Describe the types of agency conflict, provide an example to at least one of the types of agency conflict to support your response. Brigham , E. F., & Ehrhardt, M. C. (2020). Financial management: Theory and practice (16th ed.). Cengage Learning.

A youth ranch or camp is a facility that provides a safe and nurturing environment for young people who are in need of support and guidance. The correct answer is D.

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The project's NPV is $8,857.55, which is positive and indicates that the project is expected to generate value for Atlantic Manufacturing.

To calculate the project's NPV, we need to first calculate the annual cash flows for the project. We can do this by subtracting the costs from the sales for each year, and then adding back the depreciation and any changes in net working capital.

Year 1:

Sales: $13,500

Costs: $9,000

Depreciation: $7,480

NWC: $295

Cash Flow: ($9,000) + $13,500 + $7,480 + $295 = $12,275

Year 2:

Sales: $15,000

Costs: $9,500

Depreciation: $10,5

NWC: $1,000

Cash Flow: ($9,500) + $15,000 + $10,572 + $1,000 = $17,072

Year 3:

Sales: $18,000

Costs: $10,500

Depreciation: $3,572

NWC: ($500)

Cash Flow: ($10,500) + $18,000 + $3,572 - $500 = $10,572

Year 4:

Sales: $10,000

Costs: $7,500

Depreciation: $0 NWC: ($295)

Cash Flow: ($7,500) + $10,000 + $0 - $295 = $2,205

Next, we can calculate the present value of each year's cash flows using the required return of 12% and sum them up to find the project's NPV.

NPV = ($12,275 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + ($17,072 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ($10,572 / (1 + 0.12)^3) + ($2,205 / (1 + 0.12)^4) - $22,439

NPV = $8,857.55

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The term used to describe any and all signals a company provides about itself and its products through advertising, packaging, or public relations: marketing communications. The correct answer is C.

Marketing communications refer to the various methods and channels a company uses to convey its messages to target audiences. This can include advertising, public relations, packaging, and other promotional materials designed to create awareness, build brand image, and encourage consumer engagement.

Market segmentation (a) involves dividing a market into distinct groups based on shared characteristics, while product analysis (b) focuses on evaluating the features and performance of a specific product. Social marketing (d) aims to influence behaviors for the benefit of individuals or society as a whole, rather than for commercial gain.

In summary, marketing communications (c) is the correct term to describe any and all signals a company provides about itself and its products through advertising, packaging, or public relations.

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Complete question:

any and all signals that a company provides about itself and its products through advertising, packaging, or public relations are referred to as multiple choice question.

a. market segmentation.

b. product analysis.

c. marketing communications.

d. social marketing.

The journal entries for Tamarisk Company's revenue arrangements, considering the 5% volume discount Net Sales Price = $209, Debit Cash: $58,520, Credit Revenue - Grill Sales: $58,520

For the GM205 contracts:

1. On April 20, 2020, when Tamarisk signed the 10 GM205 contracts and received cash payment:

Debit Cash: $8,590 (10 contracts x $859 each)

Credit Contract Liability: $8,590

2. On May 15, 2020, when the grills were delivered and installed:

Debit Contract Liability: $8,590

Credit Revenue - Grill Sales: $7,440 (10 grills x $744 each)

Credit Revenue - Installation Services: $1,150 (10 installations x $165 each)

For the State of Kentucky grill sales:

1. On April 17, 2020, when Tamarisk delivered and received payment for 280 grills:

Calculate the net sales price per grill, considering the 5% volume discount:

Net Sales Price = $220 x (1 - 0.05) = $209

Debit Cash: $58,520 (280 grills x $209 each)

Credit Revenue - Grill Sales: $58,520

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Price changes alter consumers' Equilibrium consumption bundles, Budget constraints, Preference patterns and Incentives to buy different goods. So, correct options are A, B, C and D.

Price changes can have a significant impact on consumers' behavior and choices. The following options are affected by price changes:

A) Equilibrium consumption bundles: Price changes can shift the equilibrium consumption bundle of a consumer. When the price of a good decreases, it becomes relatively cheaper, which can cause consumers to shift their consumption towards that good, resulting in a change in the equilibrium consumption bundle.

