Prokaryotes include a variety of bacteria, which can be divided in archaebacteria and the eubacteria. Archaea, have no nucleus and cell organelle, and were considered as extremophiles living in severe environments.
The eubacteria embrace the general forms of bacteria which is a huge cluster of organisms that exist in an extensive range of environments like water, soil, and other organisms (e.g., human pathogens). The largest and most complex prokaryotes are the cyanobacteria, in which photosynthesis evolved
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles. The nucleus, enclosed by a nuclear membrane, contains genetic material which which is different from prokaryotic cells (Bacteria and Archaea). Eukaryotic cells have a variety of cytoplasmic organelles and cytoskeleton.
In eukaryotes, the genetic information (contained in nucleus) is structured in a linear rather than circular pattern of DNA molecules. Nucleus is the place of DNA replication and synthesis of RNA.
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How many types of species are there Mcq?
There are several different ways to classify species, but the most widely used method is based on the Linnaean system of classification.
The separates species into different categories based on their physical characteristics and evolutionary relationships. According to this system, there are five major classification of species: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species. Each category is more specific than the one before it, with the species being the most specific. In total, there are approximately 8.7 million known species on Earth, and it is estimated that there may be as many as 1 trillion species on our planet on classification. However, many of these species have not yet been discovered or described by scientists.
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The bacteria on both the positive and the negative control slides are observed to stain pink. This finding will not affect the rest of the slides in the batch.
Select true or false
The bacteria are shown to stain pink on both the positive and negative control slides. The remaining slides in the batch will be impacted by this discovery. So, the given statement is false.
Gram staining is the microbiology procedure where the staining method helps to differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. In this procedure, the Gram-positive organism retains the crystal violet and is observed as blue to purple-stained colonies. While the Gram-negative organism will retain the safranin (counter stain) and is observed as pink colonies.
In a quality control measure, the positive control shows positive results. But the negative control does not give any result and is considered as negative. Therefore, in the given situation there might be any error occurred during the staining procedure. Therefore, the statement is false.
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How do the two members of a pair of homologous chromosomes differ from each other?
The two members of a pair of homologous chromosome differ because they have different alleles of the same gene.
Two chromosomes in a brace, one inherited from the mama and one from the father. For illustration, the two clones of Chromosome 1 in a cell are appertained to as homologous chromosomes. The chromosomes in a homologous brace have the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them, performing in different alleles. Some of the variants in these alleles may have functional counteraccusations , while others may not. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up and recombination occurs between them. This results in gametes with unique combinations of alleles on each chromosome, and therefore unique individualities.
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An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following?
A) Cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure.
B) Cells cannot attach to their hosts.
C) Ribosomes lose their function.
D) The sterols in the cell wall become nonfunctional.
E) The replication of cells, including cancer cells, slows down.
An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis, by this cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure, hence option A is correct.
What is the effect of antimicrobials on cells?Antibiotics are defined as substances that help to stop infections caused by bacteria. It is a process of inhibition of cell wall synthesis of bacteria and is one of the mechanisms used by antibiotics to stop the infection.
Osmotic rupture defines as the no balance between the pressure inside and outside of the cell which causes cells to burst.
Therefore, cells becoming more susceptible to osmotic pressure is the correct option.
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what is the thin layer of connective tissue that must be removed when preparing a lamb loin for roasting?
The elastin proteins in gristle ensure that it will always be rough and chewy, regardless of cooking technique. Because of this, it is customary to trim a beef cut of as much elastin connective tissue, also known as gristle, before cooking or preparing lamb. Another typical protein present in meat is collagen.
Even though meat from young animals can be properly roasted at moderate temperatures, shoulder portions are often prepared using moist heat. Whole shoulder is one of the more substantial cuts of lamb and has a rich flavor and protein. More affordable than leg roast, bone-in shoulder roast can be utilised in a variety of recipes.
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a woman homozygous for the gene mutation that causes cystic fibrosis, with a partner who does not carry the same mutation, has what chance of having a child with the disease?
Answer:
A woman who is homozygous for the gene mutation that causes cystic fibrosis has a 25% chance of having a child with the disease if her partner does not carry the same mutation. This is because the mutation is recessive, so the child must inherit two copies of the mutated gene in order to display the trait. If the woman's partner does not carry the mutated gene, then the child only has a 25% chance of inheriting two copies of the mutated gene and thus displaying the trait.
What are 4 examples of environmental influences?
