True. DNA is the genetic material that carries the information for the synthesis of proteins, which control the structure and function of cells and organisms.
The expression of genes is regulated by DNA sequences that determine when, where, and to what extent the gene is expressed. Factors such as environmental or external stimuli can affect gene expression and influence the development of the organism.DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that makes up the genes in living organisms. Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for the production of proteins which are responsible for the development of specific traits in an organism. In other words, genes provide the instructions for the construction and functioning of cells, tissues and organs in the body. Different combinations of genes can result in different traits, such as eye color or height. Each gene is made up of a sequence of nucleotides that form a code used to produce proteins.
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Which of the statements is a simplified equation for cellular respiration? a.glucose + oxygen =carbon dioxide + water. b. lipid + water=fatty acids + carbon dioxide c.carbon dioxide + water + light =glucose + oxygen d.glucose + nitrogen carbon monoxide + water
The simplified equation for cellular respiration is:
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Therefore, the statement that represents a simplified equation for cellular respiration is A.
What is cellular respiration?Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). It is a metabolic process that occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
The process of cellular respiration can be divided into three main stages:
Glycolysis: The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis, which takes place in the cytoplasm. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, and a small amount of ATP is produced.
Krebs cycle: The second stage of cellular respiration is the Krebs cycle, which takes place in the mitochondria. In the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide, and more ATP is produced.
Electron transport chain: The final stage of cellular respiration is the electron transport chain, which also takes place in the mitochondria. In the electron transport chain, electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to produce a large amount of ATP.
Overall, cellular respiration produces a net gain of 36-38 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. The process of cellular respiration is essential for providing cells with the energy they need to carry out their functions and is an important part of the metabolism of all living organisms.
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why are all of the fossil taxa from the pliocene in this module called hominins?
The fossil taxa from the pliocene in this module called hominins because they are in the family, Hominidae.
Great apes are a taxonomic own circle of relatives of primates labeled as Hominidae and encompass seven dwelling species in 4 types- chimpanzees and bonobos (Pan), gorillas (Gorilla), orangutans (Pongo), and people (Homo). Hominidae turned into in the beginning the call given to the own circle of relatives of people and their (extinct) near relatives, with the opposite extremely good apes (that is, the orangutans, gorillas and chimpanzees) all being positioned in a separate own circle of relatives, the Pongidae. Hominid – the institution including all current and extinct Great Apes (that is, current people, chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans plus all their on the spot ancestors).
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Complete question-
Why are all of the fossil taxa from the Pliocene in this module called hominins?
a. Because they are in the family, Hominidae
b. Because they are in the subfamily, Homininae
c. Because they are in the tribe, Hominini
d. Because they are bipedal.
How is the information encoded in DNA actually used by organisms?
A: DNA is the molecular building block of proteins.
B: DNA leaves the nucleus and interacts directly with other molecules in the cytoplasm.
C: The information in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated into protein.
D: DNA serves as a template upon which proteins are assembled.
E: DNA is translated into protein and then transcribed to RNA.
c. The information in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated into proteins. A gene's DNA sequence is copied to create an RNA molecule during transcription.
Because the DNA sequence is rewritten, or "transcribed," into a comparable RNA "alphabet," this process is known as transcription. To develop into a mature messenger RNA in eukaryotes, the RNA molecule must go through processing (mRNA).
For the purpose of specifying the polypeptide's amino acid sequence during translation, the mRNA sequence is decoded. The name translation refers to the process of converting the nucleotide sequence of the messenger RNA sequence into the entirely different "language" of amino acids.
Information travels from DNA through RNA to protein when a protein-coding gene is expressed. The fundamental principle underlying molecular biology is this directionality of information flow.
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how many arteries of the body?
Yet, there are more than 20 major arteries in the body, and these arteries subsequently divide into countless smaller arterioles and capillaries. Blood is transported throughout the body by this enormous network.
Each artery has three layers, the innermost of which is smooth. In the human body, there are roughly 20 major arteries. Each artery is composed of three layers: inflexible, thicker, and more muscular tissue. It is bordered with smooth tissue and is separated into three arteries.
