Dacion en pago involves the voluntary transfer of property by a debtor to a creditor to settle a debt, while pactum commissorium restricts the automatic transfer of property to a creditor without proper legal proceedings. They represent different legal concepts and serve different purposes in the context of contractual obligations and property transactions.
Dacion en pago and pactum commissorium are legal concepts that pertain to different aspects of contractual obligations and property transactions. Here's a brief explanation of each:
1. Dacion en Pago: Dacion en pago, also known as "deed in lieu of payment," is a legal concept in civil law jurisdictions, including Spanish and Philippine law. It refers to a situation where a debtor transfers ownership of a property to a creditor to settle an existing debt. Essentially, the debtor offers the property as a form of payment, and the creditor accepts it in lieu of receiving cash or other forms of payment. The transfer of ownership extinguishes the debt.
2. Pactum Commissorium: Pactum commissorium, also known as "prohibition of pactum commissorium," is a legal principle that prohibits the automatic transfer of property from a debtor to a creditor in the event of default. In essence, it prevents a creditor from unilaterally acquiring ownership of the debtor's property without following proper legal procedures, such as foreclosure or judicial sale. The principle aims to protect debtors from abusive or unfair practices by creditors.
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If nominal GDP per capita (per person) is £3800 and the GDP deflator is 110 , what is real GDP per capita in € ? Round to two decimal places. Do not enter the currency symbol, but enter the negative sign if appropriate. If your answer is −£1.125, enter −1.13.
The GDP deflator is the measure of price changes for all the goods and services produced within the economy.
Nominal GDP is the value of all the goods and services produced by a nation's economy calculated at the current market price whereas Real GDP is the value of all the goods and services produced by a nation's economy calculated at a constant price level.
To calculate the real GDP per capita in €, we must first find the Real GDP per capita which is as follows: Real GDP per capita = Nominal GDP per capita/ GDP deflator Here, Nominal GDP per capita = £3800 and the GDP deflator is 110Real GDP per capita = [tex]£3800/110[/tex]
Real GDP per capita = [tex]£34.54[/tex]
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during the great recession from 2007 to 2009, most countries increased government expenditures to boost aggregate demand. (true or false)true false question.
During the Great Recession, from 2007 to 2009, most countries increased government expenditures to boost aggregate demand. The statement is true. The Great Recession, which began in 2007, was a severe economic downturn that lasted until 2009.
The recession began in the United States and quickly spread across the globe to become a global recession. Governments of most countries, including the United States, responded by adopting expansionary fiscal policies. Government expenditure was one of the policy instruments that was used by most countries to boost aggregate demand during the recession. The goal of these policies was to stimulate the economy by boosting spending, creating jobs, and increasing demand for goods and services. In conclusion, the statement is true. During the Great Recession, most countries increased government expenditures to boost aggregate demand.
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A machine costing $44,375 with a 5-year life and $2,700 residual value was purchased January 2. Compute depreciation for each of the five years, using the double-declining-balance method.
Year 1:
Year 2:
Year 3:
Year 4:
Year 5:
And how do you compute these numbers?
Double-declining balance method is a method of depreciation that offers a fixed percentage rate that the value of an asset depreciates every year. The method doubles the straight-line percentage of depreciation and multiplies it by the book value of the asset. Finally, it will be used to determine the depreciation of the current year.
In the given scenario, a machine costing $44,375 with a 5-year life and $2,700 residual value was purchased January 2. Compute depreciation for each of the five years, using the double-declining-balance method.
The following table summarizes the computation of the depreciation of the machine for each of the five years, using the double-declining-balance method:
Year Book Value Depreciation Rate Depreciation Accumulated Depreciation1 $44,375 40.0%
$17,750 $17,7502 $26,625 40.0%
$10,650 $28,4003 $15,975 40.0%
$6,390 $34,7904 $9,585 40.0%
$3,834 $38,6245 $5,751 40.0%
$2,300 $40,924
The depreciation for each of the five years is as follows:
Year
1: $17,750Year
2: $10,650Year
3: $6,390Year
4: $3,834Year
5: $2,300
The formula used to compute depreciation is given by:
Depreciation = (Book Value - Residual Value) × Depreciation Rate
where,Book Value = Cost of the asset - Accumulated depreciation
Depreciation Rate = 2 / Useful life in years
Accumulated Depreciation = Depreciation of current year + Accumulated depreciation of previous year.
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Allard, Inc., presented two years of data for its Frozen Foods
Division and its Canned Foods Division.
Frozen Foods Division:
Year 1
Year 2
Sales
$32,550,000
$35,250,000
Operating income
1,399
Allard, Inc.'s Frozen Foods Division's sales increased from $32,550,000 to $35,250,000 over two years, with an operating income of $1,399 in year 2.
Allard, Inc. presented two years of data for its Frozen Foods and Canned Foods Divisions. The sales of the Frozen Foods Division increased from $32,550,000 in year 1 to $35,250,000 in year 2. The operating income was $1,399 in year 2. However, no information is given about the operating income of the division in year 1. Operating income is the amount of profit earned after deducting operating expenses from gross profit.
Operating income gives a better idea of how profitable a company is, taking into account the expenses involved in running the business. The increase in sales over two years shows that the Frozen Foods Division is doing well and is increasing in popularity among customers. The information provided shows a positive trend for the division, but without the information of year 1's operating income it's difficult to draw a complete conclusion.
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what are two goals for a firm that implements an effective crm program? multiple select question. the firm will be able to eliminate its competition. customers will become brand advocates for the firm. the firm's marketing department will no longer be needed. customers will willingly choose that firm's products.
Two goals for a firm that implements an effective CRM program are: 1. Customers will become brand advocates for the firm, Customers will willingly choose that firm's products.
1. Customers will become brand advocates for the firm: A successful CRM program can help build strong relationships with customers, leading to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty.
customers are more likely to become brand advocates, spreading positive word-of-mouth and recommending the firm's products or services to others.
2. Customers will willingly choose that firm's products: A well-executed CRM program can enhance the customer experience, understand customer preferences, and tailor offerings to meet their needs. By delivering personalized and targeted marketing messages, the firm can increase customer attraction and retention, leading to customers willingly choosing their products over competitors.
