Environment: Clean Forest Phenotype Frequency Allele Frequency Genotype Frequency Environment: Polluted Forest Moths Released G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 Typica 490 186 148 114 77 40 Carbonaria 510 367 617 763 974 1331 Total 1000 553 765 877 1051 1371 Phenotype Frequency Color Initial Frequency Frequency G5 Typica Light 0.49 0.03 Carbonaria Dark 0.51 0.97 Allele Frequency Allele Initial Allele Frequency G5 Allele Frequency q d 0.70 0 p D 0.30 Genotype Frequency Moths Genotype Color Moths Released Initial Frequency Frequency G5 Number of Moths G5 q2 Typica dd Light 490 0.49 2pq Carbonaria Dd Dark 420 0.42 p2 Carbonaria DD Dark 90 0.09

The data shows a shift in moth populations in response to pollution, with a decrease in the Typica (light) phenotype and an increase in the Carbonaria (dark) phenotype, indicating natural selection and adaptation to the polluted environment.

The given data represents the phenotypic and genotypic frequencies of moths in two different environments: a clean forest and a polluted forest. The moths are categorized into two phenotypes: Typica (light) and Carbonaria (dark). The initial frequencies indicate the starting proportions of each phenotype and allele.

In the clean forest, the Typica phenotype has a frequency of 0.49, while Carbonaria has a frequency of 0.51. This suggests that the two phenotypes were initially present in approximately equal proportions. However, in the polluted forest, the frequencies have significantly changed. The Typica phenotype has decreased to a frequency of 0.03, while Carbonaria has increased to 0.97.

The allele frequencies indicate the frequencies of the two alleles, "q" and "p." The initial allele frequency of "q" is 0.70, indicating that the "d" allele was more common initially. The G5 allele frequency of "q" is 0, suggesting that the "d" allele has become very rare in the polluted forest.

The genotype frequencies provide information about the combinations of alleles in the moths. The G5 genotype frequencies for Typica are 2pq (light, heterozygous) and p^2 (light, homozygous). For Carbonaria, the G5 genotype frequency is p^2 (dark, homozygous).

Overall, the data indicates a significant shift in the moth populations in response to the pollution in the forest. The Carbonaria phenotype, which is better camouflaged in the polluted environment, has become more prevalent, while the Typica phenotype has decreased. This is a classic example of natural selection and adaptation in response to changes in the environment.

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