The 4 examples of environmental influences are temperature, pollution, parasites, and poor infrastructure.
The physical concept of temperature indicates in numerical form how hot or cold something is. One of the most widespread and significant physical elements in an organism's surroundings is temperature. It is a gauge for the typical speed of atoms and molecules moving at random; the greater the temperature, the quicker the action.
Environmental toxins can contribute to conditions like cancer, and lung diseases. Individuals with less income are mainly to reside in contaminated locations and have access to contaminated water. Pollution greatly affects to those who have a weaker immune system, or pregnant women, kinds, and aged people.
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using resources wisely, such as sustainably using trees in a forest (cutting a few and replanting), is an example of which ethic? group of answer choices sustainable preservation anthropocentric conservation
Sustainably using resources, such as trees in a forest, is an example of sustainable preservation ethic.
Sustainable preservation is an ethic that aims to balance the needs of human society and the environment. It emphasizes the responsible use of natural resources, such as forests, so that they can be preserved for future generations. It involves cutting a few trees and replanting them, to ensure that the forest continues to provide resources for human use, while also preserving the biodiversity of the ecosystem.
Sustainable preservation differs from anthropocentric conservation which focuses on the human use of natural resources and the protection of resources that are important to human society, sometimes at the expense of preserving biodiversity.
It's important to note that sustainable preservation is an approach that considers the long-term viability of natural resources, while also considering the needs of the human society, and it's a way to balance the use of resources with preserving the environment.
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which options are examples of actively acquired specific immunity? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
examples of actively acquired specific immunity are recovery from viral diseases, and vaccination with live or non virulent vaccinations.
The immune system's defence mechanism against an infectious disease in medicine. The three types of immunity are innate, adaptive, and passive. Barriers like skin and mucous membranes that prevent dangerous chemicals from entering the body are part of innate immunity.
When the immune system produces antibodies to a disease after being exposed to the disease organism, this is known as active immunity. To develop an active immunity, one can use either innate immunity or vaccine-induced immunity. It is vaccination.
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Crossing over plays a critical role in increasing the genetic variation among offspring of sexual reproduction. It is important to understand how crossing over occurs and its consequences in meiosis. Look carefully at the diagrams depicting different stages in meiosis in a cell where 2n
Answer:
Crossing over is a process that occurs during meiosis, the type of cell division that produces gametes. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes, or chromosomes that carry the same genes, pair up and exchange segments of genetic material. This process is known as crossing over, and it increases the genetic variation among the offspring of sexual reproduction. It is important to understand how crossing over works and its consequences in meiosis. During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and sections of DNA are exchanged between them. This creates new combinations of alleles, or different versions of the same gene, which can be passed down to offspring. As a result, crossing over increases the genetic diversity of the offspring, creating the possibility for more advantageous traits to be passed down.
Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge has been developed from an abandoned airport to restore habitat for six species of birds that require an area rich in tall grasses. Workers must continually remove trees that are beginning to invade the area as a result of (1) direct harvesting (2) genetic engineering (3) evolutionary change (4) ecological succession
An old airfield was converted into the 25, Shawangunk Grasslands Refuge for National Wildlife to help six species of birds who need their habitat restored.
What factors specify a species?A group of creatures known as a biological species can procreate with each other in the wild and give birth to healthy offspring.
How does one recognize a species?Protein characterization is done utilizing immunological, electrophoretical, and chromatography methods. Species identification methods are mostly based on protein and DNA studies.
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f this gene were found to be expressed at different levels in different cells of the same organism, what would be responsible? quizzlet
Answer:
By the sperm cell dividing or by 5 sperm cells enter the egg at the same time
Explanation:
One sperm cell can break down into two to or two sperm cell reach the egg at the same time resulting in either Identical twins (monozygotic) or Fraternal (dizygotic) so that theory explain in Quintuplets
A goat can produce milk containing the same polymers present in the silk produced by spiders when particular genes from a spider are inserted into the goat’s genome. Which of the following reasons describes why this is possible?
answer choices
goats and spiders share a common ancestor and thus produce similar protein excretions
goats retain all the genes that were found in ancestral species and will express these proteins when activated by gene insertion
the proteins in goats milk and spiders silk have the same amino acid sequence
the universal nature of the genetic code allows for the production of identical proteins from different organisms as long as the DNA sequence is identical
According to the statement, about why goats can produce milk, which contains the same polymers present in the silk produced by spiders, it is because, goats retain all the genes that were found in ancestral species and will express these proteins when activated by gene insertion. The correct answer is B.