B) Budget constraints: Price changes also affect consumers' budget constraints. When the price of a good decreases, consumers can afford to buy more of that good with their given income. Conversely, an increase in the price of a good can reduce the amount of that good that consumers can afford, leading to a change in the budget constraint.

C) Preference patterns: Price changes can also alter consumers' preference patterns. For example, a decrease in the price of a good can make it more attractive to consumers, leading to an increase in demand for that good.

D) Incentives to buy different goods: Finally, price changes can alter the incentives for consumers to buy different goods. When the price of a good decreases, consumers may be more likely to buy that good over other goods, leading to a shift in demand and potentially altering the overall market equilibrium.

Overall, price changes can have a significant impact on consumers' choices and behavior by altering their equilibrium consumption bundles, budget constraints, preference patterns, and incentives to buy different goods.

So, correct options are A, B, C and D.

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Yes, the government should build the road as the total value of the road is greater than the cost.

The total value of the road is $20 + $40 + $50 = $110, which is greater than the cost of $80. This means that the road will generate a net positive value for society, as the benefits to the consumers outweigh the costs of building it.

When making decisions about public projects, it is important to consider the costs and benefits to society as a whole. Economic analysis can help decision-makers weigh the trade-offs and make informed choices that maximize social welfare.

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When the risk premium (x) goes down, the correct answer is: a. The LM curve shifts to the right. A decrease in the risk premium lowers the cost of borrowing and encourages investment, which increases the demand for money. As a result, the LM curve, which represents the relationship between interest rates and the level of income, shifts to the right.

When the risk premium x goes down, the LM curve shifts to the right. This is because a decrease in the risk premium results in lower interest rates, which leads to an increase in investment and therefore an increase in the demand for money. As a result, the LM curve shifts to the right, representing the new equilibrium point between money demand and money supply.

The IS and PC curves are not directly affected by changes in the risk premium. The IS curve represents the equilibrium in the goods market, and the PC curve represents the relationship between inflation and unemployment. These curves are not directly affected by a change in the risk premium.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

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The examples that best describes the law of supply is When the market price of pens increased, sellers started supplying more pens. (option d).

In economics, the law of supply is a fundamental concept that explains the relationship between the quantity of goods supplied and the price of those goods.

When the market price of pens increased, sellers started supplying more pens. This is because the law of supply predicts that when the price of a good or service increases, suppliers will be incentivized to produce more of that good or service, in order to capture the higher profits that result from the increased price.

When the cost of production decreases, it becomes less expensive for suppliers to produce the good, which can result in an increase in the quantity supplied at any given price.

This is shown as a rightward movement along the supply curve. However, as mentioned earlier, the law of supply itself only describes the relationship between the quantity supplied and the price of a good, holding other factors constant.

So, option (d) is the right one.

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Here are the four different foot movements that you can recognise. The upward motion of the foot towards the tibia is known as dorsiflexion.

Each foot contains seven tarsal bones. Six distinct foot movements are possible thanks to the ankle: dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion, and medial and lateral rotation. Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are the terms used to describe flexion and extension of the ankle, respectively.

A. Plantarflexion while bending your toes to reach a high shelf.

B. Cutting your toenails while digging your heels into the ground: dorsiflexion

C. Pronation, an ankle twist that frequently results in an ankle sprain.

D. Inversion, which involves rotating your ankle to bear weight on the medial side of your foot

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The given statement "Companies generate a goodwill through  social media communications" is false. Because, generating goodwill through social media communications is a qualitative objective and is difficult to measure through quantifiable metrics.

While social media analytics can provide quantitative insights into engagement metrics such as likes, shares, and comments, these metrics alone do not necessarily indicate the success of a company's social media communications in generating goodwill.

Generating goodwill through social media communications involves creating a positive brand image, building trust and loyalty with customers, and establishing a sense of authenticity and transparency in the company's communication.

Qualitative measures such as customer feedback, sentiment analysis, and brand reputation are more useful in assessing whether a company's social media communications are generating goodwill among its audience.

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According to the question the stock price in 9 years will be $51.89.

Stock, or equity, is a type of security that represents ownership in a publicly traded company. When an investor purchases stock in a company, they become a shareholder and gain the right to receive dividends and to vote on certain business matters. Stock can be bought and sold through a brokerage firm and traded on the stock market. Investors purchase stock because they believe the company will be successful and their investment will increase in value over time.

