int j environ res public health. 2019 sep; 16(18): 3400. published online 2019 sep 13. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16183400

Answers

Answer 1

The results showed that poor sleep hygiene, low fruit, vegetable, and fish consumption, and high junk food consumption were associated with negative mood states.

The study "Effects of sleep hygiene and dietary patterns on mood in female Iranian students"

published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health aimed to analyze the effects of sleep hygiene and dietary patterns on mood in female Iranian students.

The study showed that sleep quality is an important factor to consider in the mental health of individuals.

Dietary factors such as low intakes of fruits, vegetables, and fish and high intakes of junk food were also linked to negative mood.

The research focused on 300 female students who had an average age of 20.

They were evaluated for sleep hygiene,

dietary patterns,

and mood.

Thus, it was concluded that sleep hygiene and healthy dietary patterns are important factors in maintaining good mental health.

The findings of the study could be utilized to develop interventions aimed at improving the mental health of university students.

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Related Questions

What are the research targets of clinical informatics?

Group of answer choices

Individuals (Patients)

Molecular and Cellular Processes

Tissues and Organs

Population and Society

Answers

The research targets of clinical informatics primarily focus on the following areas Individuals (Patients)  and Population and Society.

The correct option is A and D .

Clinical informatics research aims to investigate ways to improve patient care and outcomes through the effective use of health information technology (HIT) and informatics systems. This includes studying methods to enhance patient engagement, decision support systems, personalized medicine approaches, patient safety, and patient-centered care.

Clinical informatics also looks at the broader impact of health informatics on populations and society as a whole. This includes studying public health informatics, health disparities, healthcare policy, epidemiology, population health management, and the use of health information for research and surveillance purposes.

While clinical informatics research may indirectly touch upon molecular and cellular processes or tissues and organs, its primary focus is on the application of informatics methods and technologies to improve healthcare delivery, patient outcomes, and population health.

Hence , A and D are the correct option

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a nurse is preparing to administer lactated ringer's 1 l iv to infuse over 8 hr. the nurse should set the iv infusion pump to deliver how many ml/hr? (round the answer to the nearest whole number. use a leading zero if it applies. do not use a trailing zero.)

Answers

For delivering 1L ringer solution to the patient in 8 hours, the nurse should set the infusion pump to deliver 125ml/ hour

An IV Infusion is usually done to replace lost fluids. The solution used here is ringers solution and it is isotonic to our plasma. The situations where this can be put to use varies from vomiting to even shock. It is due to this that there is an increase in weight after treatment with fluids.  

For 1L ie 1000 ml in 8 hours

The infusion rate in ml/hr should be

=1000/8

=125 ml/ hour

Therefore, the infusion rate of 125ml/hr needs to be set in order to infuse 1L in 8 hours

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Effectiveness of Managing Fibromyalgia With Cognitive
Behavioural Therapy.
its for my report

Answers

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective in managing fibromyalgia and its associated symptoms.

Numerous research studies have investigated the effectiveness of CBT in managing fibromyalgia, consistently showing positive outcomes. One study published in the Journal of Rheumatology in 2017 conducted a randomized controlled trial where participants received either CBT or a control intervention.

The results revealed that the group receiving CBT experienced significant reductions in pain severity, improvements in physical functioning, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life compared to the control group. Another study published in the Journal of Psychosomatic Research in 2019 examined the long-term effects of CBT for fibromyalgia.

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After the nurse has finished teaching a patient about the use of sublingual nitroglycerin (nitrostat), which patient statement indicates that the teaching has been effective?

Answers

The statement that the patient has understood the teaching about the use of sublingual nitroglycerin (nitrostat) is "I will call 911 if my chest pain is not relieved by the first tablet of nitroglycerin". Sublingual nitroglycerin is utilized to relieve or prevent angina chest pain, which is caused by inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle.

Nitroglycerin has a vasodilatory impact on both arterial and venous smooth muscles, lowering peripheral resistance and venous return, reducing ventricular filling pressure, and relieving the workload of the heart. It also aids in the redistribution of coronary blood flow, reducing the workload of the heart muscle. Therefore, the patient should have complete knowledge about the use of nitroglycerin.

After the nurse has finished teaching a patient about the use of sublingual nitroglycerin (nitrostat), the patient statement indicating that the teaching has been effective is "I will call 911 if my chest pain is not relieved by the first tablet of nitroglycerin."This statement indicates that the patient has understood the importance of the medication, when to take it, and the circumstances in which emergency medical services should be sought. Therefore, the nurse's instruction has been effective, and the patient understands the significance of the medication.