Your heart receives its blood from channels called coronary arteries. At the aorta's base, they diverge. the left circumflex artery, the left anterior descending, the left major coronary, and the right coronary artery.
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All living things require energy to survive. which cell organelle is responsible for generating chemical energy for the cell?
1. which factors are likely to lead to a decrease in membrane fluidity?
Temperature, cholesterol, as well as the type of fatty acids found in the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane are the three main variables that affect how fluid the membrane.
These variables change how the phospholipids interact and coexist, which in turn impacts how fluid the cell membrane is.More specifically, the fluidity of the membrane is influenced by the saturated or unsaturated nature of the fatty acids. No double bonds exist inside the hydrocarbon chain of saturated fatty acids, and they contain the most hydrogen. As there are no double bonds, the membrane is much more rigid and closely packed. Cholesterol has a bidirectional effect on membrane fluidity; at high temperatures, it reduces fluidity, and at low temperatures, it promotes fluidity.
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what structure of the leaf transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves?
The two main vascular tissues are phloem, which carries food from of the leaves to all the plant's components, and xylem, which carries water & dissolved minerals from of the roots to the leaves.
Water and nutrients ingested by the roots are transferred to the leaves via stems. The food that the leaves produce then spreads to other areas of the plant. The xylem cells are the ones that carry out this function. They transfer water. Water & dissolved minerals are distributed upward thru the plant by the xylem, from of the roots to the foliage. Food is transported from of the leaves to a roots through the phloem.
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True/False?under sympathetic activation, the heart rate is increased by the release of the neurotransmitter
True, because the sympathetic nervous system releases norepinephrine
identify the true and false statements about the influence of biology and evolution on classical or operant conditioning.- Passing down information from one generation to the next illustrates cultural transmission.- Other species like whales, monkeys, and apes demonstrate cultural transmission.- Teaching one's offspring how to raise livestock on a farm is an example of horizontal transmission.- Religious practices can be seen as an example of cumulative cultural evolution.- Cultural transmission only occurs in humans.
The correct options about the influence of biology and evolution on classical or operant conditioning are;
True Statement(s)
A: Passing down information from one generation to the next illustrates cultural transmission.
B: Other species like whales, monkeys, and apes demonstrate cultural transmission.
D: Religious practices can be seen as an example of cumulative cultural evolution.
False Statement(s)
E: Cultural transmission only occurs in humans.
C: Teaching one's offspring how to raise livestock on a farm is an example of horizontal transmission.
How to interpret Biological Evolution?Cultural transmission is the process through which cultural elements, in the form of attitudes, values, beliefs, and behavioral scripts, are passed onto and taught to individuals and groups. This applies to biological evolution as animals passed on their cultural elements down to the next generation.
Passing down of practices also includes religious activities and so Options A, B and D
Meanwhile it is not only humans that exhibit cultural transmissions as stated above.
Finally In horizontal transmission, viruses are transmitted among individuals of the same generation. Thus;
Options C and E are not correct
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Which of the following statements is/are correct concerning the importance of One Health in Global Health? their can be one answer or more than one! will mark brainlist if correct!!!!!!!!!!!! I MEANT TO PUT THIS UNDER HEALTH
A. The so called weak spot in the cycle of transmission of a zoonotic infection is always at the human level
B. Vaccinating humans is more cost-effective for tackling zoonotic diseases such as rabies or MERS-CoV
C. One Health brings vets and zoologists more prominently to the Global Health arena
D. The One Health approach is key to address Global Health challenges at the human-animal-ecosystem interface such as emerging zoonotic diseases
E. Epidemiological investigations based on the One Health approach analyse comprehensively the cycle of transmission of an infection to identify the so called weak spot of the system
B, D, and E are correct concerning the importance of One Health in Global Health.
What is Global Health?Global health is a field of health focused on improving the health of people worldwide. It looks at the health of populations and how health systems work, paying special attention to the most vulnerable populations. It examines how global issues such as poverty, disease, environmental degradation, and international conflict affect the health of people. Global health looks at how different cultures and countries approach health, how health problems are addressed, and how health systems are developed, funded, and improved.
