In response to the arrival of acidic chyme in the duodenum, the blood levels of secretin rise, cholecystokinin fall, gastrin rise, and histamine rise. Therefore, the correct answer is e. All of these answers are correct.
The duodenal cells create secretin because of how acidic the chyme is. It makes the pancreas generate pancreatic juice, which is high in bicarbonate and helps to balance the chyme's acidity. Secretin levels in the blood rise when the chyme is acidic because more secretin is secreted.
The chyme's fatty acids and peptides enable the duodenal cells to make cholecystokinin as well. Additionally, it promotes gallbladder contraction and bile secretion while raising pancreatic synthesis of digestive enzymes.
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assuming no other unlisted ions are present in the water, use an anion-cation charge balance to estimate the concentration of sodium ion [na ]. give your answer in mg/l units.
Assuming no other unlisted ions are present in the water, the estimated concentration of [tex]Na^+[/tex] (in mg/L as [tex]Na^+[/tex]) is 21.2 mg/L.
Using an anion-cation balance, we may estimate the concentration of Na+ (in mg/L as Na+) by ensuring that the total positive charge from cations matches the total negative charge from anions.
The total positive charge from cations = ([tex]Ca^{+2} + M^g{+2} + Na^+ + K^+[/tex])
The total negative charge from anions = ([tex]HCO^{3-} + SO_4^{2-} + Cl^-[/tex])
Total positive charge = (40.0 + 10.0 + Na+ + 7.0)
Total negative charge = (67.2 + 11.0)
Total positive charge = Total negative charge
(40.0 + 10.0 + [tex]Na^+[/tex] + 7.0) = (67.2 + 11.0)
Simplifying the equation:
57.0 + Na+ = 78.2
Subtracting 57.0 from both sides:
Na+ = 78.2 - 57.0
Na+ = 21.2 mg/L
Therefore, the estimated concentration of [tex]Na^+[/tex] (in mg/L as [tex]Na^+[/tex]) is 21.2 mg/L.
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Your question seems incomplete, the probable complete question is:
2. A sample of water has the following concentrations of ions (and pH = 7.0):
cations mg/L
anions mg/L
Ca+2
40.0
Mg+2
10.0
Na+
?
K+
7.0
HCO3 110.0
SO42-
67.2
Cl-
11.0
Assuming no other constituents are missing, use an anion-cation balance to estimate the concentration of Na* (in mg/L as Na*)? Remember that the balance cannot be in mg/L.
Under certain conditions the rate of this reaction is zero order in ammonia with a rate constant of ·0.0095Ms−1
2NH3 (g) --> N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)
Suppose a 250.mL flask is charged under these conditions with 200. mmol of ammonia. After how much time is there only 100. mmol left? You may assume no other reaction is important. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to 2 significant digits.
2. The rate at which a certain drug is eliminated by the body follows first-order kinetics, with a half-life of 51 minutes. Suppose in a particular patient the concentration of this drug in the bloodstream immediately after injection is 0.75/μgmL. What will the concentration be 204 minutes later? Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
The concentration of the drug in the bloodstream 204 minutes after injection will be 0.227 μgmL.
Reaction order: Zero-order
The zero-order reaction can be defined as a reaction in which the rate of the reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactant(s).Rate of the reaction= k [NH3]0= k
If the initial concentration of NH3 is [NH3]0 and the concentration at time t is [NH3], then the rate of the reaction is given by:rate= -Δ[NH3]/Δt= k [NH3]0
Since the rate is zero order in NH3, we can write:Δ[NH3]= -k Δt
Integrated rate law for zero-order reactions can be given as
[NH3]= -kt + [NH3]0
Here, [NH3]0 is the initial concentration of ammonia (0.200 M), and [NH3] is the concentration at any time t, t is the time for which we want to calculate the concentration of ammonia, and k = 0.0095 M/s.
As we have to find out the time after which the concentration of ammonia reduces to 100 mmol, we will plug this value in the above equation.