The following s are not goals for a firm implementing an effective CRM program:
- The firm will be able to eliminate its competition: While a CRM program can help a firm gain a competitive advantage, its primary goal is not to eliminate competition but rather to improve customer relationships and enhance customer satisfaction.
- The firm's marketing department will no longer be needed: Implementing an effective CRM program does not eliminate the need for a marketing department. Instead, it can complement the marketing efforts by providing valuable customer insights and data to create targeted marketing strategies.
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6. Select only the statement that are true: (2) A. None of the other statements/options is correct. B. The minimum acceptable rate of return (MARR) for a project is usually less than the company's cos
The true statement among the given options is: The minimum acceptable rate of return (MARR) for a project is usually less than the company's cost of capital. The correct option is B.
The Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR) is the minimum rate of return a company expects to receive from an investment. MARR is the least amount of revenue that a company needs to make in order to invest in a project. It is the cost of capital required to fund a project or investment, and it is frequently used as a hurdle rate or benchmark. The MARR of a company is determined by the company's risk profile, opportunity costs, inflation, and other factors that influence investment decisions.
MARR is a metric used to evaluate the feasibility of a project and whether or not it meets a company's investment criteria.Usually, the MARR is less than the company's cost of capital because a project that meets the MARR is usually considered to be financially feasible. Projects that generate returns less than the MARR are usually abandoned since they do not meet the company's investment criteria.
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a sale of goods was denominated in a currency other than the entity's functional currency. the sale resulted in a receivable that was fixed in terms of the amount of foreign currency that would be received. exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which the transaction was denominated changed so that a loss was incurred. the loss should be included as a:
The resulting gain from a sale of goods, denominated in a currency other than the entity's functional currency, should be included as a:
C. Transaction gain reported as a component of comprehensive income
When a sale of goods is denominated in a currency other than the entity's functional currency, any changes in the exchange rates between the functional currency and the transaction currency can lead to a gain or loss. In this case, since the receivable resulting from the sale was fixed in terms of the foreign currency amount, any gain that arises from the change in exchange rates is considered a transaction gain.
A transaction gain or loss is related to specific transactions and is not associated with the overall translation of financial statements. It reflects the impact of fluctuations in exchange rates on specific transactions and is typically reported as a component of comprehensive income.
Comprehensive income includes all changes in equity during a period, except for those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Transaction gains or losses, including gains arising from changes in exchange rates, are considered part of comprehensive income. Therefore, the resulting gain from the sale of goods should be included as a transaction gain reported as a component of comprehensive income.
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The complete question is:
A sale of goods, denominated in a currency other than the entity's functional currency, resulted in a receivable that was fixed in terms of the amount of foreign currency that would be received. Exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which the transaction was denominated changed. The resulting gain should be included as a:
A. Translation gain reported as a component of comprehensive income.
B. Translation gain reported as a component of income from continuing operations.
C. Transaction gain reported as a component of comprehensive income.
D. Transaction gain reported as a component of income from continuing operations.
Practical Application Question 32 (4 points) After creating the pivot table (refer to image below), you want to format the values so that it is easier to read. Explain the best way to do this on a piv
After creating a pivot table, it's crucial to format the values for better readability. One of the best ways to format pivot tables is to use the formatting options provided by Excel. You can change the cell's color, font, and size, among other things, to make it more readable and understandable.
Here's how you can format values in a pivot table:
1. Select any cell in the pivot table to activate the PivotTable Tools contextual tab.
2. Click on the "Design" tab, then locate the "PivotTable Styles" section.
3. Choose the formatting style that best suits your pivot table. Excel provides several options, including pre-defined formatting, and you can also create your custom formatting.
4. Click on the "Value Field Settings" option in the "Values" group.
5. Select the "Number Format" button. You'll see a drop-down list of the different formats available. Select the format that best suits your needs.
6. If the available formats don't meet your needs, you can create a custom number format by selecting the "Custom" option from the "Number Format" dialog box.
7. You'll be presented with a list of options for creating your custom format. Make the necessary changes, then click "OK" to save your changes.The steps above are some of the best ways to format pivot tables. By using the options provided by Excel, you can create a customized and easily readable pivot table that accurately represents your data.
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for private colleges and universities, reclassifications of donor restricted net assets could be made:
Reclassifications of donor restricted net assets can be made by private colleges and universities.
Private colleges and universities often receive donations from individuals, corporations, and other sources. These donations are often made with specific restrictions on how the funds can be used. Donor restricted net assets refer to the funds that have been donated to the institution but are restricted by the donor for specific purposes, such as scholarships, building projects, or research initiatives.
In certain cases, private colleges and universities may need to reclassify donor restricted net assets. Reclassification involves changing the categorization or designation of the funds to align with the institution's current needs or priorities. This process typically requires careful consideration and compliance with accounting and reporting standards.
Reclassifications of donor restricted net assets may be made for various reasons, such as changes in institutional priorities, shifts in funding needs, or adjustments to meet financial obligations. The decision to reclassify donor restricted net assets should be made in consultation with financial advisors, legal experts, and governing boards to ensure transparency and adherence to applicable regulations.
It's important for private colleges and universities to maintain accurate records and provide appropriate disclosures regarding the reclassification of donor restricted net assets. Transparency and clear communication with donors and stakeholders are crucial to maintain trust and accountability in managing donated funds.
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Suppose a retiree is entitled to his annual pension of $30,000 for 25 years from retirement date. If the clause of the payments states that the pension is going to be decreasing by 1% a year throughout the period, and interest rate is 13%, what is the present value of this retiree's total periodic pension benefit payment?
The present value of the total periodic pension benefit payment of the retiree is $402,258.36.
The retiree is entitled to his annual pension of $30,000 for 25 years from the date of his retirement. The clause of the payments states that the pension is going to be decreasing by 1% a year throughout the period.
Using the formula for the Present Value of an Ordinary Annuity, we have:
PV = A x [1 - (1 + r)-n] / r
where
PV = Present Value of the Annuity
A = Annual Payment
r = Discount Rate or Interest Rate
n = Number of years of the Annuity
For the retiree's periodic pension benefit payment:
A = $30,000r = 13% / 100n = 25 years
Decreasing Rate = 1% per annum
Present Value of the Total Periodic Pension Benefit Payment=
PV= $30,000(1-1.01⁻²⁵)/ (0.13 - 0.01)= $402,258.36
Therefore, the present value of the total periodic pension benefit payment of the retiree is $402,258.36.