The stock price in 9 years can be calculated using the dividend discount model. The dividend discount model states that the current stock price is equal to the sum of all future dividends divided by the required return rate.
We can calculate the stock price in 9 years using the formula:
Stock Price in 9 years = [4.05 * (1 + 3.45%)⁹] / 13.1%
Stock Price in 9 years = $51.89
Therefore, the stock price in 9 years will be $51.89.

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The annual rate on the bank loan is 11.18%

First, let's calculate the amount of the cash discount:

2% of $470,000 = 0.02 × $470,000 = $9,400

So Absolute Inc. can save $9,400 by taking the cash discount.

Next, let's calculate the amount of interest on the bank loan:

$7,200 for 50 days

To annualize the interest rate, we need to know how many periods of 50 days there are in a year:

365 days / 50 days = 7.3 periods

So the annual interest rate on the loan is:

($7,200 / $470,000) × 7.3 = 0.1118 or 11.18%

Therefore, the annual rate on the bank loan is 11.18%.

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In developing countries, there are two main situations that cause marketers to adapt their global distribution strategies: infrastructure limitations and cultural differences.

Infrastructure limitations refer to the lack of reliable transportation, communication systems, and storage facilities that are necessary for a successful distribution strategy.

This can make it difficult for companies to get their products to customers in a timely and cost-effective manner. In response, marketers may need to explore alternative distribution methods, such as working with local retailers, using mobile delivery services, or investing in infrastructure improvements themselves.

Cultural differences refer to the unique preferences and behaviors of consumers in developing countries. This can include differences in language, religion, social norms, and buying habits. Marketers need to take these differences into account when designing their distribution strategies.

For example, they may need to work with local partners who have a better understanding of the local market, adjust their packaging or branding to appeal to local tastes, or use social media or other channels that are more popular in the region.

By adapting their distribution strategies to these two situations, marketers can better serve the needs of customers in developing countries and increase their chances of success in these markets.

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The expected future value of this investment from the investment opportunity is $1,080

To calculate the expected future value of this investment, we need to take into account both the potential return and the probability of each outcome.

If we invest $1,000 today, there is a 90% chance that we will receive $1,200 in two years. This means that our expected return from this scenario is 0.9 x $1,200 = $1,080. However, there is also a 10% chance that we will receive nothing. In this scenario, our expected return is 0.1 x $0 = $0. To calculate the overall expected future value of this investment, we need to add together the expected returns from each scenario:

Expected future value = (0.9 x $1,200) + (0.1 x $0)
Expected future value = $1,080

Therefore, the expected future value of this investment is $1,080.

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The type of marketing used by Hannah while communication exchanges with customers via mobile and social networks is digital marketing. This is digital marketing because Hannah uses mediums like communication exchanges with customers via mobile and social networks for advertising her product.

Digital marketing is the area of marketing that promotes goods and services using the Internet and other online-based digital technology like desktop and mobile as well as other digital media and platforms.  

The 1990s and 2000s saw its rise, which altered how companies and brands use technology for marketing. Digital marketing campaigns have proliferated as a result of the increased integration of digital platforms into marketing strategies and daily life, as well as the rise in the usage of digital devices as opposed to physical stores by consumers.

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The trader's net loss is $13,480.00.

The trader sold 8 put option contracts, each with a notional value of 100 shares, so the total notional value of the contracts is $60,000 (8 contracts x 100 shares/contract x $75 strike price). The trader received $3,400 ($4.25 option price x 100 shares/contract x 8 contracts) in option premium.

When the options are exercised, the trader must buy 800 shares of the stock at the market price of $53.75, which costs $43,000 ($53.75 market price x 100 shares/contract x 8 contracts).

The trader can sell the 800 shares at the strike price of $75, but since the market price is lower, the trader incurs a loss of $20.25 per share, or $16,200 ($20.25 loss per share x 800 shares). Thus, the trader's net loss is $13,480 ($16,200 loss on stock - $3,400 premium received).

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An increase in unemployment is not an example of a positive demand shock. Here option D is the correct answer.

Positive demand shocks are events that increase aggregate demand and stimulate economic growth. Examples of positive demand shocks include increases in foreign export demand, increases in government spending, and increases in the money supply. These events typically lead to higher levels of employment and economic growth.