Vaccinating humans is more cost-effective for tackling zoonotic diseases such as rabies or MERS-CoV. The One Health approach is key to address Global Health challenges at the human-animal-ecosystem interface such as emerging zoonotic diseases. Epidemiological investigations based on the One Health approach analyse comprehensively the cycle of transmission of an infection to identify the so called weak spot of the system.
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32. 30 detik1 ptQ. A retrovirus gets its name from teh fact that, when it infects a cell, a retrovirus-injects pieces of its protein coatproduces a DNA copy of its RNAconverts its capsid proteins into RNA
Given that its genetic makeup is single-stranded RNA nucleotides, HIV is categorized as a retrovirus.
Furthermore, once within the infected host cell, the reverse transcriptase enzyme that retroviruses possess has the ability to create a DNA duplicate of their RNA. The virus can enter a cell through a variety of processes, including properly adhering to the cell. For this to happen, the virus needs a suitable protein on its cell surface that can bind to the receptor of the host cell. It considers the viral particle to be harmless after attaching to the cell and releases the virus into the host cell.
After that, the virus releases its genetic material into the cell, where it can multiply by exploiting the host's enzyme system and grow in number. In this way, they moved from one cell to the next.
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In whitetail deer, females seldom grow antlers. Which BEST explains why male whitetail deer grow antlers but females seldom grow antlers? A. Female deer have no need for antlers. B. Male deer are older than female deer. C. Antler growth is controlled by genes. D. Antler growth depends on behavior.
C, antler growth is controlled by genes, is the most accurate explanation for why male whitetail deer grow antlers but females seldom grow antlers.
The BEST explanation for why male whitetail deer grow antlers but females seldom grow antlers is that antler growth is controlled by genes. In most deer species, antlers are primarily a secondary sexual characteristic that males use to compete for mates during the breeding season. The presence of antlers in males is largely determined by genetic factors, specifically the presence of testosterone, which is responsible for initiating antler growth.
While female deer may also benefit from antlers in terms of protection or foraging, the selective pressure for antlers is much lower in females compared to males. Thus, females may have evolved to allocate their resources towards other traits that are more advantageous for their survival and reproduction.
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Which of the statements is a simplified equation for cellular respiration? O glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + waterO lipid + water ---> fatty acids + carbon dioxide O carbon dioxide + water + light ---> glucose + oxygen O glucose + nitrogen ---> carbon monoxide + water
The explanation that is an improved condition for cellular respiration is A: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
Cell breath is the interaction by which cells convert supplements, like glucose, into energy that can be utilized by the cell. A mind-boggling set of biochemical responses happens in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
The course of cell breath includes the breakdown of glucose through a progression of responses, eventually delivering ATP, the energy money of the phone. The responses associated with cell breath can be partitioned into three fundamental stages: glycolysis, the citrus extract cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
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how many atp molecules are produced by one molecule of glucose through cellular respiration?a)2
b) 6
c) 24
d) 36
The cellular respiration cycle is finished by 1 molecule of glucose, which results in the production of 36 ATP molecules.
Sometimes it happens to the NADH and FADH2 molecules produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
The molecules NADH and FADH2 are produced by the Krebs Cycle and glycolysis, and they are subsequently sent as electrons to the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient, which ultimately leads to the production of a considerable amount of ATP.
The movement of electrons from NADH and FADH2 along the electron transport chain change as a result of the production of ATP
O2 and electrons from NADH and FADH2 combine during oxidative phosphorylation, and the energy produced by these oxidation/reduction processes is used to drive the creation of ATP from ADP.
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What are the similarities and differences between the lactase persistence mutations found in African populations and the ones found in European populations? (Consider, for example, type of mutation, location, function.)
Lactase persistence is a genetic mutation that allows people to digest lactose, the sugar in milk, into adulthood. The mutations that lead to lactase persistence are found in different populations worldwide, including in African and European populations.
The lactase persistence mutations found in African and European populations are similar in that they both involve changes in the regulatory region of the LCT gene, which controls the production of lactase enzymes.
However, the specific type of mutation and location of the mutation differs. The lactase persistence mutation found in African populations is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located 13,910 base pairs upstream of the LCT gene.