[NH3] = -kt + [NH3]0[NH3]
= -0.0095 * t + 0.2 (where [NH3] = 0.1 M and t = time taken to reduce ammonia concentration to 100 mmol)
0.1 = -0.0095t + 0.20.0095t
= 0.1 - 0.02t
= (0.1 - 0.02)/0.0095t
= 7.37 min (approximately)
Therefore, after 7.37 min, the concentration of ammonia will be 0.1 M.2. Half-life of the reaction: 51 minutes
We have to find the concentration of the drug in the bloodstream 204 minutes after injection. The half-life of the reaction is 51 minutes. We can use the integrated rate law for first-order reactions:
ln [A] = -kt + ln[A]0
Here, [A]0 is the initial concentration of the drug, k is the rate constant, and t is time. We can use the formula of half-life to calculate the rate constant:
k = 0.693/τ (where τ is half-life)
k = 0.693/51
k = 0.0136 min-1
Substitute the value of k and t into the integrated rate law for first-order reactions:
ln [A] = -kt + ln[A]0
ln [A] = -0.0136 * 204 + ln(0.75)
ln [A] = -2.7712 + ln(0.75)
[A] = e^-2.7712+ ln(0.75)
[A] = 0.227 μgmL (approximately)
Therefore, the concentration of the drug in the bloodstream 204 minutes after injection will be 0.227 μgmL.
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1- List the desired properties of precipitate formed in gravimetric methods of analysis. 2- The addition of dimethylglyoxime, H 2
C 4
H 6
O 2
N 2
to a solution of nickel (II) ion give rise to a precipitate. Ni 2+
+2H 2
C 4
H 6
O 2
N 2
>Ni(H 2
C 4
H 6
O 2
N 2
) 2
+2H +
If 0.15 g nickel alloy is treated with dimethylglyoxime and 175mg nickel dimethylglyoxime is collected. Determine the mass and the percent of nickel in the alloy.
The mass of Ni in the alloy is 0.0323 g, and the percent of nickel in the alloy is 21.53%.
1. The desired properties of precipitates that are formed in gravimetric methods of analysis include:
i. Be completely pure and easily filterable
ii. The precipitate should be of known composition
iii. Large and easily recognizable crystalline structure
iv. The precipitate should be free from impurities
v. The precipitate should be completely insoluble in the mother liquor.
2. Given: Amount of Ni alloy = 0.15 gAmount of Ni-dimethylglyoxime obtained = 175 mgTo determine: The mass and percent of nickel in the alloySolution: The mass of Ni present in Ni-dimethylglyoxime can be calculated by using the molecular weight of Ni-dimethylglyoxime.To calculate the molecular weight of Ni-dimethylglyoxime, multiply the atomic weight of each element by its subscript and then sum the values.
Molecular weight of Ni(H2C4H6O2N2)2 = (58.69 + 2(1.01 × 6) + 2(12.01 × 4) + 2(16 × 2) + 2(14.01 × 2)) g/mol = 318.12 g/mol
Mass of Ni in 175 mg of Ni-dimethylglyoxime = (58.69 g Ni / 318.12 g Ni(H2C4H6O2N2)2) × 0.175 g = 0.0323 g
Percent of Ni in the alloy = (Mass of Ni / Mass of alloy) × 100% = (0.0323 g / 0.15 g) × 100% = 21.53% (rounded off to two decimal places)Therefore, the mass of Ni in the alloy is 0.0323 g, and the percent of nickel in the alloy is 21.53%.
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chegg a solution is 0.0111 m in both br– and so42–. a 0.217 m solution of lead(ii) nitrate is slowly added to it with a buret.
The concentration of the first anion (Br⁻) when the second one (SO₄²⁻) starts to precipitate at 25°C is approximately 0.059 M.
How to determine concentration?To determine the concentration of the first anion when the second one starts to precipitate, compare the solubility product constants (Ksp) of the two compounds involved.
Given the Ksp values for
PbBr₂ (6.60 × 10⁻⁶) and
PbSO₄ (2.53 × 10⁻⁸),
For PbBr₂:
IP = [Pb²⁺][Br⁻]²
Ksp = [Pb²⁺][Br⁻]²
For PbSO₄:
IP = [Pb²⁺][SO₄²⁻]
Ksp = [Pb²⁺][SO₄²⁻]
Assume that the concentration of the first anion (Br⁻) at this point is x M.
For PbBr₂:
(x)(2x²) = 6.60 × 10⁻⁶
2x³ = 6.60 × 10⁻⁶
x³ = 3.30 × 10⁻⁶
x ≈ 0.059 M
Therefore, the concentration of the first anion (Br⁻) when the second one (SO₄²⁻) starts to precipitate at 25°C is approximately 0.059 M.