This means that when a gene from a spider is inserted into the goat’s genome, the goat will express the corresponding proteins in its milk. Since the proteins in spiders’ silk and goats’ milk have the same amino acid sequence, the goat’s milk will contain the same polymers as spiders’ silk.
Goats have been used in biotechnology research for many years, and researchers have found that they can successfully express proteins from other species in their milk. This is made possible by introducing a gene from the other species into the goat’s genome, allowing the goat to produce the corresponding protein in its milk. This technique has been used to produce spider silk proteins in goats’ milk, which is composed of a similar set of amino acid sequences as the silk produced by spiders.
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The grass took in 10000J of solar energy and lost 50000J as waste heat. There were 30000J of energy in its waste products. Calculate the maximum amount of energy passed to an consumer
Answer:
The maximum amount of energy passed to a consumer is 20000J
Explanation:
This is calculated by subtracting the 50000J of waste heat from the 10000J of solar energy, leaving a total of 30000J of energy in the grass's waste products. Subtracting the 30000J of energy in the grass's waste products from the 10000J of solar energy leaves a maximum amount of energy passed to a consumer of 20000J.
In prokaryotic cells, translation begins before transcription is finished. Give two reasons why this would not be possible in eukaryotic cells.Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. Transcription takes place in the nucleus while translation takes place on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells have introns that must be removed from the pre-mRNA before translation can occur.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, whereas translation occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
A single-celled creature called a prokaryote lacks a nucleus as well as other membrane-bound organelles. Aside from the lack of a nucleus, prokaryotes lack mitochondria and the majority of the other membrane-bound organelles which distinguish the eukaryotic cell. It was formerly considered that prokaryotic cellular components inside the cytoplasm were unenclosed, with the exception of an exterior cell membrane, however bacterial microcompartments, thought to just be simple organelles enclosed by protein shells, have been identified, in addition to other prokaryotic organelles.
The bacterial cytoskeleton is much more primitive than the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Apart from actin and tubulin homologues, flagellin, the helically structured building-block of the flagellum, is one of the most important cytoskeletal proteins of bacteria, since it provides structural backdrops for chemotaxis, the primary cell physiological reaction of bacteria.
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describe how differences in channel population influence the shape of the action potential in the nodal, atrial muscle, ventricular muscle, and purkinje fiber cardiac cells.
The shape of the action potential in different types of cardiac cells is influenced by the population of ion channels present in the cell membrane.
Because there are many L-type calcium channels present, the action potential in nodal cells exhibits a sluggish upstroke and a lengthy plateau period.
The action potential in atrial muscle cells has a relatively quick upstroke because of the abundance of fast ion channels and a brief plateau phase because of the abundance of potassium channels.
The action potential in ventricular muscle cells has a comparatively sluggish upstroke because of the abundance of L-type calcium channels as well as a relatively protracted plateau phase because of the abundance of potassium channels.
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In pea plants, the allele for having round peas (R) is dominant over the allele for having wrinkled peas (r). As seen in the Punnett square, a pea plant with RR genotype is crossed with a pea plant with Rr genotype. What should be written in the squares marked 1 and 2
In pea plants, the allele for having round peas (R) is dominant over the allele for having wrinkled peas (r). In a Punnett square, the genotype of one parent is written along the top, and the genotype of the other parent is written along the side.
When a pea plant with RR genotype is crossed with a pea plant with Rr genotype, the Punnett square would look like this:
R - R
R - r
Square 1 would have the genotype of Rr and square 2 would also have the genotype of Rr. The R allele codes for round peas, and the r allele codes for wrinkled peas.
When a pea plant with the genotype RR is crossed with a pea plant with the genotype Rr, the offspring will all have the genotype Rr, which means they will all have the round pea phenotype (R is dominant over r). So, the squares marked 1 and 2 should have Rr written in them.
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which kind of molecule provides buildling blocks for tissues, transports otehr molecules, and helps regulate certain reactions in the body?
Protein provides building blocks for tissues, transports other molecules, and helps regulate certain reactions in the body.
The body utilises the large, complex molecules known as proteins for several vital processes. They are vital to the growth, operation, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs and spend the majority of their time working inside cells.
Transfer RNA is a type of RNA that assembles the protein one amino acid at a time (tRNA). Protein synthesis continues until the ribosome encounters a "stop" codon (a sequence of three nucleotides that does not code for an amino acid).