In contrast, the mutation found in European populations is a 14,710 base pair insertion located within the same regulatory region. Additionally, the frequency of lactase persistence and the distribution of lactase persistence genotypes differ between African and European populations.
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When an ion crosses the membrane and uses to a protein to accomplish this feat, it is using:
A. Passive diffusion
B. Facilitate diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Either B or C
The process that described, where an ion uses a protein to cross a membrane, is called "ion transport".Here the answer is option D.
If the ion is crossing the membrane by moving down its concentration gradient and using a protein to facilitate its movement, this is an example of "facilitated diffusion," which is a type of passive transport.
If the ion is moving against its concentration gradient and using a protein to do so, this is an example of "active transport," which requires the input of energy in the form of ATP.
Therefore, the answer to your question is D. Either B or C, depending on whether the ion is moving down or against its concentration gradient.
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Carriers are defined as individuals who carry the allele for a given trait without showing the phenotype. What must be the genotype of carriers of the red hair allele: homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive? How many distinct gamete types can carriers produce?
Carriers are those who "carry the allele for a certain characteristic without showing the phenotype," as the question states.
This implies that heterozygosity is required for all carriers. Since that red hair is a recessive trait, we'll call it the r allele in lowercase. Brown hair is the predominant characteristic, thus we'll refer to the R allele in capital letters.
If a person had brown hair as their dominant trait, they would be homozygous dominant (RR). That isn't a carrier in the sense of the term.A person with red hair would exhibit the recessive phenotype if they were homozygous recessive (rr). Also, they are not a carrier.Hence, the genotype that is heterozygous is left (Rr). The individual would have brown hair, which is the dominant phenotype, but they only have one r-recessive allele.Learn more about Carriers
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What are the muscles in your legs?
The quadriceps, hamstrings, adductors in the upper leg or thigh, and calves in the lower legs are the major muscular groups in the legs.
These muscle groups are composed of many lesser muscles, and there are additional stabilising muscles that are not included in these groups. Upper limb muscles include the quadriceps and hamstrings. Calf muscles collaborate with other lower limb muscles to help you move your feet.
The anterior compartment of the thigh is made up of three main muscles (actually, two muscles and one muscle group): the pectineus, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris. Furthermore, the iliopsoas muscle terminates in the anterior region.
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describe how signal information is transduced into cellular responses in the cytoplasm and nucleus.
With the help of an initial signaling molecule, a growth factor, which sets off a phosphorylation cascade, signal information is translated into cellular responses in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus.
After being phosphorylated, the final kinase in the chain enters the nucleus and activates a transcription factor, a protein that controls the expression of genes. When an extracellular messenger binds to a cell surface receptor, a process known as signal transduction takes place that results in modifications to the cell's biochemistry, cell biology, and gene transcription that enable the cell to react to the information it has just been given.
The signal molecule's attachment to the cell surface receptor is the "signal" in the signal transduction pathway. A sequence of protein-protein interactions convert the information into a signal and transmit it.
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The opposite of this reaction is pupillary which is accomplished when the muscles contracts
Miosis is the opposite of mydriasis, which causes your eyes' black centres to enlarge dramatically. The size of the pupils is normally equal.
They narrow in reaction to direct illumination (direct response) and the opposite eye's illumination (consensual response). Darkness causes the pupil to enlarge. The pupil is constricted by the pupillary light reflex in reaction to light, and this is done by innervating the iris sphincter muscle. Myosis, also known as miosis, is the severe constriction of the pupil (from the Ancient Greek v (mein) "to close the eyes").
Mydriasis, the opposite ailment, causes the pupil to enlarge. In the body, dilatation and constriction are opposing but connected processes. Whereas constriction results in a decrease in material flow by blocking the route, dilatation increases material flow by opening or extending a structure or passageway.
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Humans have cut and frayed he woven tapestry of Earth’s biodiversity. List three ways.
Answer: ANSWER OF GIVEN QUESTION
Explanation:
which body activity would be most affected if a patient lacked an adequate number of erythrocytes (anemia)? which body activity would be most affected if a patient lacked an adequate number of erythrocytes (anemia)? immune response hormone transport clotting oxygen transport
While erythrocytes do play a role in other body functions, such as immune response and hormone transport, their primary function is to transport oxygen, making oxygen transport the body activity that would be most affected by anemia.