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individual characteristics of resilience are associated with lower- than-expected neighborhood rates of cardiovascular disease in blacks: results from the morehouse-emory cardiovascular (meca) center for health equity study

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According to the study, characteristics that support cardiovascular health in the face of high risk, or resilience, are unknown and may reveal brand-new targets for intervention to lessen racial health inequalities.

The study's background variables, which promote cardiovascular health in the face of elevated risk, may reveal new areas for intervention aimed at lowering racial health inequalities. The psychological qualities and neighbourhood perceptions of black residents in high- and low-cardiovascular-risk neighbourhoods were studied in order to identify possible resilience-promoting traits. Around 1400 black residents of Atlanta census tracts were found to have cardiovascular mortality, hospitalisations, and emergency room visits that were either higher or lower than expected.

Using multilevel logistic regression, the probabilities of reporting more resilient qualities were compared between people living in low-risk and high-risk neighborhoods. Domains of psychological well-being and neighbourhood quality were also analysed. Despite the similar incidences of cardiovascular risk factors in the census tracts analysed, it was discovered that neighbourhoods with reduced cardiovascular risk have favourable neighborhood surroundings and psychological traits linked with them. These elements might make black people more cardiovascularly resilient.

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Complete Question:

Explain about the Individual characteristics of resilience are associated with lower- than-expected neighborhood rates of cardiovascular disease in blacks: results from the morehouse-emory cardiovascular (meca) center for health equity study

two life threatening complixcations which may be encountere din a patient with a cervical spinal cord injury

Answers

Spinal cord injury is a dangerous condition that can be a result of physical trauma, such as a fall or car accident, or an illness such as meningitis or polio.

When the spinal cord is injured, there are various complications that can arise as a result.

Two life-threatening complications that may be encountered in a patient with a cervical spinal cord injury are respiratory failure and autonomic dysreflexia.

Respiratory failure is a serious condition that can occur in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries.

When the spinal cord is damaged in the neck region, it can affect the muscles that control breathing.

If these muscles are paralyzed or weakened, the patient may not be able to breathe on their own.

This can lead to respiratory failure,

which is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Symptoms of respiratory failure include difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, shallow breathing, and blue or gray skin color.

Autonomic dysreflexia is another serious complication that can occur in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries.

This condition occurs when there is an abnormal response to stimuli below the level of the injury, such as a full bladder or bowel.

This can cause a sudden and dangerous increase in blood pressure, which can lead to stroke or other complications.

Symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia include high blood pressure, headache, flushing of the skin, sweating above the level of the injury, and goosebumps above the level of the injury.

If left untreated, autonomic dysreflexia can be life-threatening.

It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of these and other complications that can occur in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries.

By recognizing the signs and symptoms of these complications,

healthcare providers can intervene quickly and prevent life-threatening situations from occurring.

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after reading the following article newhouse, r. p. (2007). diffusing confusion among evidence-based practice, quality improvement, and research. the journal of nursing administration, 37(10), 432-435., examine the following questions:

Answers

Evidence-based practice (EBP), research, and quality improvement are closely related concepts in nursing.

All of them are vital to the nursing profession.

Although these concepts are interrelated, they differ from each other.

According to Newhouse (2007), it's essential to differentiate these concepts since they have different goals, methods, and outcomes.

In this article, the author discusses these differences to help clarify the confusion among these concepts.

Evidence-based practice is an approach that uses the best available research evidence in clinical decision-making.

EBP helps nurses to make informed decisions that are supported by the best available evidence.

EBP involves integrating clinical expertise, patient preferences, and research evidence in the decision-making process.

EBP is patient-centered and aims to improve patient outcomes by providing high-quality care that is consistent with the best available evidence.

Research, on the other hand, is a systematic investigation of a phenomenon using a rigorous and scientific method.

Research aims to generate new knowledge or validate existing knowledge.

Nursing research is an essential component of evidence-based practice.

Research provides the evidence that supports EBP.

In nursing, research aims to generate knowledge that will improve nursing practice, patient care, and health outcomes.

Quality improvement, on the other hand, is an ongoing process that aims to improve the quality of care provided to patients.

Quality improvement involves systematic and continuous efforts to improve patient outcomes, reduce errors, and enhance the patient experience.

Quality improvement is a data-driven process that uses performance measures to monitor and improve the quality of care provided.

In conclusion, evidence-based practice, research, and quality improvement are closely related concepts that are vital to the nursing profession.