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Complete question:
A solution is 0.0151 Min both Br and SO42-. A 0.191 Msolution of lead(II) nitrate is slowly added to it with a buret. The anion will precipitate from solution first. (Kip for PbBr2-6.60 x 10; Kp for PbSO4 -2.53 × 10-8) Part 2 (1 point) What is the concentration in the solution of the first anion when the second one starts to precipitate at 25°C? M
which alkyl halide(s) would give the following alkene as the only product in an elimination reaction? m8q7
The given alkene, m8q7, suggests a substitution pattern where there are two substituents on one carbon and one substituent on the adjacent carbon. This is known as a Zaitsev product.
To determine the alkyl halide(s) that would give the given alkene as the only product in an elimination reaction, we need to consider the reaction conditions and the reaction mechanism.
The Zaitsev product is typically favored in elimination reactions when the reaction conditions are high in temperature and basic. The reaction mechanism involved is usually E2 (bimolecular elimination) where the base abstracts a proton adjacent to the leaving group, leading to the formation of the alkene.
To obtain the given alkene as the sole product, we need to choose an alkyl halide with the appropriate substitution pattern and a good leaving group.
One possible alkyl halide that can give the given alkene is 2-bromo-2-methylbutane. This alkyl halide has the desired substitution pattern, and upon elimination under appropriate conditions, it can yield the desired alkene as the sole product.
Other alkyl halides with similar substitution patterns, such as 2-chloro-2-methylbutane or 2-iodo-2-methylbutane, may also give the desired alkene as the only product in an elimination reaction under suitable conditions.
It's important to note that the specific conditions, temperature, and choice of base used in the reaction will affect the selectivity and outcome of the elimination reaction.
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Which is true for a calibration curve? It is directly related to Beer's Law. It is used to determine the lambda max of a chemical substance. It is synonymous with the term "absorption spectrum." It is a plot of absorbance vs. wavelength.
The calibration curve is a plot of absorbance versus concentration. It is used to determine the relationship between concentration and absorbance for a given substance. The curve is constructed by measuring the absorbance of a series of solutions with known concentrations and plotting the data.
The curve is typically linear, and the equation for the line is used to calculate the concentration of an unknown solution based on its absorbance value.Calibration curves are used in various analytical techniques, including spectrophotometry and chromatography. The curve is not synonymous with the term "absorption spectrum," which refers to the range of wavelengths absorbed by a substance. It is also not used to determine the lambda max of a chemical substance. The lambda max is the wavelength at which a substance absorbs the most light and is typically determined by measuring the absorbance of a solution at different wavelengths.
Therefore, the correct statement for the calibration curve is that it is directly related to Beer's Law, and it is a plot of absorbance vs. concentration.
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what was the general trend from 1985 to 2014 in the size of the area with ph levels less than or equal to 4.5 (below which the environment is considered to be acidic)?
From 1985 to 2014, the general trend in the size of the area with pH levels less than or equal to 4.5 (indicating acidic environment) showed an increase. This trend suggests that over this time period, the acidic areas expanded or became more prevalent.
Several factors contribute to this trend. One major factor is human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and industrial emissions. These activities release pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, which can then react with water and form acids, leading to acid rain. Acid rain can contribute to the acidification of soil and water bodies, leading to a decrease in pH levels.
Another contributing factor is deforestation. When forests are cleared, the soil is exposed to rainfall, which can lead to increased leaching of acidic compounds into the soil and water systems. Additionally, without the buffering capacity of trees, the pH of the soil can become more susceptible to fluctuations.
Climate change can also impact pH levels. Rising temperatures can affect the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, leading to increased absorption of CO2 by the oceans. This can result in ocean acidification, where the pH of seawater decreases, negatively impacting marine life.
It is important to note that the trend may vary in different regions due to specific local factors and mitigation efforts. However, overall, the general trend from 1985 to 2014 indicates an increase in the size of areas with pH levels less than or equal to 4.5, signaling a growing concern for acidic environments.
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Gold has a density of 19.3g/cm^3. what is the mass, in kg, of a cube of gold measuring 2.0 inches on each side? use unit analysis, not the density formula.
The mass of the cube of gold measuring 2.0 inches on each side is 2.56 kg.
Given that gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm³ and the cube of gold has sides of 2.0 inches, we need to calculate the mass of the cube in kg without using the density formula. We can convert the length of each side of the cube from inches to cm by using the conversion factor 1 inch = 2.54 cm.