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Use the information in the case to estimate the elasticity of
demand for Netflix subscription services
The elasticity of demand refers to how a change in price affects the quantity demanded. The elasticity of demand for Net-flix subscription services can be estimated using the following formula:
Elasticity of Demand = % Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Price
The case does not provide specific information on the quantity demanded or the price of Ne-tflix subscription services, so we will have to make some assumptions to estimate the elasticity of demand. Let's assume that the price of a N-etflix subscription service is $10 per month and that the quantity demanded is 100,000 subscriptions.
If the price of a N-etflix subscription service increases by 10% to $11 per month, we might expect the quantity demanded to decrease. Let's assume that the new quantity demanded is 90,000 subscriptions.
Using the formula for elasticity of demand, we can calculate the elasticity as follows:
Elasticity of Demand = (% Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Price)
% Change in Quantity Demanded = ((New Quantity Demanded - Old Quantity Demanded) / Old Quantity Demanded) x 100%
% Change in Quantity Demanded = ((90,000 - 100,000) / 100,000) x 100%
% Change in Quantity Demanded = -10%
% Change in Price = ((New Price - Old Price) / Old Price) x 100%
% Change in Price = (($11 - $10) / $10) x 100%
% Change in Price = 10%
Elasticity of Demand = (-10% / 10%)
Elasticity of Demand = -1
Based on this calculation, we can estimate that the elasticity of demand for Ne-tflix subscription services is -1. This means that a 1% increase in price will lead to a 1% decrease in quantity demanded. Since the elasticity is greater than -1, we can say that the demand for N-etflix subscription services is elastic.
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Kimberlee invested $1.5 million in a hedge fund that has a 2/20 fee structure. The fund had a total of $26 million of assets under management and it returned 19% and 27% in the first and second years, respectively. Assume that management fees are paid at the beginning of each year and performance fees are paid at the end of each year in which they are applicable. How much will Kimberlee pay in performance fees for the first two years, respectively?
a. $30,000; $33,989
b. $30,000; $49,860
c. $33,989; $83,137
d. $33,989; $415,683
e. $49,860; $83,137
Kimberlee will pay performance fees based on the hedge fund's fee structure of 2/20. This means the fund charges a 2% management fee and a 20% performance fee.
To calculate the management fee, we multiply Kimberlee's investment by the management fee rate:
Management fee = $1.5 million * 2% = $30,000
For the first year, the fund had a 19% return.
To calculate the performance fee, we need to find the increase in value of Kimberlee's investment:
Increase in value = $1.5 million * 19% = $285,000
Performance fee = Increase in value * Performance fee rate = $285,000 * 20% = $57,000
For the second year, the fund had a 27% return. Using the same calculation, we find:
Increase in value = $1.5 million * 27% = $405,000
Performance fee = Increase in value * Performance fee rate = $405,000 * 20% = $81,000
Therefore, Kimberlee will pay $57,000 in performance fees for the first year and $81,000 for the second year.
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The yield spread between a 5-year AA-rated corporate bond and a 5-year US Treasury bond may reflect differences in which of the following:
Default risk premiums
Real risk-free rates
Inflation risk premiums
Liquidity risk premiums
Group of answer choices
II, III, and IV
I only
I, III, and IV
I and IV
I, IV, and V
The yield spread between a 5-year AA-rated corporate bond and a 5-year US Treasury bond reflects differences in default risk premiums, inflation risk premiums, and liquidity risk premiums.
1. Default risk premiums: AA-rated corporate bonds are considered to have a higher default risk compared to US Treasury bonds, which are considered to have a virtually zero default risk. The yield spread compensates investors for the additional risk they take on when investing in corporate bonds.
2. Inflation risk premiums: Inflation erodes the purchasing power of future cash flows, including bond payments. Therefore, investors require compensation for the potential loss in value caused by inflation. The yield spread incorporates an inflation risk premium to account for this.
3. Liquidity risk premiums: Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset can be bought or sold without significantly affecting its price. US Treasury bonds are highly liquid, meaning they can be easily bought or sold in the market. However, corporate bonds may be less liquid, and investors demand a higher yield as compensation for the potentially higher transaction costs and limited marketability.
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The answer to the question is: I, III, and IV. The yield spread between a 5-year AA-rated corporate bond and a 5-year US Treasury bond reflects differences in the following:
1. Default risk premiums: AA-rated corporate bonds carry a higher default risk compared to US Treasury bonds, which are considered risk-free. Investors require compensation for taking on the higher default risk associated with corporate bonds, resulting in a higher yield spread.
2. Inflation risk premiums: Inflation erodes the purchasing power of fixed-income investments. Since corporate bonds are not indexed to inflation like Treasury bonds, investors demand a higher yield to compensate for the inflation risk.
3. Liquidity risk premiums: Corporate bonds may have lower liquidity compared to Treasury bonds due to their limited trading volume. Investors may require a higher yield to account for the potential difficulty of selling the bonds when needed.
The answer to the question is: I, III, and IV.
In summary, the yield spread between AA-rated corporate bonds and US Treasury bonds reflects the compensation investors require for taking on default risk, inflation risk, and liquidity risk. These factors contribute to the differences in yields between the two types of bonds.
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0.6 q=20k04 (L-40)°
Suppose the process of producing lightweight parkas by Polly's Parkas is described by the function where q is the number of parkas produced, K the number of computerized stitching-machine hours, and L the number of person-hours of labor. In addition to capital and labor, $20 worth of raw materials is used in the production of each parka.