Although these concepts are interrelated, they differ in terms of their goals, methods, and outcomes.

Understanding the differences among these concepts is essential to ensure that they are used appropriately to improve patient care and outcomes.

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the client experiences a sudden, severe headache with no known cause. he also complains of dizziness and trouble seeing out of one eye. what associated condition should the nurse suspect in this client?

Answers

The associated condition that the nurse should suspect in a client experiencing a sudden, severe headache with no known cause, along with dizziness and trouble seeing out of one eye, is a possible ruptured cerebral aneurysm.

A cerebral aneurysm is a weakened, bulging area in the wall of an artery in the brain. When an aneurysm ruptures, it can cause a sudden, severe headache often described as the worst headache of one's life. This headache may be accompanied by other symptoms such as dizziness and visual disturbances, including trouble seeing out of one eye.

The combination of these symptoms, particularly the sudden and severe headache along with neurological changes like dizziness and visual disturbances, raises concern for a possible ruptured cerebral aneurysm. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention and intervention.

Early recognition of the signs and symptoms is crucial to facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment. The nurse should prioritize contacting the healthcare provider, initiating emergency protocols, and ensuring the client receives appropriate medical attention as soon as possible.

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Which medical asepsis interventions by the nurse protect the patient from infection?

Answers

Sanitize hands, wear gloves and PPE, maintain cleanliness, disinfect surfaces, practice respiratory hygiene, and properly handle contaminated materials.

Nurses can perform various medical aseptic interventions to protect patients from infection. These include good hand hygiene by washing hands or using hand sanitiser, wearing gloves and other personal protective equipment (PPE) when appropriate, maintaining a clean and hygienic environment, how disinfecting surfaces and equipment, practising proper respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, and ensuring the proper handling of contaminated materials.

By following these interventions, nurses can reduce the risk of pathogen transmission and protect patients from infection in the healthcare setting. 

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while assessing a 2-year-old, the nurse observes that the client's mother appears overwhelmed when the child begins to throw a temper tantrum. what is the most appropriate nursing intervention at this time?

Answers

The most appropriate nursing intervention when observing a mother who appears overwhelmed as her 2-year-old child throws a temper tantrum would be to provide support and education.

The nurse can approach the situation with empathy and understanding, acknowledging the mother's feelings of frustration and stress. The nurse can offer guidance and reassurance by explaining that temper tantrums are a normal part of child development at this age.

The nurse can provide the mother with coping strategies and techniques for managing tantrums, such as remaining calm, setting clear and consistent boundaries, using distraction or redirection, and offering praise for positive behavior. It is important for the nurse to emphasize that the mother is not alone in facing these challenges and that seeking support from healthcare professionals, parenting groups, or community resources can be beneficial.

The nurse can provide information on child development milestones, communication strategies, and stress management techniques for the mother. By offering support, education, and resources, the nurse can empower the mother to effectively manage her child's behavior and promote a positive parent-child relationship.

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water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.'

Answers

Water Interventions, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are critical in lowering diarrhoea in developing nations.

These interventions target the root causes of diarrhoeal illnesses by increasing access to clean drinking water, promoting appropriate sanitation, and supporting good hygiene practises.

Waterborne and fecal-oral transmission of microorganisms causing diarrhoea can be considerably decreased by applying these procedures.

Access to safe drinking water is critical for preventing waterborne infections.

This can be accomplished by putting in place better water supply infrastructure, such as protected wells or piped water systems, or by processing water to make it safe for consumption.

Thus, less developed nations may make considerable progress in lowering the incidence of diarrhoeal illnesses, increasing public health, and improving the general well-being of their communities by tackling water, sanitation, and hygiene concerns.

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delgado mk, huang y, meisel z, et al. national variation in opioid prescribing and risk of prolonged use for opioid-naïve patients treated in the emergency department for ankle sprains. ann emerg med 2018;72(4):389-400.e1

Answers

The study highlights the need for better guidelines and monitoring to reduce excessive opioid prescribing and prevent opioid-related harms.

The paper by Delgado et al. (2018) is a retrospective observational study that investigated the relationship between opioid prescribing,

national variation in emergency department (ED) prescribing practices,

and the risk of prolonged use for opioid-naïve patients treated for ankle sprains.

The authors found that more than half of all ED visits for ankle sprains led to an opioid prescription,

despite a lack of evidence supporting their efficacy for acute pain management.

Furthermore, there was significant variation in opioid prescribing across EDs,

with some facilities prescribing opioids 7 times more frequently than others,

and some regions 2 times more than others.