However, increases in unemployment are not considered a positive demand shock as they represent a decrease in demand for labor, which can lead to reduced economic activity and lower levels of output. In fact, increases in unemployment are often associated with negative demand shocks, such as a decrease in consumer spending or a reduction in business investment.

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Complete question:

Which of the following is not an example of a positive demand shock?

A. Increases in foreign export demand

B. Increases in government spending

C. Increases in the money supply

D. Increases in unemployment

Increases in foreign export demand, government spending, and the money supply are examples of positive demand shocks, while increases in unemployment are not. The correct answer is to increase unemployment.

Positive demand shocks include increases in government expenditure, the money supply, and foreign export demand. These may result in a rise in the demand for products and services and economic growth. However, rising unemployment is regarded as a negative demand shock rather than a positive one.

An economic slump may come from lower consumer expenditure and decreased demand, which are common effects of unemployment. Increases in unemployment are a sign of a decline in demand and an economic slowdown, whereas positive demand shocks often relate to events that raise demand and encourage economic activity.

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If the P/E ratio declined to 15 in 5 years, the expected stock price in 5 years would be: 4.70 x 15 = $70.50.

Using the current P/E ratio of 20.10 and assuming a 5% growth rate in dividends:

The current stock price is: 3.72 x 20.10 = $74.79

The expected dividend per share in 5 years is: 3.72 x (1.05)⁵ = $4.70

Using the same P/E ratio of 20.10, the expected stock price in 5 years is: 4.70 x 20.10 = $94.47

If the P/E ratio declined to 15 in 5 years:

The expected stock price in 5 years would be: 4.70 x 15 = $70.50

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If the P/E ratio stayed the same for five years, Kellogg Co.'s stock price would be $92.58 and if it dropped to 15, it would be $69.44. The expected stock price in 5 years would be: $70.50

The price-earnings ratio, sometimes referred to as the P/E ratio, P/E, or PER, measures how much a firm charges for its shares to how much it earns per share. The ratio is employed to evaluate businesses and determine if they are over or undervalued.

Considering the 20.10 P/E ratio as of today and a 5% dividend growth rate:

The current stock price is: 3.72 x 20.10 = $74.79

The expected dividend per share in 5 years is: 3.72 x [tex](1.05)^{5}[/tex] = $4.70

Using the same [tex]\frac{P}{E}[/tex] ratio of 20.10:

the expected stock price in 5 years is: 4.70 x 20.10 = $94.47

If the P/E ratio declined to 15 in 5 years:

The expected stock price in 5 years would be: 4.70 x 15 = $70.50

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True. An intrinsic reward is a reward that comes from within, and is associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake. This type of reward is often related to the sense of enjoyment or satisfaction that comes from the task itself, rather than any external outcome or reward.

While extrinsic rewards are often used to motivate people to complete tasks or activities, intrinsic rewards are often more powerful and longer lasting, because they are based on a person's own sense of satisfaction and fulfillment.

True, an intrinsic reward is a reward associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake. These rewards come from within the individual and are driven by personal satisfaction, interest, and enjoyment.

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When a company focuses on achieving excellence, this includes having a good internet presence.

This aspect falls under the category of core competencies, as it is essential for the company's success in today's digital age.

While having a good internet presence is important for a company's success in the digital age, it may not necessarily be considered a core competency.

Core competencies refer to the unique capabilities and resources that a company possesses, which sets it apart from competitors and creates value for customers. These competencies are typically related to a company's products or services, processes, technology, or human resources.

However, having a strong online presence can be an important aspect of a company's overall strategy and can support its core competencies.

For example, a company that specializes in e-commerce may consider its online platform and digital marketing capabilities as core competencies. Similarly, a company that provides online services may consider its software development and data analysis capabilities as core competencies.

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True. A job simulation is a technique used in hiring and training processes, which aims to replicate the job conditions and tasks that a candidate or employee will face in a real-world job.

The purpose of job simulations is to assess the candidate's ability to perform the job tasks effectively and efficiently, as well as to evaluate their problem-solving skills and decision-making abilities in a realistic and relevant context. Therefore, job simulations need to be designed to closely mimic the actual work environment and tasks, in order to provide an accurate and valid assessment of the candidate's potential job performance.