Lipids, nucleotides, and amino acids are three essential building blocks. Our cells use each to create the more intricate chemicals and structures required for life. However, the processes used to create each of them in contemporary biology are quite dissimilar from those used during the origin of life.
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Which of the following processes and organelles account for the replacement of lipids and proteins lost from the plasma membrane? A)Endocytosis and Golgi B)Active transport and the rough ER C)Receptor-mediated endocytosis and smooth ER and Golgi D)Flip-flop of phospholipids from one side of the plasa membrane to the other and the Goldi E) Exocytosis and smooth ER and rough ER
Answer:
The correct answer is E) Exocytosis and smooth ER and rough ER. Explanation
Explanation:
Exocytosis is a process by which secretory vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and other molecules are released from the cell. The proteins and lipids from the secretory vesicles are used to replace membrane proteins and lipids that are lost from the plasma membrane. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) are organelles that produce the proteins and lipids that are used in exocytosis.
mendal wanted to find out if the color of the seed of a pea plant affected the seed shape. what experiement did he perform to test this idea
Mendal wanted to find out if the color of the seed of a pea plant affected the seed shape. He tested seed color and shape at the same time
The process of genes being passed from parents to children is referred to as inheritance. Genetic qualities are passed down through inheritance from parents to their offspring, who receive all of their parents' genetic material.
Heredity, commonly referred to as inheritance or biological inheritance, is the process by which features are passed down from one generation to the next. The offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic make-up of their parents through sexual or asexual reproduction.
Genetics is frequently used to refer to heredity, which is the passing on of genetic traits from one generation to the next. The passage of genetic features and their manifestation from one generation to the next is shown by inheritance.Mendal is the father of genetics.
Complete question:
mendal wanted to find out if the color of the seed of a pea plant affected the seed shape. what experiement did he perform to test this idea?
A.He tested only heterozygous plants.
B.He tested traits that were not dominant.
C.He tested seed color instead of seed shape.
D.He tested seed color and shape at the same time.
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How can you classify plants? At least 10 ways
Plants classification is based on a two-name system developed by the famous botanist Linnaeus. Each plant is given a first name and last name, generally based in Latin, that is unique to each species.
Why do we classify plants?Plant classification is a system of dividing plants into groups and categories according to characteristics. The system of plant classification is essential to reduce complications or confusions in determining a plant's identity.
The most basic division is between nonvascular plants and vascular plants. Vascular plants are further divided into those that reproduce without seeds and those that reproduce with seeds.
Kingdom Plantae is broadly composed of four evolutionarily related groups: bryophytes (mosses), (seedless vascular plants), gymnosperms (cone bearing seed plants), and angiosperms (flowering seed plants).
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fatty acid biosynthesis depends on the presence of co2 (or hco3-) to generate malonyl-coenzyme a from acetyl-coenzyme a. if a culture of cells is grown in the presence of 14c-labeled bicarbonate, which carbons of the newly synthesized fatty acids would be expected to be radiolabeled?
If a culture of cells is grown in the presence of 14C-labeled bicarbonate, the carbons of the newly synthesized fatty acids that would be expected to be radiolabeled are those that come from the malonyl-CoA intermediate.
The biosynthesis of fatty acids starts with the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA by the addition of CO2 (or HCO3-), a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). This reaction is the committed step of fatty acid biosynthesis, and malonyl-CoA is the precursor for the elongation of fatty acids. Therefore, the newly synthesized fatty acids would have their radiolabeled carbons in the carboxyl group coming from the malonyl-CoA intermediate, which is derived from the bicarbonate that was labeled with 14C.
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What makes fossil fuels so popular?
A. it does not affect the environment to collect the fuels
B. it creates byproducts that can be reused to make more electricity
C. it creates an excess of carbon dioxide to keep the world warm enough for life
D. it is less expensive to produce and distribute than renewable energy
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Because fossil fuels are inexpensive to produce, and distribute. It's not A because fossil fuels are harmful to the environment. Not B because it's not reusable. And it's not C because it won't make the world warm enought for life.
Maggie recorded her observations of the baking soda used in lab today. which observation indicated a chemical
property of the baking soda?
a. the texture is fine crystals.
b. she observes bubbles.
c. the color is white.
d. the substance dissolves.
The observation that indicates a chemical property of the baking soda is: (b) she observes bubbles.