Moreover, opioid-naïve patients treated at high-prescribing EDs had a 68% higher risk of prolonged use compared to those treated at low-prescribing E Ds.

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Discuss how the coronavirus pandemic has negatively affected people. Name at least three of the CDC’s recommendations for improving mental health during the coronavirus pandemic.

What are phytochemicals? List three phytochemicals with their benefits to humans. Phytochemicals are nonnutritive chemicals made by plants that provide health benefits to humans who eat them.

Answers

The Coronavirus pandemic has a negative impact on world economies. There were heavy losses across different sectors and industries.

The coronavirus outbreak somewhere had a beneficial impact on the  lives of people because people have been able to relax and look back on there life and learn who they are and learn new things about themselves.

The healthcare sector has experienced increased demand for resources such as  medical equipment, testing kits, treatments, and vaccines. Pharmaceutical companies working on vaccine development and production have gained prominence and seen financial gains due to the sudden outbreak and day to day rising cases of covid-19 virus.

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a client receives a new prescription for pentazocine, a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist after an opioid agonist is discontinued. which is the advantage for the client when the new prescription is implemented? tolerance does not occur. less agitation is experienced. the analgesic ceiling is higher. used to decrease substance use disorder.

Answers

The advantages of implementing a new prescription for pentazocine include reduced risk of tolerance, decreased agitation, higher analgesic ceiling, and potential help in decreasing substance use disorder.

Therefore, all the given options are correct.

When a client receives a new prescription for pentazocine, a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist, after discontinuing an opioid agonist, there are several potential advantages. First, pentazocine is less likely to cause tolerance compared to opioid agonists. Tolerance occurs when the body becomes accustomed to a medication, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. With pentazocine, the risk of developing tolerance is reduced, which means that the client may experience sustained pain relief without needing to continually increase the dosage.
Second, the client may experience less agitation with pentazocine. Opioid agonists can sometimes cause agitation or restlessness as a side effect. By switching to pentazocine, the client may experience a reduction in these symptoms, resulting in improved comfort and overall well-being.
Third, pentazocine has a higher analgesic ceiling compared to opioid agonists. The analgesic ceiling refers to the maximum level of pain relief a medication can provide. With pentazocine, the client may achieve greater pain relief compared to the previous opioid agonist, potentially improving their quality of life.
Lastly, pentazocine may be used to decrease substance use disorder. As a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist, pentazocine has a lower potential for abuse and dependence compared to opioid agonists. This makes it a suitable option for clients who have a history of substance use disorder, as it can help manage their pain while minimizing the risk of misuse or addiction.

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which action would the nurse take when a client with type 1 diabetes reports hunger, thirst, tiredness and frequent urination

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When a client with type 1 diabetes reports symptoms of hunger, thirst, tiredness, and frequent urination, the nurse would respond by taking several actions.

Firstly, they would assess the client's blood glucose levels to determine if the symptoms are related to high or low blood sugar levels. Based on the results, adjustments to insulin administration may be necessary. The nurse would also evaluate the client's dietary habits to ensure they are following a proper meal plan that supports blood sugar control.

The nurse would educate the client about the significance of these symptoms and the importance of regular monitoring, adherence to medication, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Therefore, this comprehensive approach aims to address the client's symptoms and optimize their diabetes management.

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intramural gastric hematoma in the context of an acute pancreatitis. rev esp enferm dig. 2017 feb;109(2):170. doi: 10.17235/reed.2017.4494/2016. pmid: 28071060

Answers

The essential role of intra-mural gastric hematoma in the disease that is called acute pancreatitis helps to reduce the inflammation.

The acute pancreatitis is not considered to be a severe condition as in this case the pancreas tend to become swollen in condition for a very short duration and it can also be recovery quickly. In this process the hormone that is solely responsible for this process is gastrin.

The role of intra-mural gastric hematoma(IMG) in the above condition is helps to regulate the blood flow within the organ called as pancreas. Apart from that it also helps to reduce or lessen the inflammation as it can be also used to reduce the pain.

The role of IMG is considered to beneficial in the above disease as it helps the individual to do fast recovery from the condition rather than making the condition of the individual worse.

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What is the role of intramural gastric hematoma in the context of an acute pancreatitis?