Note that
да ак = 20(0.4)K -0.60 (L-40)0.6
and
да =20K04 (0.6) (L-40)-0 -0.40
By minimizing cost subject to the production function, derive the cost-minimizing demands for K and L as a function of output (q), wage rates (w), and rental rates on machines (r). The cost-minimizing demands for K and L are
0.6 K=0.039q() and L = 0.059q+40. . A). K
0.4 B). K=0.059q 0.4 +40 and L = 0.059q +40.
0.4 0.6 O. C.) K=0.059q +40 and L = 0.039q
D). . K=0.039q W 0.6 0.6 and L = 0.039q
E. none of the above.
The cost-minimizing demands for K and L as a function of output (q), wage rates (w), and rental rates on machines (r) is
[tex]K=0.039q() and L=0.059q+40.[/tex]
How to solve for the cost-minimizing demands for K and L as a function of output (q), wage rates (w), and rental rates on machines (r)In the case of a producer who wants to produce a given amount of output, the demand for factors of production that minimize the cost of that amount of output is the cost-minimizing factor demand for that output.
A Cobb-Douglas production function in two inputs of production, labor, and capital that are compensated at rates of wages w and r, respectively, is given as:
[tex]Q = AL^βK^(1−β),[/tex]
where Q is output, A is the level of technology, L is labor input, K is capital input, and β is the output elasticity of labor input. The function of cost-minimization is:
[tex]C = wL + r K subject to Q = AL^βK^(1−β).[/tex]
Differentiating the cost function with respect to K yields
[tex]:0 = r − λAβK^(−β),[/tex]
where λ is the Lagrange multiplier.
Differentiating the cost function with respect to L yields:
[tex]0 = w − λA(1−β)L^(−β).[/tex]
Multiplying the first equation by K and the second equation by L and dividing both sides by
[tex]λAL^(1−β)K^β yields:(w/r)^(β−1) = (L/K).Solving for K yields:K = (w/r)^(1/(1−β))L^(β/(1−β)).[/tex]
Substituting for K in the production function yields:
[tex]Q = AL^β((w/r)^(1/(1−β))L^(β/(1−β)))^(1−β),[/tex]
which simplifies to
[tex]Q = (Aw^β/r^(1−β))L[/tex]
. Solving for L yields
[tex]: L = (r/w)^((1−β)/β)Q^(1/β)A^(-1/β).[/tex]
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The activity cost allocation rate is computed by dividing total estimated activity cost pool by total estimated activity allocation base. True False
The statement is true. The activity cost allocation rate is calculated by dividing the total estimated activity cost pool by the total estimated activity allocation base.
To better understand this concept, let's break it down step by step:
1. Total estimated activity cost pool: This refers to the total cost associated with a specific activity. For example, if we are calculating the activity cost allocation rate for machine maintenance, the total estimated activity cost pool would include all costs related to machine maintenance, such as labor, materials, and overhead expenses.
2. Total estimated activity allocation base: This is the measure used to allocate costs to different activities. It could be the number of machine hours, labor hours, or any other suitable measure. For instance, if we are allocating machine maintenance costs based on machine hours, the total estimated activity allocation base would be the total number of machine hours.
3. Calculation of the activity cost allocation rate: To find the rate, we divide the total estimated activity cost pool by the total estimated activity allocation base. This rate represents the cost associated with each unit of the activity allocation base.
In conclusion, the activity cost allocation rate is determined by dividing the total estimated activity cost pool by the total estimated activity allocation base.
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Tina is an idiocentric individual in a collectivistic society. Tina is most likely to
a. cooperate with her peers even though this may hurt her individually.
b. compete with her peers in order to protect her own interests. c. cooperate with her peers whether or not it helps the group.
d. compete with her peers if forced to do so by group pressure.
Tina is most likely to exhibit behavior described is compete with her peers in order to protect her own interests. Option B is the correct answer.
Idiocentric individual: An idiocentric individual prioritizes their personal goals, desires, and interests above the collective interests of the group. They tend to be more individualistic and focused on their own well-being and success.
Collectivistic society: In a collectivistic society, the emphasis is on the group's harmony, cooperation, and interdependence. The needs of the group take precedence over individual desires.
Competing to protect own interests: Given that Tina is idiocentric in a collectivistic society, she is more likely to compete with her peers to protect her own interests. As an individualistic person, she may prioritize her own success, achievements, and goals, even if it means conflicting with or overshadowing the collective goals of the group.
Balancing individual and group dynamics: While Tina's behavior leans toward protecting her own interests, she may still need to navigate the dynamics of the collectivistic society she is a part of.
Option B is the correct answer.
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In chapter 1 and 2 of the book Group Dynamics 6th Edition (Author: Forsyth, D.R.)
Week #1 Discussion Forum:
Identify the impact of groups in the business environment
What is the most important group(s) to our society? Explain your answer with details, examples and apa citations and references.
In the business environment, various groups play significant roles and have distinct impacts. These groups include customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, competitors, and the government.
Each group contributes to shaping the business landscape and has its own set of interests, needs, and influence. Among these groups, one could argue that customers are the most important to society. Customers drive the demand for products and services, shaping market trends and influencing business decisions.
Without customers, businesses would not exist as they rely on consumer spending to generate revenue and sustain their operations. Moreover, meeting customer needs and preferences is crucial for business success and growth.
For instance, a study by Reichheld and Sasser (1990) found that increasing customer retention rates by 5% can lead to a 25% to 95% increase in profits for businesses. This highlights the direct impact of customer satisfaction and loyalty on a company's financial performance.
Additionally, customers have the power to influence business practices through their purchasing decisions. Increasingly, consumers are demanding socially responsible and sustainable products and services. Companies that align with these values can attract and retain customers, while those that fail to do so may face reputational risks and declining sales.
Furthermore, customers indirectly influence other groups in the business environment. For instance, their preferences and demands drive innovation, influencing product development and marketing strategies. They also impact employee job satisfaction and engagement, as customer satisfaction is often linked to employee performance and rewards.
In conclusion, while all groups in the business environment are important, customers hold significant influence and are crucial to society. Their demands, behaviors, and preferences shape business strategies, impact financial performance, and drive societal and environmental considerations.
Reference:
Reichheld, F. F., & Sasser Jr, W. E. (1990). Zero defections: Quality comes to services. Harvard Business Review, 68(5), 105-111.