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The realized return on the bought stock is 13.17%, with 2.10% coming from the dividend yield and 11.07% coming from the capital gain.

To find the realized return, dividend yield, and capital gain:

a) Realized Return:
1. Calculate the Capital Gain: (Selling Price - Purchase Price)
  Capital Gain = ($56.69 - $51.04) = $5.65 per share
2. Total Dividend Received: $1.07 per share (given)
3. Calculate Total Return: (Capital Gain + Dividend Received)
  Total Return = ($5.65 + $1.07) = $6.72 per share
4. Calculate Realized Return Percentage: (Total Return / Purchase Price) x 100
  Realized Return = ($6.72 / $51.04) x 100 = 13.17%

b) Dividend Yield and Capital Gain Portions:
1. Calculate Dividend Yield Percentage: (Dividend Received / Purchase Price) x 100
  Dividend Yield = ($1.07 / $51.04) x 100 = 2.10%
2. Calculate Capital Gain Percentage: (Capital Gain / Purchase Price) x 100
  Capital Gain = ($5.65 / $51.04) x 100 = 11.07%

So, your realized return is calculated to be 13.17%, with 2.10% of that coming from the dividend yield and 11.07% coming from the capital gain.

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David Crockett and James Madison would argue that the extra $300 in weekly benefits was unconstitutional. Hence, the correct option is D.

James Madison, often called the "Father of the Constitution," was a strict constructionist who believed in a limited federal government. He would likely argue that the extra $300 in weekly benefits was unconstitutional because it exceeds the federal government's enumerated powers.

David Crockett, a U.S. Congressman and legendary frontiersman, was also known for his strict adherence to the Constitution. He would likely join Madison in arguing that the extra $300 in weekly benefits was unconstitutional for the same reasons.

While Alexander Hamilton and Frederic Bastiat were influential thinkers and may have had opinions on this matter, their views do not directly address the constitutionality of the extra $300 in weekly benefits. Hence, option D is the correct answer.

Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Who would argue that the extra $300 in weekly benefits was Unconstitutional? A) James Madison B) Alexander Hamilton C) Alexander Hamilton D) David Crockett and James Madison E) Frederic Bastia

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In a conventional B/C (benefit-cost) ratio, the two possible items in the numerator are the total present value of benefits and the net present value of benefits, while the denominator contains the total present value of costs.

The benefit-cost ratio (BCR), which can be stated in monetary or qualitative terms, is a metric that illustrates the link between a proposed project's relative costs and benefits. A project is anticipated to provide a business and its investors with a positive net present value if its BCR is greater than 1.0.

The BCR calculates the benefits to costs ratio, whereas NPV calculates the total net economic gain. The discounted expenses and benefits are subtracted to arrive at the net present value (NPV). Every project with a positive NPV generates a net economic gain.

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Benton, Incorporated, has an average collection period of 37 days. Its average daily investment in receivables is $89,600. Assume 365 days per year. Then, the receivables turnover is 9.8649 and the annual credit sales are $32,678,808.48.

The receivables turnover can be calculated using the formula:

Receivables turnover = (Annual credit sales) / (Average accounts receivable)

We are given the average collection period, which is the number of days it takes on average for a company to collect its accounts receivable. This can be converted to the average accounts receivable using the formula:

Average accounts receivable = (Average daily investment in receivables) x (Average collection period)

Substituting the given values, we get:

Average accounts receivable = $89,600 x 37 = $3,313,200

Now, substituting the values of average accounts receivable and the receivables turnover in the formula, we get:

Receivables turnover = (Annual credit sales) / $3,313,200

Multiplying both sides by $3,313,200, we get:

Annual credit sales = Receivables turnover x $3,313,200

The receivables turnover can be calculated as:

Receivables turnover = 365 / (Average collection period) = 365 / 37 = 9.8649 (rounded to 4 decimal places)

Substituting this value in the formula for annual credit sales, we get:

Annual credit sales = 9.8649 x $3,313,200 = $32,678,808.48 (rounded to 2 decimal places)

Therefore, the receivables turnover is 9.8649 and the annual credit sales are $32,678,808.48.

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According to Bellinger, the value of knowledge management relates directly to the effectiveness with which the managed knowledge enables the members of the organization. Thus, option e is correct.