Therefore, each side of the cube measures:2.0 inches × 2.54 cm/inch = 5.08 cm. The volume of the cube can be calculated by raising the length of one side to the third power, i.e.,
V = (side)³ = (5.08 cm)³ = 132.5 cm³
The mass of the cube can be calculated by using the density of gold and the volume of the cube. However, we are not supposed to use the density formula, so we can use unit analysis to determine the mass in kg. We have:
19.3 g/cm³ = 19.3 g/cm³ × 1 kg/1000 g = 0.0193 kg/cm³
Multiplying this by the volume of the cube in cm³, we get:
0.0193 kg/cm³ × 132.5 cm³ = 2.56 kg
Therefore, the mass of the cube of gold measuring 2.0 inches on each side is 2.56 kg.
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the vapor pressure of dichloromethane, ch2cl2 , at 0 ∘c is 134 mmhg . the normal boiling point of dichloromethane is 40. ∘c . calculate its molar heat of vaporization.
Therefore, the molar heat of vaporization of dichloromethane is 31643.7 J/mol (approx). Answer: 31643.7 J/mol
Given, vapor pressure of dichloromethane, CH2Cl2 at 0°C = 134 mm Hg.
The normal boiling point of dichloromethane is 40°C, We need to calculate its molar heat of vaporization.
Molar heat of vaporization is given by the formula:ΔHvap = (2.303RT²/ log P₂/P₁)Where, R = 8.314 J/K.
mol T = Boiling point in Kelvin, P₁ = Vapor pressure at temperature T , B2O = Normal boiling point of the liquid (in Kelvin).
Using the above formula, we can calculate the molar heat of vaporization as follows:
Given the boiling point of dichloromethane = 40°C = 313 K.
Given vapor pressure of dichloromethane = 134 mmHg = 0.177 atm (by converting mmHg to atm).
Using the formula,
ΔHvap = (2.303 × 8.314 × 313² / log (0.177 / 1.000)), ΔHvap = 31643.7 J/mol.
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which reagent (reactant) is limiting when 1.85 mol of sodium hydroxide and 1.00 mol carbon dioxide are allowed to react? how many moles of sodium carbonate can be produced? how many moles of the excess reactant remain after the completion of the reaction?
In the given chemical reaction [tex]\rm NaOH + CO_2 \rightarrow Na_2CO_3 + H_2O[/tex], the limiting reagent is carbon dioxide and [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex] that can be produced is 1.00 mol, and 0.85 mol of NaOH remains unreacted after the completion of the reaction.
The limiting reagent is the reactant that gets completely consumed in a chemical reaction, thereby limiting the amount of product that can be formed.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide is:
[tex]\rm NaOH + CO_2 \rightarrow Na_2CO_3 + H_2O[/tex]
To determine which reactant is limiting, we need to calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide present and compare the mole ratios of the reactants in the balanced equation.
Moles of NaOH = 1.85 mol
Moles of [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] = 1.00 mol
The balanced equation shows that the mole ratio of NaOH to [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] is 2:1, which means that 2 moles of NaOH react with 1 mole of [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] .
Using the mole ratio, we can calculate the maximum number of moles of Na2CO3 that can be produced by each reactant:
Moles of NaOH / 2 = 0.925 mol [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex]
Moles of[tex]\rm CO_2 \times 1[/tex] /1 = 1.00 mol [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex]
Since the calculated number of moles of [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex] from [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] is less than the calculated number of moles of [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex] from NaOH, [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] is the limiting reactant.
According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] reacts to form 1 mole of [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex] . Therefore, the number of moles of [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex] produced is 1.00 mol.
To determine the amount of excess reactant remaining after the reaction, we need to calculate the amount of NaOH that did not react.
Moles of NaOH remaining = Moles of NaOH - (Moles of [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex] produced x 2)
= 0.85 mol NaOH
Therefore, 0.85 mol of NaOH remains unreacted after the completion of the reaction.
In conclusion, carbon dioxide is the limiting reactant, and 1.00 mol of [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex] can be produced. 0.85 mol of NaOH remains unreacted after the completion of the reaction.
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The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide as follow:
[tex]\rm NaOH + CO_2 \rightarrow Na_2CO_3 + H_2O[/tex]
Which reagent (reactant) is limiting when 1.85 mol of sodium hydroxide and 1.00 mol carbon dioxide are allowed to react? How many moles of sodium carbonate can be produced? How many moles of the excess reactant remain after the completion of the reaction?
Which two subatomic particles make up the nucleus of an atom? protons and neutrons protons and electrons electrons and neutrons
The two subatomic particles that make up the nucleus of an atom are protons and neutrons. Electrons are located outside the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge, Neutrons have no charge, and Electrons have a negative charge. Hence option A is correct.