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Javed had the following assets and liabilities at the beginning and end of his financial year:
Beginning of the year End of year
Rs. Rs. Trade payables 18,000 22,000
Inventories 24,000 27,500
Long-term borrowings 15,000 10,000
Property plant and equipment 82,000 86,500
Cash and cash equivalents 2,500 1,500
During the year, Javed withdrew Rs. 11,500 in drawings and no capital was introduced. How much profit did Javed make for the year?
Javed made a profit of Rs. 6,500 for the year.
To calculate the profit for the year, we need to determine the change in Javed's equity between the beginning and end of the year. This can be calculated using the formula:
Profit = (Ending Equity - Beginning Equity) - Drawings
Javed's equity can be calculated as follows:
Beginning Equity = Property plant and equipment + Inventories + Cash and cash equivalents - Trade payables - Long-term borrowings
Beginning Equity = 82,000 + 24,000 + 2,500 - 18,000 - 15,000
Beginning Equity = Rs. 75,500
Ending Equity = Property plant and equipment + Inventories + Cash and cash equivalents - Trade payables - Long-term borrowings
Ending Equity = 86,500 + 27,500 + 1,500 - 22,000 - 10,000
Ending Equity = Rs. 83,500
Using the formula, we can calculate the profit:
Profit = (83,500 - 75,500) - 11,500
Profit = Rs. 6,500
Therefore, Javed made a profit of Rs. 6,500 for the year. This profit represents the increase in Javed's equity during the year, considering the changes in his assets, liabilities, and drawings. It is important to note that no additional capital was introduced during the year, so the profit is solely generated from the operations of the business.
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The Forked Oak Case The Forked Oak realizes how important its servers are to meeting its goals for revenue and customer satisfaction. Create a no more than one-page single-spaced report proposing an incentive system for these employees. Be sure to recognize the potential unintended consequences of your recommendations. For example, rewarding servers for the total amount of their checks might motivate them to push more expensive food and drink items to customers, which they might not appreciate. This might increase sales at the expense of customer service. Both goals are important, but they might conflict at times. How will you balance the need for servers to pursue and achieve both of them?
To propose an incentive system for the employees at The Forked Oak, it's important to balance the goals of increasing revenue and maintaining customer satisfaction. Here's a step-by-step approach to creating an incentive system that considers potential unintended consequences and ensures the pursuit of both goals:
1. Measure employee performance: Start by identifying key performance indicators (KPIs) that align with the goals of revenue and customer satisfaction. These could include metrics like average check amount, customer feedback scores, table turnover rate, or upselling percentage.
2. Reward balanced performance: Instead of focusing solely on individual KPIs, design the incentive system to reward a combination of revenue generation and customer satisfaction. This can be achieved by assigning weights to each KPI and calculating an overall performance score.
3. Team-based incentives: Consider implementing a team-based incentive system to encourage collaboration among servers. This can help prevent competition and foster a cooperative environment that benefits both revenue and customer satisfaction.
4. Training and development: Offer training programs to improve servers' skills in providing excellent customer service and upselling techniques. By investing in their development, you can enhance their ability to achieve both revenue and customer satisfaction goals.
5. Recognition and rewards: In addition to monetary incentives, acknowledge and reward outstanding performance publicly. This can boost motivation and morale among the employees.
6. Monitor unintended consequences: Regularly evaluate the impact of the incentive system to identify any unintended consequences that may arise. For example, if servers are too focused on upselling, it may lead to a decline in customer satisfaction. Adjust the system accordingly to maintain a balance between revenue and customer service.
7. Continuous improvement: Encourage feedback from both customers and employees to identify areas for improvement. This feedback can help refine the incentive system and ensure it remains effective and aligned with the goals of The Forked Oak.
In summary, the proposed incentive system should measure employee performance using relevant KPIs, reward balanced performance, promote teamwork, invest in training and development, provide recognition and rewards, monitor unintended consequences, and continuously improve the system based on feedback. This comprehensive approach will help The Forked Oak achieve its goals of revenue generation and customer satisfaction while considering potential trade-offs and maintaining a balanced approach.
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Ina Co. has revenues of 200,000 with variable cost of 150,000, fixed cost of 60,000 and operating loss of 10,000
what should sales revenue be in order to achieve an after tax profit of 40,000 assuming a tax rate of 32%?
In order to achieve an after-tax profit of $40,000, Ina Co. needs to generate sales revenue of $335,294.
To calculate the required sales revenue, we need to consider the company's costs, operating loss, and tax rate. The first step is to determine the breakeven point, which is the sales revenue required to cover all costs and result in zero profit or loss.
The breakeven point can be calculated by adding the fixed costs to the variable costs and dividing the sum by the contribution margin. The contribution margin is the difference between the selling price and the variable cost per unit. In this case, the variable cost is $150,000, the fixed cost is $60,000, and the operating loss is $10,000.
Let's assume the selling price per unit is 'P'. The contribution margin per unit would be 'P' minus the variable cost per unit. To determine the breakeven point, we can use the formula: (Fixed Cost + Operating Loss) / Contribution Margin per Unit.
Substituting the values, we have: (60,000 + 10,000) / (P - 150,000/P) = 0. Simplifying the equation, we find P^2 - 150,000P - 70,000 = 0. By solving this quadratic equation, we find two possible values for 'P': $293,294 and $441,706.
However, we need to achieve an after-tax profit of $40,000. To calculate the required sales revenue, we need to add the after-tax profit to the breakeven point. Considering the tax rate of 32%, we can calculate the after-tax profit as (1 - Tax Rate) multiplied by the desired profit. Substituting the values, we have (1 - 0.32) * 40,000 = $27,200.
Therefore, the required sales revenue to achieve an after-tax profit of $40,000 is $335,294 ($293,294 + $27,200).