Bellinger accentuates the extent of organized learning in helping a firm's members to actually deal with current concerns and conceive and develop their future. This indicates that learning leadership is concentrated on using data and learning help to improve an association version and allows it to adjust to varying events.

This aligns with the wider intent of knowledge oversight as an operation of designing, communicating, utilizing, and manipulating details and report resources to keep corporate plans and goals.

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Understanding that data does not anticipate data patterns is crucial to knowledge management, in Bellinger's opinion. The action that generated the data is what forecasts data trends. Here option A is the correct answer.

According to Bellinger, the value of knowledge management is multifaceted and can be summarized in several key points. Firstly, it involves recognizing that data alone is not sufficient to predict trends; rather, understanding the activities that generate data is essential to identifying patterns and making accurate predictions. This highlights the importance of not only collecting data but also analyzing and interpreting it effectively.

Secondly, knowledge management entails understanding past data and information about the organization, its market, customers, and competition to enable reliable predictability of the future. This requires developing a comprehensive understanding of all the factors that contribute to an organization's success or failure, which can inform strategic decision-making.

Thirdly, knowledge management involves an organization's ability to deal with and develop in the four dimensions of mission, competition, performance, and change. This highlights the importance of adaptability and agility in today's rapidly changing business landscape.

Lastly, effective knowledge management enables an organization's members to deal with current situations and envision and create future success. This requires creating a culture of learning and sharing knowledge, empowering employees to make informed decisions, and fostering innovation and creativity.

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Global water users by largest consumer at the top to smallest consumer at the bottom.

C) Agriculture

B) Industrial

A) Domestic

Water is used to create the majority of energy types, with agriculture being the world's largest user of freshwater. There is a rapidly growing need for all three.

It comes from a natural source when it rains. Amounts of water evaporate from lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans. When evaporating, contaminants are removed. The water that rains down on the earth's surface is essentially pure.

When the amount of rainfall during the growing season is insufficient, crops can be cultivated in arid regions with irrigation and in humid regions with supplementary water. Irrigation has increased the amount of food produced and increased the industry's profitability.

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Three possible outcomes emanate from each gate. They are allocate resources, reduce resources, cancel and encourage, discourage, pass

Option (A) and (B) is correct.

Both options are correct, but it depends on the context in which the phrase "gate" is being used.

Option A) "allocate resources, reduce resources, cancel" refers to the possible outcomes of a gate in a project management context. This means that at a certain stage of the project, the team must decide whether to allocate more resources, reduce resources or cancel the project altogether.

Option B) "encourage, discourage, pass" refers to the possible outcomes of a gate in a general decision-making context. This means that at a certain point in the decision-making process, the person or group making the decision can either encourage a particular action or idea, discourage it, or simply pass on making a decision altogether.

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a) The value of the stock can be calculated using the dividend discount model is $26.02.

Value of stock = (Dividend / (Required return - Dividend growth rate)) * (1 - (1 + Dividend growth rate)^(n+1) / (1 + Required return)^(n+1)), where n is the number of years of high dividend growth.

Plugging in the values, we get:

Value of stock = (2.33 / (0.1377 - 0.2112)) * (1 - (1 + 0.2112)^2 / (1 + 0.1377)^2) + (2.33 * (1 + 0.2112)^2 / (0.1377 - 0.0463) / (1 + 0.1377)^2)

= $26.02

b) The expected return on the stock is 8.83%

The expected return on the stock can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which is:

Expected return = Risk-free rate + Beta * Market risk premium

Plugging in the values, we get:

Expected return = 2.10% + 1.32 * 4.44%

= 8.83%

c) The expected return on the stock can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which is:

Expected return = Risk-free rate + Beta * Market risk premium

Plugging in the values, we get:

Expected return = 2.31% + 1.37 * (11.50% - 2.31%)

= 13.78%

d) The beta of the stock can be calculated using the CAPM formula and solving for beta:

Beta = (Expected return - Risk-free rate) / Market risk premium

Plugging in the values, we get:

Beta = (16.00% - 1.08%) / 8.15%

= 1.93

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A firm's Credit Policy consists of four variables, which are Credit Standards, Credit Period, Collection Policy, and Discounts. The correct option is A.

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