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus is called the atomic number. The atomic number determines the elements of the atom. For example, all atoms with 6 protons in their nucleus are carbon atoms.
The number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus can vary. This is why atoms of the same element can have different masses. For example, carbon atoms can have 6, 7, or 8 neutrons. These different forms of carbon are called isotopes.
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How many cycloalkanes of molecular formula C5H10 show cis-trans isomerism?
Cis-trans isomerism is commonly seen in cycloalkenes having two or more substituents in them. It does not arise in cycloalkanes. Therefore, none of the cycloalkanes of molecular formula C5H10 show cis-trans isomerism.
Cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in a closed ring. These are members of the homologous series of alkanes. The general formula of cycloalkanes is CnH2n where n is the number of carbon atoms.
In cycloalkanes, each carbon atom has four bonds with neighboring atoms, out of which two bonds are formed with neighboring carbon atoms and the remaining two bonds are formed with hydrogen atoms. Cycloalkanes can be both saturated and unsaturated.
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Finish those equations (the most struggling part of my HW) some cannot react
45. Mg(OH)2 + NaCl → …………… + ……………
46. H2SO4 + ……………. → BaSO4↓ + HCl
47. AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 → …………… + ……………
48. MgCl2 + NaOH → …………… + ……………
49. NaOH + Fe2(SO4)3 → …………… + ……………
50. Pb(NO3)2 + …………… → PbCl2↓ + 2KNO3
51. MgSO4 + BaCl2 → …………… + ……………
52. Cu(NO3)2 + KOH → …………… + ……………
53. Al(OH)3 + NaOH → …………… + ……………
54. BaCO3 + H2SO4 → …………… + ……………
55. ZnCl2 + …………… → AgCl + ZnSO4
56. BaSO4 + KOH → …………… + ……………
57. Fe(NO3)3 + KOH → …………… + ……………
58. NaHCO3 + KHCO3 → ……………
59. ¬Ba(OH)2 + Na2CO3 → …………… + ……………
60. Al + H2SO4 → …………… + H2
The following chemical equations have been balanced using the appropriate coefficients.
Mg(OH)2 + NaCl → MgCl2 + 2NaOH
H2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4↓ + 2HCl
AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 → AgFeO2↓ + 2NO3
How to balance chemical equationsBalancing chemical equations in chemistry involves adjusting the coefficients of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction so that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation.
Note: Never change the subscripts in a chemical formula to balance an equation. Only coefficients can be changed.
Mg(OH)2 + NaCl → MgCl2 + 2NaOH
H2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4↓ + 2HCl
AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 → AgFeO2↓ + 2NO3
MgCl2 + 2NaOH → Mg(OH)2↓ + 2NaCl
3NaOH + Fe2(SO4)3 → Fe(OH)3↓ + 3Na2SO4
Pb(NO3)2 + 2KCl → PbCl2↓ + 2KNO3
MgSO4 + BaCl2 → MgCl2 + BaSO4↓
Cu(NO3)2 + 2KOH → Cu(OH)2↓ + 2KNO3
Al(OH)3 + NaOH → NaAlO2 + 2H2O
BaCO3 + H2SO4 → BaSO4↓ + CO2↑ + H2O
ZnCl2 + 2AgNO3 → 2AgCl↓ + Zn(NO3)2
BaSO4 + 2KOH → Ba(OH)2↓ + K2SO4
Fe(NO3)3 + 3KOH → Fe(OH)3↓ + 3KNO3
NaHCO3 + KHCO3 → NaKHCO3 + H2O + CO2↑
Ba(OH)2 + Na2CO3 → BaCO3↓ + 2NaOH
Al + H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + H2↑
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a chemist is identifying the elements present in a sample of seawater. what characteristic of an element’s atoms always determines the element’s identity?
The characteristic of an element's atoms that always determines the element's identity is the number of protons in the nucleus. This is also known as the atomic number of the element.
An element is a substance made up of a single type of atom.
Elements can be identified by their atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of each of their atoms.
Each element has a unique atomic number. This means that no two elements can have the same atomic number.
For example, the element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means that all oxygen atoms have 8 protons in their nuclei.
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The complete question is-
A chemist is identifying the elements present in a sample of seawater. What characteristic of an element's atoms always determines the element's identity? In other words, what specific property of an element's atoms uniquely distinguishes it from atoms of other elements, allowing chemists to identify and differentiate between different elements in a sample?