COVID-19 Vaccine: how to overcome Distribution Bottlenecks and Boost Success

the supply chain's ability to support the massive rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine is being put to the test. Temperatures transportation distances volume and even the timing of the vaccine's second dose- are all critical factors. to ensure a responsive COVID-19 supply chain in the face of such daunting, leaders must have visibility, transparency, flexibility and foresight.

as the first COVID-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech is rolled out in U.S., U.K and other parts of the world and another 987- odd drugs and vaccines are in development (with 16 in the final phase) as of Dec 15, 2020, pharma companies, contract manufacturing organisations (CMOs) and suppliers are racing against time to put in place a sound production and supply chain plan so the vaccine can reach people speedily and securely. there are, however, considerable uncertainties and variable at this stage that can impact the production and distribution of the vaccine.

Uncertainties on approval: it's not entirely clear how many vaccine will be approved. this affects the total amount of vaccine doses available (in the short to medium term) and consequently, production and distribution capacities.

Natural of vaccine: an approved vaccine that needs a continuous cold chain and specified temperature range will impact not only its distribution and allocation, but it will also have a specific packaging requirements (for some vaccine packaging must withstand temperatures as low as minus 80 degrees celsius). both Pfizer and Moderna vaccine must be stored at below- zero temperature with the Pfizer vaccine requiring dry ice and special refrigeration.

Number of vaccine needed: how many vaccine a country needs depends on the population to be vaccinated and the vaccination timeline. this depends on public health care capabilities and government policies. for examples there will be no compulsory COVID-19 vaccination in Germany.

Efficacy of vaccine: the efficacy rate of a vaccine will decide how often people need to be vaccinated to contain the pandemic, which will impact production and distribution. for example the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines require two dose that must be administered in a short sequence to be effective so there cannot be a lag in the supply chain.

Answer all the question in this section Question 1

identify five (5) strategies that can be utilised to counteract conflict in supply chain management. provide examples based on the case study.

Answers

Five strategies to counteract conflict in supply chain management based on the case study are 1) Collaboration and Communication 2) Risk Assessment and Mitigation. 3) Supplier Relationship Management 4) Technology Integration 5) Scalability and Flexibility.

1) Collaboration and Communication: Foster open communication and collaboration among all stakeholders involved in the vaccine supply chain. For example, regular meetings and sharing real-time information between pharma companies, CMOs, and suppliers can help address conflicts and ensure smooth coordination.

2) Risk Assessment and Mitigation: Conduct comprehensive risk assessments to identify potential conflicts and develop mitigation plans. For instance, identifying potential bottlenecks in transportation or cold chain logistics and implementing contingency measures to minimize disruptions.

Supplier Relationship Management: Build strong relationships with suppliers and establish clear expectations and contractual agreements. For instance, setting specific requirements for packaging and temperature control to ensure the safe distribution of vaccines.

Technology Integration: Leverage technology solutions such as track-and-trace systems and real-time monitoring to enhance visibility and traceability within the supply chain. For example, implementing temperature monitoring sensors to ensure vaccines are stored and transported within the required temperature range.

Scalability and Flexibility: Design the supply chain to be scalable and flexible to accommodate changing demands and uncertainties. For example, having backup suppliers or alternate transportation routes in case of disruptions can help mitigate conflicts.

These strategies aim to address potential conflicts and challenges in the COVID-19 supply chain.

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Do a quick online search and answer the following questions. Please provide 2-3 citations/references and provide link from used site...

What current Public Health issue concerns you the most.
Why does this issue concern you?
Is there anything that you can do about this issue? What are the implications of doing nothing about it?

Answers

One current public health issue that concerns me is the rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). If left unaddressed, it can lead to ineffective treatments for infections and a potential global health crisis.

The issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) concerns me because it poses a significant threat to public health. AMR refers to the ability of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, to resist the effects of antimicrobial drugs, including antibiotics. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics in human medicine, animal agriculture, and the environment contribute to the development and spread of AMR.

If we do not take appropriate actions to combat AMR, we may face a future where common infections become untreatable, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This issue has implications for both individual and global health, as it can undermine the effectiveness of medical interventions and increase the risk of infections becoming uncontrollable.

Addressing AMR requires a multifaceted approach involving healthcare providers, policymakers, researchers, and the general public. Individuals can contribute by using antibiotics responsibly, completing prescribed courses, and promoting awareness about the importance of AMR prevention. Additionally, supporting policies that promote appropriate antibiotic use and investing in research for new antimicrobial agents are crucial steps to combat this issue. Taking action against AMR is vital to preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics and ensuring that we can continue to treat infections effectively in the future.

References:

World Health Organization. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/index.html

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which of the following are benefits of physical activity? multiple select question. it increases the risk of premature death. it helps build strength to do everyday tasks. it helps protect against chronic diseases. it reduces bone density.