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Read the case thoroughly and answer all the questions
Surya Nepal Private Limited (SNPL) is an Indo-Nepal-UK joint venture, which started operations in Nepal in 1986. Surya Nepal is one of the the largest private sector enterprises in Nepal and a subsidiary of ITC Limited, India, the balance shares are held by 20 Nepalese individual & corporate shareholders and British American Tobacco (Investment) Limited, UK. Surya Nepal’s business includes manufacture and marketing of cigarettes in Nepal as well as exports of ready-made garments with a total turnover of over US $100 million. Surya Nepal’s manufacturing unit of ready-made garments in Nepal was shut down in the last decade, particularly due to the labour unrest problem. Surya Nepal’s commitment to its corporate vision "enduring value for all stakeholders" has been uncompromising through the years and is reflected in every product, process and service provided by the company. The company was awarded with the prestigious FNCCI National Excellence Award during 2007 for being the best-managed corporation in Nepal. The company was also the recipient of various national safety and environmental awards and with the constant focus on systemic work processes, both cigarette and garment factories are ISO- 9001:2000 certified. Surya Nepal is planning to establish a new cigarette plant in Surkhet, in near future, to expand its business. Surya Nepal’s decision to establish the cigarette plant in Surkhet comes with ITC’s plan to expand its international market. The new plant will create an additional employment for about many people. Surya Nepal, one of the the highest taxpayers among Indian joint ventures in Nepal, produces 15 brands of cigarettes and enjoys about 90 percent market share in Nepal.
Questions: a. Why do you think Surya Nepal is focusing on Nepal’s hilly area than in Terai?
Surya Nepal focuses on Nepal's hilly area for tobacco cultivation, favorable climatic conditions, tapping into local market demand, and logistical advantages.
Surya Nepal is focusing on Nepal's hilly area rather than in Terai due to several factors. Firstly, the hilly regions of Nepal provide suitable climatic conditions for tobacco cultivation, which is a crucial raw material for cigarette production.
The altitudes and soil conditions in the hilly areas create an ideal environment for growing high-quality tobacco leaves. By establishing a cigarette plant in Surkhet, Surya Nepal can have easy access to the hilly regions and ensure a steady supply of tobacco.
Secondly, Surya Nepal may be targeting the hilly area to tap into the local market demand. The company already enjoys a significant market share in Nepal, and by setting up a plant in Surkhet, they can cater to the preferences of consumers in the hilly regions more efficiently. This strategic move allows them to strengthen their position in the domestic market and enhance their brand presence.
Furthermore, the decision to focus on the hilly area could be influenced by logistical considerations. Surkhet's location in the hilly region provides proximity to transportation routes, facilitating the distribution of products within Nepal. This proximity can result in cost savings and streamlined operations for Surya Nepal.
In summary, Surya Nepal's focus on Nepal's hilly area is driven by favorable tobacco cultivation conditions, market demand, and logistical advantages. By establishing a cigarette plant in Surkhet, the company can ensure a consistent supply of high-quality tobacco, cater to regional preferences, and optimize distribution channels.
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one day b is picking up her four year old from preschool. since it is nearing the end of the school year, the weather is quite warm. b decides to leave her car running, unlocked with the air conditioning on so the car is nice and cool. b does not want her car to get stolen, but theorizes that if loss were to occur, that is why she pays for auto insurance. b has just demonstrated a: a: physical hazard b: moral hazard c: predisposition to theft d: morale hazard
B has demonstrated a moral hazard. B's action of leaving her car running, unlocked, and unattended while relying on her auto insurance to cover any potential loss demonstrates a moral hazard. This behavior increases the risk of car theft and potential financial loss, as B is not taking proper precautions to protect her vehicle.
A moral hazard refers to a situation where an individual's behavior or actions change because they are protected or insured against potential losses. In this case, B is knowingly leaving her car running, unlocked, and unattended with the assumption that if the car were to be stolen, her auto insurance would cover the loss. This behavior increases the risk of car theft and potential financial loss, as B is not taking proper precautions to protect her vehicle.
By relying solely on her auto insurance to cover any potential loss, B is displaying a moral hazard. The presence of insurance may incentivize individuals to engage in riskier behaviors since they believe they are protected from the financial consequences.
B's action of leaving her car running, unlocked, and unattended while relying on her auto insurance to cover any potential loss demonstrates a moral hazard. This behavior shows a lack of precaution and an increased risk-taking attitude due to the belief that insurance will mitigate any financial consequences.
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The following companies have their financial year ended on 31
December 2021.
1. Entity 1 has 1,000,000 ordinary shares at £1 each as on 1 January
2021. On 1 April 2021, the company issued 250,0
The following is the step-by-step explanation for calculating earnings per share (EPS):
Step 1: Find out the weighted average number of ordinary shares issued during the financial year.
You can calculate the weighted average number of shares issued using the following formula:
Weighted average number of ordinary shares = [(Number of shares x time shares are held) + (Number of new shares x time shares are held)] / Total time shares are held
The total time shares are held can be determined by adding the time each number of shares was held.
For example: (3 months x 1,000,000 shares) + (9 months x 1,250,000 shares)
= 3,000,000 + 11,250,000
= 14,250,000.
Step 2: Determine the profit after tax attributable to ordinary shareholders. For Entity 1, the profit after tax is £850,000.
Step 3: Divide the profit after tax attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares.
EPS = Profit after tax attributable to ordinary shareholders / Weighted average number of ordinary shares
EPS for Entity 1 = £850,000 / 14,250,000
= £0.0596 per share (rounded to four decimal places).
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Compute the final value for the following sequence of 24
monthly payments.
The first payment is $2500, and then
payments increase by 3% per month. (Payments at the end of the
month.)
Compute the final value for the following sequence of 24 monthly payments. The first payment is $2500, and then payments increase by 3% per month. (Payments at the end of the month.) The monthly fee i
The final value of the given sequence of 24 monthly payments is approximately $85,906.36.
How to find?To compute the final value for the given sequence of 24 monthly payments with the initial payment of $2500 and subsequent payments increasing by 3% per month, we need to use the formula for the future value of an annuity due, which is given as:
Future Value of an Annuity Due =[tex]PMT x [(1 + i) x ((1 + i)n - 1) / i][/tex]
Where PMT = periodic payment,
i = monthly interest rate,
n = number of payments
For this problem, we are given:
PMT = $2500i
= 3% per month
n = 24Using these values in the formula above, we get:
Future Value of Annuity Due = $2500 x [(1 + 0.03) x ((1 + 0.03)²⁴ - 1) / 0.03]
≈ $85,906.36.
Therefore, the final value of the given sequence of 24 monthly payments is approximately $85,906.36.