What is Anemia?
Anemia is a medical condition in which the body lacks a sufficient number of healthy red blood cells (erythrocytes) or hemoglobin, which is the protein in red blood cells.
There are many different types of anemia, each with their own causes and symptoms. Common causes of anemia include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, chronic diseases, genetic disorders, and blood loss.
If a patient lacked an adequate number of erythrocytes (anemia), the body activity that would be most affected is oxygen transport. Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are specialized cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
Anemia is a condition in which there is a decrease in the number of erythrocytes or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin, the protein in erythrocytes that carries oxygen. As a result, the body's ability to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, which can lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, weakness, and other symptoms.
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which of these terms applies to an organism with extra sets of chromosomes?
The term that applies to an organism with extra sets of chromosomes is "polyploid".
Polyploidy is a condition where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes in their cells. Organisms can become polyploid through different mechanisms such as whole genome duplication, which results in the doubling of the entire genome, or through the hybridization of two different species that have different numbers of chromosomes.
Polyploidy is common in plants, but it can also occur in animals, including humans, although it is generally rare and often associated with genetic disorders. Polyploidy can occur naturally or be induced artificially.
In nature, polyploidy is most common in plants, where it can arise through the fusion of two different species, resulting in a hybrid offspring with a different number of chromosome sets than either parent. It can also occur through errors during meiosis, the process of cell division that produces reproductive cells.
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Heyy i need your help pleasee
Classify the following organs or organisms into two groups, those that are autotrophic
and those that are heterotrophic: human - mushroom - apple tree - apple - root - cactus
- jellyfish - leaf
Answer:
Autotrophic: Apple tree, Leaf
Heterotrophic: Human, Mushroom, Apple, Root, Cactus, Jellyfish
Explanation:
Autotrophic organisms are able to produce their own food using energy from the sun, water, and carbon dioxide, through the process of photosynthesis. In contrast, heterotrophic organisms cannot produce their own food, and instead must obtain nutrients and energy from other sources, such as other organisms or organic matter.
Answer:
Autotrophic: Apple tree, Cactus, Leaf
Heterotrophic: Human, Mushroom, Apple, Root, Jellyfish
akin to urban legends, there are curious genetics legends - things like eye color being determined by one gene, with a brown eye allele being completely dominant to blue. the problem comes when simple myth meets the complex reality of how eye color and many other traits are transmitted. why is the inheritance of so many traits difficult to explain using only mendel's view of genetics? view available hint(s)for part a akin to urban legends, there are curious genetics legends - things like eye color being determined by one gene, with a brown eye allele being completely dominant to blue. the problem comes when simple myth meets the complex reality of how eye color and many other traits are transmitted. why is the inheritance of so many traits difficult to explain using only mendel's view of genetics? failures in the predictive power of mendel's ideas about inheritance are artifacts that reflect our incomplete understanding of the organisms under study. mendel worked with peas, not humans, and the genetic principles that operate in a simple organism such as a pea plant cannot be applied to an organism as complex as a human. mendel was correct for the traits he investigated, but his principles must be extended (not discarded) to explain many more complex patterns of inheritance. mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment apply only in a limited set of cases in sexually reproducing organisms.
Mendel was correct for the traits he investigated , while his principles must be extended to explain many more complex patterns of inheritance .
What is Mendel's Law of Inheritance ?The procedure by which a child inherits genetic information from a parent is known as inheritance.
Dominance Law : The first law of inheritance is often known as Mendel's law. Only the dominant trait in the phenotypic will be passed down to hybrid offspring, in accordance with the law of dominance.
The Segregationist Legislation : According to the law of segregation, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate during gamete development so that offspring inherit one element from each parent.
Law of Independent Assortment : The law of independent assortment states that a pair of traits segregates independently of another pair during gamete formation.
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how does an abundance of tryptophan inhibit the production of more tryptophan?
