neutrons which both individually have larger mass than an electron. The order of magnitude of the nucleus's mass is [tex]10^{-27}\ kg[/tex] or higher.

     A DNA molecule is a polymer chain of nucleotides and it carries genetic information. It contains many atoms, therefore it makes sense that it should have more mass than an atomic nucleus. Each human cell has about DNA of mass of order [tex]10^{15}\ kg[/tex].

     Lastly, A cell has the most mass in the given list since it encompasses everything else in the list.

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Approximately 5.88 grams of steam will pass into the calorimeter to raise the temperature of the system from 0°C to 30°C, assuming no heat loss to the surroundings.

To calculate the mass of steam that will pass into the calorimeter, we need to consider the heat exchange that occurs during the process.

First, we need to determine the heat required to raise the temperature of the water and ice from 0°C to 30°C. We can use the specific heat capacity (c) of water to calculate this:

Heat required for water: Q_water = m_water * c_water * ΔT_water

Where:

m_water = mass of water

c_water = specific heat capacity of water

ΔT_water = change in temperature of water

Given:

m_water = 80 g

c_water = 4.18 J/g°C (specific heat capacity of water)

ΔT_water = (30°C - 0°C) = 30°C

Q_water = 80 g * 4.18 J/g°C * 30°C = 9972 J

Next, we need to consider the heat required to melt the ice at 0°C into water at 0°C. This can be calculated using the heat of fusion (ΔH_fus) of ice:

Heat required for ice: Q_ice = m_ice * ΔH_fus

Where:

m_ice = mass of ice

ΔH_fus = heat of fusion of ice (334 J/g)

Given:

m_ice = 10 g

ΔH_fus = 334 J/g

Q_ice = 10 g * 334 J/g = 3340 J

Now, let's calculate the total heat required:

Total heat required = Q_water + Q_ice

Total heat required = 9972 J + 3340 J = 13312 J

Since we neglect heat loss to the surroundings, this total heat is equal to the heat gained by the steam when it condenses:

Heat gained by steam = m_steam * ΔH_vap

Where:

m_steam = mass of steam

ΔH_vap = heat of vaporization of steam (2260 J/g)

Given:

ΔH_vap = 2260 J/g

Substituting the known values into the equation, we can solve for m_steam:

13312 J = m_steam * 2260 J/g

m_steam = 13312 J / 2260 J/g ≈ 5.88 g

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Answer:

reflect the light

refract the light

The total distance traveled by the block in a one full or complete cycle is  2A.

option C.

If a block on the end of a spring is pulled to position x = A and released. In one full cycle of its motion, it will travel the following distance as shown below;

x = A cos (ωt)

where;

During a half cycle the block will travel a total distance of A.

During another half cycle the block will travel a total distance of A.

The total distance traveled by the block in a one full or complete cycle is calculated as follows;

distance = A + A

distance = 2A

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On one cookie containing 50 calories, you could potentially go approximately 298 meters

Given that one food calorie is equivalent to 4184 joules, we can calculate the total energy in joules contained in the 50 calorie cookie:

50 food calories * 4184 J/calorie = 209,200 joules

Assuming an average efficiency of around 25% (meaning 25% of the energy is effectively used for movement), and a body weight of 70 kilograms, we can use a rough estimation that it takes about 1 joule of energy to move 0.4 meters (based on the energy cost of walking).

Distance = (Energy obtained from the cookie * Efficiency) / (Energy cost per meter * Body weight)

Distance = (209,200 J * 0.25) / (1 J/m * 0.4 m/kg * 70 kg)

Distance ≈ 298 meters

Therefore, on one cookie containing 50 calories, you could potentially go approximately 298 meters

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If the magnification is -4 the the image is larger and is it inverted in nature.

The magnification of the body is given is -4, here the signs show the nature of the image and the numerical value is the times to which the object has been magnified. Here, it is inverted because there is negative sign and it is enlarged as the magnification is more than 1.

Therefore, a magnification of -4 indicates that the image is both inverted and larger than the object. The resultant picture will be a larger, inverted version of the object if it is seen via a lens or mirror with a magnification of -4.

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Answer:

As you travel up through the Earth's atmosphere, the composition of gases changes. Near the Earth's surface, the atmosphere consists mainly of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%) with traces of other gases like carbon dioxide and argon. As you go higher, the amount of oxygen decreases, and the concentration of other gases becomes more prominent, such as helium, hydrogen, and ozone.

The distance of the screen from the mirror should be 60 cm in order to get a sharp image of the object.

To find the distance of the screen from the mirror, we can use the mirror formula:

1/f = 1/v + 1/u

where f is the focal length of the mirror, u is the distance of the object from the mirror, and v is the distance of the image from the mirror.