Answers

The benefits of physical activity include helping to build strength for everyday tasks and protecting against chronic diseases.

Physical activity has numerous benefits for overall health and well-being. Two of the benefits listed are accurate:

It helps build strength to do everyday tasks: Regular physical activity, including strength training exercises, helps improve muscular strength and endurance.

This increase in strength enables individuals to perform daily tasks with greater ease and efficiency. It can improve functional abilities such as lifting, carrying, climbing stairs, and maintaining balance, leading to increased independence and a higher quality of life.It helps protect against chronic diseases: Engaging in regular physical activity has been associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and osteoporosis. Physical activity helps to improve cardiovascular health, maintain healthy blood sugar levels, manage weight, and strengthen bones and muscles, thus reducing the risk of chronic conditions.

The statement "it increases the risk of premature death" is incorrect as physical activity is known to have a positive impact on longevity and reduce the risk of premature death. The statement "it reduces bone density" is also incorrect as physical activity, especially weight-bearing exercises, helps improve bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

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which is the first step when caring for bleeding wounds. a) apply direct pressure with a clean or sterile dressing. b) apply pressure at the pressure point. c) add bulky dressings to reinforce blood soaked bandages. d) elevate the wound.

Answers

Answer:

A. Apply direct pressure with a clean/sterile dressing.

Explanation:

You will first want to apply direct pressure with a clean dressing (if possible). After that, you will reinforce, if necessary, and if possible, you will want to elevate the wound.

a school district had a strict policy that prohibited the nonmedical possession, use, and sale or other distribution of any drug on school grounds. administrators at a middle school in the district were informed by a student that other students had talked about bringing prescription medications from home to school to take at lunchtime for recreational use. one day the following week, the same student gave a school administrator a pill, which the school nurse determined contained prescription-strength medication. the student stated that he had been given the pill by another student that morning. as a threshold matter, what standard does the administrator need to satisfy in order to conduct a search of the other student's person for possession of prescription medications?

Answers

As a threshold matter, the administrator needs to satisfy the standard of reasonable suspicion in order to conduct a search of the other student's person for possession of prescription medications.

Reasonable suspicion is a legal standard that requires the administrator to have specific and articulable facts that would lead a reasonable person to believe that a search is necessary to maintain school safety or to enforce the school's policies.
In this case, the administrator has received information from a student that other students have been talking about bringing prescription medications from home for recreational use. Additionally, the same student has given the administrator a pill that has been determined by the school nurse to contain prescription-strength medication. The student has also stated that they received the pill from another student that morning.
Based on these facts, the administrator has reasonable suspicion that the other student may be in possession of prescription medications on school grounds. This reasonable suspicion justifies the need for a search of the student's person to determine if they are indeed in possession of prescription medications in violation of the school district's policy.

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tpn is ordered to be given at 75 ml/hr for 12 hours for a malnourished client. tpn contains 2000 calories

Answers

The nurse should set the TPN drip rate at 16.67 gtts/min.

How many gtts/min should the nurse set the TPN drip rate at?

Total volume = Infusion rate (mL/hr) × Time (hr)

Total volume = 100 mL/hr × 24 hr

Total volume = 2400 mL

Total drops = Total volume (mL) × Drops/mL

Total drops = 2400 mL × 10 gtts/mL

Total drops = 24000 gtts

The drip rate per minute will be:

= Total drops / Time (min)

= 24000 gtts / (24 hr × 60 min/hr)

= 16.67 gtts/min

Full:

TPN is ordered to run at 100 mL/hr for 24 hours for a malnourished client. The TPN contains 2000 mL of calories, 50 mg protein and 100 mg of vitamins. The tubing is a 10gtt/mL set. The nurse will set the drip rate as how many gtts/min?

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a primigravid client in active labor has just received an epidural block for pain. after administration of the epidural block, the nurse should assess the client for which condition?

Answers

After the administration of an epidural block for pain relief during labor, the nurse should assess the client for several conditions to ensure the client's safety and well-being.

1. Respiratory Function

2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

3. Sensory and Motor Function

4. Temperature

5. Bladder Function

1. Respiratory Function: The nurse should monitor the client's respiratory status closely. Epidural anesthesia can affect the respiratory system, potentially causing respiratory depression or compromised lung function. The nurse should assess the client's respiratory rate, depth, and oxygen saturation levels. Any signs of respiratory distress, such as shortness of breath or decreased oxygen saturation, should be promptly addressed.