Tryptophan suppresses self-production as it builds up by activating a repressor protein, that binds towards the operator and prevents transcription. Tryptophan synthesis enzymes are not produced.
This repressor-tryptophan receptor complex to the trp operator when tryptophan is abundant. Because RNA polymerase cannot bind to this binding, the codon is not transcribed. On the other hand, the operon is translated when tryptophan levels drop because the repressor is unable to bind the operator. It is wasteful to produce the tryptophan-synthesizing enzymes if tryptophan levels are elevated as well as its synthesis is not required because doing so is metabolically expensive. When tryptophan rates are elevated, a corepressor binds the repression protein to a operator sequence, suppressing the trp operon.
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what is one way in which algal blooms cause harm to the environment?
Answer:
in generally one environment causes by harm by naturally and man made
darwin knew how heredity worked. true or false
Darwin knew how heredity worked - False. Darwin proposed the idea of "pangenesis," which suggested that hereditary particles from all parts of the body come together to form gametes, or reproductive cells, and are passed down to offspring. This idea was later discredited by experimental evidence.
While Charles Darwin made many important contributions to the field of biology and the theory of evolution, he did not understand how heredity worked in the way we understand it today. In fact, the mechanism of heredity was not well understood during Darwin's time, and it was not until the early 20th century that the science of genetics began to take shape.
Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection to explain how species evolve over time, but he did not have a clear understanding of how traits are passed down from one generation to the next. In his book "The Origin of Species,"
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Several temperature-sensitive mutant strains of E. coli display various characteristics. Below are observations regarding DNA replication. Based on these characteristics predict which enzyme is being affected within each strain. Place the name of the relevant enzyme in the blank for each question.
a. Newly synthesized DNA contains many mismatched base pairs.
b. Okazaki fragments accumulate and DNA synthesis is never completed
c. Supercoiled strands are found to remain following replication, which is never completed
1. DNA polymerase 3 and or DNA polymerase 1.
There is no repair from by the DNA polymerase 3 and or DNA polymerase 1
2. DNA ligase.
It helps in linking of the fragments thus the absence of the ligase causes non linking of the okazaki fragments.
3. DNA gyrase.
The absence of the activity of gyrase enzyme will show as there is no opening of the ori regions gyrase helps in the opening of the supercoils.
The following are some of the things that you should know about. Enzymes are necessary for digestion, liver function, and many other things. Too much or too little of a certain enzyme might be harmful to one's health. Enzymes in our blood can also assist healthcare providers in the detection of injuries and disorders.
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Full Question: Several temperature-sensitive mutant strains of E. coli display various characteristics. Below are observations regarding DNA replication. Based on these characteristics predict which enzyme is being affected within each strain. Refer to the table of bacterial DNA replication enzymes (Table 12.4 from DNA Replication Lectures). Note: Place the name of the relevant enzyme in the blank for each question.
Question 1 (1 point) a. Newly synthesized DNA contains many mismatched base pairs.
Question 2 (1 point) b. Okazaki fragments accumulate and DNA synthesis is never completed.
Question 3 (1 point) c. Supercoiled strands are found to remain following replication, which is never completed.
Which of the following statements concerning hormone action is NOT true?
Select one:
a) hormones bring about changes in metabolic activities of cells b) target cells must have receptors for a hormone
c) lipid soluble hormones may directly enter target cells and activate the genes
d) a hormone that attaches to a membrane receptor is termed the first messenger
e) ATP is a common second messenger in target cells
The secondary messengers are usually small protein molecules or ions. ATP is not a common second messenger. So the statement that is not true is Option E.
Hormones are chemical substances produced by different endocrine glands to regulate activities of the body. Hormones are signals that have a significant role in metabolism, homeostasis, and coordination. So they are called the first messengers.
Hormones usually interact with the tissues by interacting with the receptors on the plasma membrane. This activate the production or activation of secondary messengers. Lipid soluble hormones can cross the lipid bilayer of plasma membrane and bring about the gene regulation directly.
As hydrophilic hormones attaches to the receptors, second messengers gets activated and they bring about gene expression. The common second messengers are small protein molecules like cyclic AMP and ions like Ca²⁺.
So the statement that is not true is option E.
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