In this case, the focal length is given as -20 cm (negative sign indicates that the mirror is a concave mirror), and the object is placed at a distance of 30 cm from the mirror. Therefore, we have:

1/-20 = 1/v + 1/30

Solving for v, we get:

v = -60 cm

The negative sign of the image distance indicates that the image is formed behind the mirror, which means it is a virtual image.

Now, to find the distance of the screen from the mirror, we can use the magnification formula:

m = -v/u

where m is the magnification of the image, which is given as -1 in this case (since the image is virtual and inverted), and u is the distance of the object from the mirror.

Substituting the values, we get:

-1 = -60/u

Solving for u, we get:

u = 60 cm

Therefore, the distance of the screen from the mirror should be 60 cm in order to get a sharp image of the object. It's important to note that this solution assumes that the mirror and screen are both perpendicular to the optical axis of the mirror, and that the object is small compared to the size of the mirror. If these assumptions are not true, the solution may be more complex.

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With a velocity of 45 m/s comes in to land at the start of the runway and brakes. The distance the plane will travel before coming to a stop is approximately 22.5a meters if the runway is 275 m long.

To determine how far the plane will travel before coming to a stop, we can use the equations of motion.

Let's assume the initial velocity of the plane is 45 m/s, the distance it travels before coming to a stop is 'd', and the length of the runway is 275 m.

Using the equation of motion:

v² = u² + 2as

where 'v' is the final velocity, 'u' is the initial velocity, 'a' is the acceleration, and 's' is the distance traveled.

Since the plane comes to a stop, the final velocity 'v' is 0 m/s.

Therefore, the equation becomes:

0 = 45² + 2a * d

Rearranging the equation, we get:

2a * d = -45²

d = (-45²) / (2a)

To find the value of 'a', we can use the equation:

a = (v - u) / t

where 't' is the time taken to stop.

Since the final velocity is 0 m/s and the initial velocity is 45 m/s, the equation becomes:

0 = (0 - 45) / t

Solving for 't', we find:

t = 45 / a

Now, substituting the value of 'a' into the equation for 'd', we get:

d = (-45²) / (2 * (45 / a))

Simplifying the expression, we have:

d = (-45² * a) / (2 * 45)

d = -45a / 2

d = -22.5a

Since the acceleration 'a' is negative (opposite direction to the initial velocity), the distance 'd' will also be negative. However, we are only interested in the magnitude of the distance traveled.

As for the time it takes to stop, we can use the equation t = 45 / a, where 'a' is the acceleration. The time taken to stop will be the same as the time taken to decelerate from the initial velocity of 45 m/s to 0 m/s.

In summary, the plane will travel approximately 22.5 times the acceleration distance before coming to a stop, and the time it takes to stop will be 45 divided by the acceleration.

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Answer:

[tex]W_{by}=9.00 \times 10^4 \ J\\\\W_{on}=-9.00 \times 10^4 \ J[/tex]

Option (c) is correct.

Explanation:

[tex]\boxed{\left\begin{array}{ccc}\text{\underline{Work done on/by a gas:}}\\W_{by}=P \Delta V \ or \ \int\limits^{V_f}_{V_0} {P} \, dV \\W_{on}=-P\Delta V \ or \ -\int\limits^{V_f}_{V_0} {P} \, dV \end{array}\right }[/tex]

Given:

[tex]P=1.8 \times 10^5 \ Pa\\\\V_0=1.2 \ m^3\\\\V_f=1.7 \ m^3[/tex]

Find:

[tex]W_{by}=?? \ J\\\\W_{on}=?? \ J[/tex]

(1) - Calculating the change in volume

[tex]\Delta V= V_f-V_0\\\\\Longrightarrow \Delta V=1.7-1.2\\\\\therefore \boxed{\Delta V=0.5 \ m^3}[/tex]

(2) - Calculating the work done by the gas

[tex]W_{by}=P \Delta V\\\\\Longrightarrow W_{by}=(1.8 \times 10^5)(0.5)\\\\\therefore \boxed{\boxed{W_{by}=9.00 \times 10^4 \ J}}[/tex]

(3) - Calculating the work done on the gas

[tex]W_{on}=-P \Delta V\\\\\Longrightarrow W_{on}=-(1.8 \times 10^5)(0.5)\\\\\therefore \boxed{\boxed{W_{on}=-9.00 \times 10^4 \ J}}[/tex]

Options (a) and (d) can be eliminated. Option (b) can be eliminated since there is no negative in front of the answer. This leaves the correct answer being option (c).