2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: Epidural anesthesia can cause a decrease in blood pressure, leading to hypotension. The nurse should monitor the client's blood pressure and heart rate regularly to identify any significant changes.

Hypotension can result in dizziness, lightheadedness, or decreased perfusion to vital organs. If hypotension occurs, the nurse may need to administer fluids or medications to stabilize blood pressure.

3. Sensory and Motor Function: The nurse should assess the client's sensory and motor function after the epidural block. The client should retain some sensation in the lower body but experience pain relief.

The nurse should ensure that the client can move and reposition herself comfortably without complete loss of motor function. Assessing the client's ability to feel touch, pressure, and temperature in the lower extremities helps identify any potential complications, such as nerve damage or hematoma formation.

4. Temperature: The nurse should monitor the client's body temperature regularly. Epidural anesthesia can affect thermoregulation, leading to hypothermia. Hypothermia can have adverse effects on both the client and the fetus. The nurse should provide warm blankets and maintain a warm environment to prevent hypothermia.

5. Bladder Function: Epidural anesthesia can interfere with bladder sensation and control. The nurse should assess the client's urinary output and evaluate for bladder distension. If the client is unable to urinate or has a distended bladder, the nurse may need to perform bladder catheterization to relieve urinary retention.

By closely monitoring these conditions, the nurse can promptly identify any complications or adverse reactions to the epidural block, ensuring the client's safety and providing appropriate interventions as needed. Regular assessments and communication with the client and the healthcare team are essential for optimal management during labor and delivery.

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a nursing student is researching information about secobarbital. the student would find that this drug is classified in which pregnancy category?

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Secobarbital is classified as Pregnancy Category D according to the FDA Pregnancy Categories. Secobarbital is a barbiturate medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as sedative-hypnotics.

When it comes to pregnancy categorization, medications are often classified based on their potential risks to the fetus. One commonly used classification system for medications during pregnancy is the FDA Pregnancy Categories, which range from Category A to Category X.

Secobarbital is classified as Pregnancy Category D according to the FDA Pregnancy Categories. Category D indicates that there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on studies, case reports, or both, but the potential benefits of the drug may outweigh the risks in certain situations.

The use of secobarbital during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of fetal malformations, including cleft palate and cardiac abnormalities. Additionally, it can lead to neonatal withdrawal symptoms and respiratory depression in the newborn. These risks make the use of secobarbital during pregnancy a concern and require careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks involved.

It's important to note that the use of secobarbital or any other medication during pregnancy should be discussed with a healthcare provider. They can provide individualized guidance and weigh the potential risks and benefits based on the specific circumstances and the patient's medical history.

It is crucial for nursing students and healthcare professionals to stay updated on current drug classifications and recommendations regarding medication use during pregnancy. They should consult reliable and evidence-based drug references, such as the FDA's prescribing information, package inserts, or reputable pharmacology textbooks, to ensure accurate and up-to-date information is obtained.

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depending on sweat rates during exercise, athletes may need more than the ai for total water. for every pound lost during a workout, an athlete should consume cups of water to replace fluid losses.

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When it comes to exercise, staying hydrated is crucial to avoid dehydration.

Depending on the intensity and duration of the workout, athletes may need more than the recommended amount of water to stay hydrated.

This is because the body loses fluids through sweat and breathing, and these fluids need to be replaced.

The recommended daily water intake for adults is eight cups of water, or 64 ounces,

but athletes may need more.

One way to gauge how much water an athlete needs during exercise is by monitoring their sweat rate.

This can be done by weighing themselves before and after a workout,

and measuring how much weight they’ve lost.

For every pound lost during exercise, athletes should consume at least two cups of water to replace fluid losses.

However, some athletes may have higher sweat rates than others, and may need even more water to stay hydrated.

In addition to water, athletes may also need to consume sports drinks that contain electrolytes to replace the minerals lost through sweat.

It’s important to note that dehydration can have serious consequences on athletic performance and health.

Symptoms of dehydration include dizziness, fatigue, and muscle cramps.

To stay hydrated during exercise, athletes should drink water before, during, and after their workout, and monitor their sweat rate to determine their individual hydration needs.

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preventable chronic diseases have proven to be a major global health challenge and many relate to nutrition. in which rank is diabetes mellitus, in order of prevalence, for number of deaths caused in 2018?

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Diabetes mellitus ranks 7th in order of prevalence for the number of deaths caused in 2018.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels due to inadequate insulin production or ineffective use of insulin. It is a significant global health challenge and is closely related to nutrition and lifestyle factors. In 2018, diabetes mellitus ranked as the 7th leading cause of death worldwide.