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12. "Positive Analysis" concerns all the following attributes EXCEPT one. Circle the incorrect answer:
a. It is objective.
b. It measures "what should be."
c. It includes no value judgement.
d. Its goal is to assess "what is."
The incorrect answer is "b. It measures 'what should be.'"Positive Analysis" concerns all the following attributes EXCEPT "b. It measures 'what should be.'"
Positive analysis refers to the study of economic behavior without any ethical judgments and evaluating them based on facts. Its goal is to evaluate what is, without any influence of what ought to be.
In this context, options a, c, and d are correct as "Positive Analysis" involves assessing what is, without any value judgments, and with an objective approach. However, option b is incorrect as it doesn't measure "what should be." It evaluates the current situation without influencing it in any way.
It must be noted that normative analysis, on the other hand, measures "what should be." It is concerned with evaluating what should happen, based on subjective ethical judgments and values.
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An IT company has lowered its prices due to the fact that it has directly benefited from globalization, making it much easier for customers to buy their products. Which of the following is NOT a likely cause of their decreasing prices?
A) The fact that the company can easily share technology across national borders.
B) The fact that globalization allows developing countries access to international investment funds.
C) The fact that globalization creates job security which makes the workers more productive.
D) The fact that globalization causes increased international productivity Group of answer choices C
An IT company has lowered its prices due to the fact that it has directly benefited from globalization, making it much easier for customers to buy their products. The following is NOT a likely cause of their decreasing prices: the fact that globalization creates job security which makes the workers more productive (Option C).
The given options about the fact of globalization and its benefits on the IT company is incorrect and one of the options provided here is NOT likely to cause the decreasing of the prices of the IT company.
The correct answer is option C, the fact that globalization creates job security which makes the workers more productive. This is because job security is not linked to the decreasing of prices but it is associated with employee retention, thereby improving workforce productivity.
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Bush Tea Brands as we know produces two (2) products, Bissy tea and Cerasee tea. The following sales forecast for both products was decided on for the first quarter of the year January - March 2015:
Details
Jan
Feb
Mar
Total
Bissy tea
6,200
5,800
5,600
17,600
Cerasee tea
9,000
7,000
5,000
21,000
Notes:
(a) The company planned to sell both Bissy tea and Cerasee tea for $100 each.
(b) The sales forecast for April is 4,300 units of Bissy tea and 3,000 units of Cerasee tea.
(c) The closing stock level for both products at the end of each month is to be held at a level equal to twenty five percent (25%) of the budgeted sales for the next month.
(d) Management also estimates a monthly deterioration of 7 units of Bissy tea, 12 units of Cerasee tea, 15 units of Material X and 10 units of Material Y. They have suggested that a provision should be made for these items’ deterioration in factory.
(e) To make one unit of Bissy tea three (3) units of raw material X are required, while four (4) units of raw material Y are required to make one unit of Cerasee tea. The cost of raw material X is $10 per unit, while the cost of raw material Y is $25 per unit.
(f) Closing raw material stocks in units in store at the end of each month is to be equivalent to twenty percent (20%) of the forecasted sales for the preceding month. Budgeted sales for the last two (2) months of 2014 were:
Details
Nov 2014
Dec 2014
Bissy tea
1,200
1,800
Cerasee tea
4,000
3,000
Required:
(a) The sales budget for both products. (5 marks)
(b) The production budget for both products. (20 marks)
(c) The direct raw materials usage budget for both products. (5 marks)
The total sales budget for Bissy tea in the first quarter is 17,600 units and the total sales budget for Cerasee tea in the first quarter is 21,000 units.
The sales budget for bissy tea in January is 6,200 units and the sales budget for Cerasee tea in January is 9,000 units. The sales budget for Bissy tea in February is 5,800 units and the sales budget for Cerasee tea in February is 7,000 units. The sales budget for Bissy tea in March is 5,600 units and the sales budget for Cerasee tea in March is 5,000 units. Therefore, the total sales budget for Bissy tea in the first quarter is 17,600 units and the total sales budget for Cerasee tea in the first quarter is 21,000 units.
The production budget is calculated by adding the budgeted sales to the desired ending inventory and subtracting the beginning inventory. To calculate the production budget for Bissy tea, we add the budgeted sales for each month to the desired ending inventory for the next month and subtract the beginning inventory for that month. The same process is done for Cerasee tea.
The direct raw materials usage budget is calculated by multiplying the number of units of each product by the amount of raw material required to make one unit. To calculate the direct raw materials usage budget for Bissy tea, we multiply the number of units of Bissy tea by the amount of raw material X required to make one unit. The same process is done for Cerasee tea, using the amount of raw material Y required to make one unit.
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(a) The sales budget for Bissy tea:
- January: 6,200 units x $100 = $620,000
- February: 5,800 units x $100 = $580,000
- March: 5,600 units x $100 = $560,000
Total Bissy tea sales: $1,760,000
The sales budget for Cerasee tea:
- January: 9,000 units x $100 = $900,000
- February: 7,000 units x $100 = $700,000
- March: 5,000 units x $100 = $500,000
Total Cerasee tea sales: $2,100,000
(b) The production budget for Bissy tea:
- January: 6,200 units + 4,300 units (April forecast) + 7 (deterioration provision) - 17,600 (closing stock for February) = 2,907 units
- February: 5,800 units + 6,200 units (January forecast) + 7 (deterioration provision) - 5,600 (closing stock for March) = 6,407 units
- March: 5,600 units + 5,800 units (February forecast) + 7 (deterioration provision) = 11,407 units
The production budget for Cerasee tea:
- January: 9,000 units + 3,000 units (April forecast) + 12 (deterioration provision) - 21,000 (closing stock for February) = -1089 units (No production needed, as closing stock is sufficient)
- February: 7,000 units + 9,000 units (January forecast) + 12 (deterioration provision) - 5,000 (closing stock for March) = 11,012 units
- March: 5,000 units + 7,000 units (February forecast) + 12 (deterioration provision) = 12,012 units
(c) The direct raw materials usage budget:
- Bissy tea: 2,907 units x 3 units of raw material X = 8,721 units of raw material X
- Cerasee tea: 11,012 units x 4 units of raw material Y = 44,048 units of raw material Y
(a) The sales budget calculates the expected sales revenue for each product based on the forecasted sales volume and selling price. The sales volume for each month is multiplied by the selling price per unit to determine the sales revenue.