Chemical property of any substance is the one that has the ability to cause some chemical changes in the substance. It changes the chemical bonds of the substances during a chemical reaction that causes the substance to change.
Baking soda is also known by its chemical name sodium bicarbonate. Baking soda can react with an acidic substances that releases carbon dioxide and therefore bubbles are observed. It is widely used in the baking purposes due to its property of chemical leavener.
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which of the following best explains why triploid bananas do not produce seeds? responses the cells of the banana plant are unable to replicate dnadna, thus preventing cell division and limiting growth. the cells of the banana plant are unable to replicate d n a , thus preventing cell division and limiting growth. the banana plants lack enough genetic diversity to properly hybridize. the banana plants lack enough genetic diversity to properly hybridize. the production of gametes is disrupted because of unequal pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. the production of gametes is disrupted because of unequal pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. the production of seeds is not required because triploid plants produce gametes without fertilization.
DNA replication is not possible in the banana plant's cells, which prevents cell division and restricts growth.
Successful seed germination is extremely rare in triploids because they rarely produce eggs or sperm with a balanced set of chromosomes.
Most sterile plants don't produce any fruits, and triploid bananas are sterile. The banana fruit, which is the mammalian equivalent of a placenta without fertilisation or an embryo, is produced without any seeds, however. Bananas are sterile and seedless, like other odd polyploids (with three sets of chromosomes), because one set of chromosomes (A or B) lacks a homologous set to pair with during synapsis of meiosis. Because of this, meiosis is disrupted, and no viable gametes (sex cells) are produced.
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explain how haploid (n) and diploid (2n) cells differ from each other. state which cells in the human body are diploid and which are haploid.
Meiosis is the process by which haploid cells are produced. Mitosis occurs in diploid cells. Haploid cells are exclusively employed for sex cells in higher organisms such as humans.
Except for sex cells, all other cells in higher organisms, such as humans, are diploid. The existence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells is referred to as haploidy. Diploid creatures reproduce sexually (having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent). Only the egg and sperm cells in humans are haploid.
Diploid cells reproduce through mitosis, producing daughter cells that are identical to both the parent cells and each other.
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a jelly-like substance, composed mainly of water, occupying most of the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
what is the probability of obtaining the given genotype in the offspring aabbccdd from the parents aabbccdd x aabbccdd (assume independent assortment of all gene pairs)?
Assuming independent assortment for four monohybrid crosses resulting in heterozygous genotypes is 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/16. Hence, probability is >0.05 and so it is statistically possible some chances of other outcome .
In general, when four genes are not linked to each other, and they are located on site of four different chromosomes. An if any of the four genes are linked, then the observed frequencies would be different from the expected frequencies. So ,If we construct a Punnett square for a monohybrid cross, then probability of the heterozygous outcome is 2:4 or 1/2 or 0.5.
We can also say thar if we have 4 alleles then there can be 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 genotypes possible . Each parent will have four different combinations of alleles in the gametes.
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Which aspects of a region's climate have the most impact on plants and animals?Temperature and moisture are the aspects of a region's climate that have the most impact on plants and animals.
The habitats of plants and animals are determined by factors such as typical temperatures, humidity, and rainfall. Ecosystems in a region change together with climate change.
The effects of climate change on ecosystems, animals, and plants are varied. Discover a few of these effects below.
There are five main categories of vegetation regions: forest, grassland, tundra, desert, and ice sheet. What kinds of plants may grow there depends on a variety of factors including climate, soil, water-holding capacity, and slope.
The quantity of sunshine a location receives, its elevation above sea level, the form of the terrain, and how close it is to seas are just a few of the numerous variables that affect its climate. because more sunlight hits the equator .
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The double bond between a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms (a molecule of carbon dioxide) has two characteristics.
What are they?
A. An ionic bond is formed between the oxygen and carbon atoms.
B. Four valence electrons are shared.
C. Two valence electrons are shared.
D. Valence electrons are shared between oxygen atoms
C and D. Two valence electrons are shared and valence electrons are shared between oxygen atoms.
A double bond between a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms (a molecule of carbon dioxide) is a covalent bond, not an ionic bond. In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons in order to fill their valence electron shells and achieve stability. In the case of a double bond between a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, the carbon atom shares two valence electrons with each oxygen atom. This results in each oxygen atom having a full valence electron shell, and the carbon atom having four electrons in its valence shell. The sharing of these electrons creates a stable molecule of CO2.
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