The prevalence of diabetes has been increasing steadily over the years, primarily due to the rise in obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy dietary habits. The disease poses various complications, including cardiovascular diseases, kidney problems, nerve damage, and vision impairment, which can contribute to premature death. Addressing the burden of diabetes requires a comprehensive approach that focuses on prevention, early detection, and effective management.

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an apneic 2-year-old child with a heart rate of 110 beats/min is being ventilated with a bag-mask device at a rate of 20 breaths/min. after 2 minutes of ventilations, you note that the child's heart rate is 80 beats/min. you should:

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Following 2 minutes of ventilation, you note that the kid's pulse is 80 beats/min. You ought to perceive that your ventilation are not sufficient.

Obesity, large tonsils, and changes in hormone levels can all increase your risk for obstructive sleep apnea. Apnea of infancy is defined as an unexplained episode of cessation of breathing lasting 20 seconds or longer, or a shorter respiratory pause associated with bradycardia, hypnosis, pallor, and/or marked hypothermia.

A person with central sleep apnea stops breathing while they are sleeping because the brain does not send the signals needed to breathe. Sleep apnea can occur in three different ways: complex, obstructive, and central

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For medical patients who are responsive, the pre-hospital healthcare provider should conduct a ____.

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For medical patients who are responsive, the pre-hospital healthcare provider should conduct a patient interview, also known as a medical history, to determine the root cause of the ailment.

The medical history would elicit the patient's name, age, sex, weight, and any known allergies, as well as the onset and characteristics of the symptoms, medical history (both present and past), social history, and medication history.

Pre-hospital providers must be cautious to conduct patient interviews respectfully and considerate.

They should be alert for any visible or physical hints that may indicate a critical condition, such as labored breathing, chest pain, or symptoms suggestive of stroke or hypoglycemia.

Pre-hospital healthcare providers should aim to extract information from the patient, friends, family, or bystanders who were present at the onset of the condition.

The importance of a patient interview before any other treatment cannot be overstated.

This is because a thorough medical history is crucial in establishing the patient's medical condition, which aids in decision-making.

A medical history, in most situations, guides diagnosis and management.

It is a way to determine the patient's condition and determine the appropriate course of treatment.

It enables the healthcare provider to understand the patient's circumstances better, determine the cause of the disease, and provide the correct care.

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while assessing the abdomen, the clinician deeply palpates the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, and this causes pain in the patient's right lower abdomen. this is most commonly indicative of:

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The most common indication when deeply palpating the left lower quadrant of the abdomen causing pain in the patient's right lower abdomen is indicative of appendicitis.

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, which is a small, finger-like organ located in the lower right side of the abdomen. When the appendix becomes inflamed, it can cause pain and tenderness in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. During the assessment, if deep palpation of the left lower quadrant triggers pain in the right lower quadrant, it is known as referred rebound tenderness.

This phenomenon occurs due to the proximity of the inflamed appendix to the peritoneum, the thin lining of the abdominal cavity. Other signs and symptoms of appendicitis may include localized pain in the right lower quadrant, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, and an elevated white blood cell count.

If appendicitis is suspected, prompt medical evaluation and possible surgical intervention are necessary to prevent complications such as a ruptured appendix. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize this characteristic pattern of referred pain in appendicitis to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management for the patient.

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ordan exercises one to two times a week. she usually works out alone. between meals, she sometimes snacks on potato chips from the bag. which suggestion would least improve jordan's overall fitness?

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Jordan exercises one to two times a week. She usually works out alone. Between meals, she sometimes snacks on potato chips from the bag.

The suggestion that would least improve Jordan's overall fitness is as follows:

Jordan should stop exercising and replace her snacks with fruits and vegetables for a more balanced diet.

This is the least effective way to improve Jordan's overall fitness.

By stopping her exercise routine altogether,

she would be missing out on the physical benefits of regular exercise,

which includes stronger bones and muscles, better heart health, and improved flexibility and balance.

This would be a significant setback for her in her journey towards better fitness.

Additionally, while fruits and vegetables are a healthy snack option, simply replacing potato chips with them would not necessarily have a significant impact on her overall fitness.

It is important to note that fitness is a combination of a balanced diet and regular exercise.

Jordan should try to increase the frequency and intensity of her workouts, perhaps by joining a fitness class or working out with a friend for more accountability.

She can also make small changes to her diet,

such as swapping out processed snacks for whole foods and incorporating more protein and healthy fats into her meals.

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