(b) The production budget determines the quantity of each product that needs to be produced to meet the forecasted sales demand and maintain desired closing stock levels. It takes into account the forecasted sales, closing stock levels, and provisions for product deterioration.
(c) The direct raw materials usage budget calculates the quantity of raw materials needed to produce the forecasted units of each product. It considers the production quantities, the ratio of raw materials required for each product, and the specified costs per unit of raw materials.
By preparing these budgets, the company can plan and allocate resources effectively, ensuring sufficient production to meet sales demand and managing raw material requirements for production.
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: In the extended aggregate demand-aggregate supply model, long-run equilibrium occurs wherever the aggregate demand curve intersects the short-run aggregate supply cuirve. the long-run aggregate supply curve is horizontal. the price level is the same regardless of the location of the aggregate demand curve. long-run equilibrium occurs at the intersection of the aggregate demand curve, the short-run aggregate supply curve, and the long-run aggregate supply curve.
In the extended aggregate demand-aggregate supply model, the long-run equilibrium occurs when the aggregate demand curve intersects the short-run aggregate supply curve. At this point, the long-run aggregate supply curve is horizontal.
This means that the price level remains unchanged regardless of the position of the aggregate demand curve. Long-run equilibrium is achieved when the aggregate demand curve intersects the short-run aggregate supply curve, and the long-run aggregate supply curve.
When this happens, the economy operates at full potential output.The long-run aggregate supply curve is affected by several factors including the availability of labor, capital stock, and technology. An increase in these factors shifts the long-run aggregate supply curve outward while a decrease shifts it inward.
In the long run, the price level remains the same, but the level of output increases as the economy moves from the short run to the long run. Thus, it is important to achieve long-run equilibrium to ensure that the economy operates at maximum potential output while maintaining stable prices.
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In a dosed economy, saving and uwestment itust be equal, but this is not the case in an open economy. In the following probilom, you will explore how saving and imvestment are connected to the international flow of capital and goods in an econom. Before delving into the relationship between these various coenponents of an economy, you wili be asked to recall some relationships between aggregate variables that will be useful in your analysis. Recall the components that maket ap GWP. National income (Y ) equals total expenditure on the econom's joutpoit of goods and services. Thus, where C= consumquion, I = investment, G= povernment purchases, X = exports, Mf=∣ imports, and NX= net exports: Aso, natooral saving is the income of the nation that is left after paying for Therefore, fiational saving (S) is defined as: Rearranging the previous equabon and solvine for Y yields Y= Mugging this into the orginal equation showing the vanous components of GDp results in the following relatonship: S= Hearranging the previous equatinen and solving for Y vields Y = Plugging thes into the criginal equation showing the various comporients of GEP fesults in the jollowing relationship: This is equivalent to S since net expists must equal net canital outfion (NCO, also known as net foreige investiment). Now suppose that a country is experiencing a trade surplus. Determine the relationshigs between the entries-in the following table, and enter these relabonshys using the following symbots: → (areater than ) +
<(less than), or −(equal to ).
In a dosed economy, saving and investment must be equal, but this is not the case in an open economy.
What does it mean?In the following problem, you will explore how saving and investment are connected to the international flow of capital and goods in an economy.
In a trade surplus country, the relationship between the entries in the table can be determined as follows:
Table is as follows:
[tex]$$\begin{matrix} & C & I & G & X & M & NCO & S \\ A & & & + & & - & & \\ B & & + & & - & & & \\ C & & & - & & + & & \\ D & & & & - & + & & + \\ \end{matrix}$$[/tex]
Where,
C = consumption
I = investment
G = government purchases
X = exports
M = imports
NCO = net capital outflow
S = saving
The relationship between the entries in the table is given below:
Row A: As a country is experiencing a trade surplus, exports will be greater than imports. So, in this case, NCO will be greater than zero.
Row B: In this case, investment will be greater than saving, so I will be greater than S.
Row C: In this case, government purchases will be greater than tax revenue, so G will be greater than T. As a result, the budget deficit will occur.
Row D: In this case, net capital outflow will be equal to zero because net exports must be equal to net capital outflow.
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X-Tel budgets sales of \( \$ 55,000 \) for April, \( \$ 125,000 \) for May, and \( \$ 60,000 \) for June. In addition, sales are \( 50 \% \) cash and \( 50 \% \) on credit. All credit sales are collec
X-Tel budgets sales of $55,000 for April, $125,000 for May, and $60,000 for June. In addition, sales are 50% cash and 50% on credit. All credit sales are collected as follows: 25% in the month of sale, 70% in the month following sale, and 5% in the second month following sale. Answer: Budgeted cash collections for May are $91,250.
Explanation: Given, Sales for April = $55,000;
Sales for May = $125,000;
Sales for June = $60,000;
Sales are 50% cash and 50% on credit
All credit sales are collected as follows: 25% in the month of sale; 70% in the month following sale; 5% in the second month following sale.
From the above information, we can find the cash and credit sales for each month.
April cash sales = 50% of $55,000 = $27,500
April credit sales = 50% of $55,000 = $27,500
May cash sales = 50% of $125,000 = $62,500
May credit sales = 50% of $125,000 = $62,500
June cash sales = 50% of $60,000 = $30,000
June credit sales = 50% of $60,000 = $30,000
Total credit sales = April credit sales + May credit sales + June credit sales = $27,500 + $62,500 + $30,000= $120,000
From the given information, it is clear that all credit sales are collected in three months period. So, we can determine the cash collection of each month for the credit sales. The cash collected in the month of sale = 25% of credit sales
Cash collected in May for April credit sales = 25% of $27,500= $6,875
The cash collected in the month following sale = 70% of credit sales
Cash collected in May for May credit sales = 70% of $62,500= $43,750
The cash collected in the second month following sale = 5% of credit sales
Cash collected in May for June credit sales = 5% of $30,000 = $1,500
Total cash collection in May = Cash collected from cash sales + Cash collected from credit sales = $62,500 + $6,875 + $43,750 + $1,500 = $114,625
Therefore, the budgeted cash collections for May are $91,250.
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