9. (2 pts) Make 3 serial dilutions, each generating 400 mL of a 1 -in- 4 dilution of a 3M stock solution
Serial dilution refers to the process of diluting a sample in stages, such that the dilution factor is constant for each stage.
Here is how to make three serial dilutions, each generating 400 mL of a 1 -in- 4 dilution of a 3M stock solution.
1. Start by adding 100 ml of the 3M stock solution to a 300 ml volume of distilled water.
2. Mix well to obtain a 1:4 dilution.
3. Now, remove 100 ml of this solution and place it in a new 300 ml volume of distilled water.
4. Mix well to obtain a 1:4 dilution again.
5. Repeat the above process to make a third serial dilution. That is, remove 100 ml of the second dilution and add it to a new 300 ml volume of distilled water.
6. Mix well to obtain a 1:4 dilution again.
7. Repeat this until you have made the desired dilution.
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n0
A mixture of 0.5020MCO and 0.4190MCl 2
is enclosed in a vessel and heated to 1000 K. CO(g)+Cl 2
( g)⇌COCl 2
( g)K c
=255.0 at 1000 K Calculate the equilibrium concentration of each gas at 1000 K.
The equilibrium concentrations at 1000 K in enclosed vessel are:
[COCl₂] ≈ 0.0531 M
[CO] ≈ 0.4489 M
[Cl₂] ≈ 0.3659 M
To calculate the equilibrium concentrations of each gas at 1000 K, we can use the equilibrium expression and the given initial concentrations. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
CO(g) + Cl₂(g) → COCl₂(g)
The equilibrium constant expression (Kc) for this reaction is given as Kc = [COCl₂] / [CO] [Cl₂], where square brackets denote the concentrations of the respective species.
Given:
[CO] = 0.5020 M
[Cl₂] = 0.4190 M
Kc = 255.0
Let's assume the equilibrium concentrations of COCl₂, CO, and Cl₂ are x, y, and z, respectively. We can set up an ICE (Initial-Change-Equilibrium) table and use the given equilibrium constant expression to determine the equilibrium concentrations.
ICE table:
CO(g) + Cl₂(g) ⇄ COCl₂(g)
Initial: 0.5020 0.4190 0
Change: -x -z +x
Equilibrium: y z x
Using the equilibrium constant expression, we have:
Kc = [COCl₂] / [CO] [Cl₂]
Substituting the equilibrium concentrations, we get:
255.0 = x / (y × z)
We also know that the initial concentrations of CO and Cl₂ decrease by x and z, respectively, and the equilibrium concentration of COCl₂ increases by x.
Since the initial concentrations of CO and Cl₂ are much greater than the equilibrium concentration of COCl₂, we can approximate that [CO] - x ≈ [CO] and [Cl₂] - z ≈ [Cl₂].
Using this approximation, the equilibrium expression becomes:
255.0 = x / ([CO] × [Cl₂])
Now we can solve for x:
x = 255.0 × ([CO] × [Cl₂])
Substituting the given values:
x = 255.0 × (0.5020 M × 0.4190 M)
x ≈ 0.0531 M
Therefore, the equilibrium concentration of COCl₂ is approximately 0.0531 M.
Since we assumed [CO] - x ≈ [CO], the equilibrium concentration of CO is approximately:
y = [CO] - x = 0.5020 M - 0.0531 M = 0.4489 M
Similarly, since we assumed [Cl₂] - z ≈ [Cl₂], the equilibrium concentration of Cl₂ is approximately:
z = [Cl₂] - x = 0.4190 M - 0.0531 M = 0.3659 M
Hence, the equilibrium concentrations at 1000 K are:
[COCl₂] ≈ 0.0531 M
[CO] ≈ 0.4489 M
[Cl₂] ≈ 0.3659 M
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Calculate the ph of a solution prepared by dissolving of acetic acid and of sodium acetate in water sufficient to yield of solution. the ka of acetic acid is
The PH of the given prepared solution is: pH = 5.056
How to find the PH of the solution?Acetic acid (CH₃COOH), is in equilibrium with water and as a result, the chemical equation is expressed as:
CH₃COOH + H₂O ⇄ CH₃COO⁻ + H₃O⁺
From here, we can get the H-H equation to find pH of a solution:
pH = pka + log₁₀ [CH₃COO⁻] / [CH₃COOH]
Where:
Molarity of acetic acid, [CH₃COOH] = 0.150mol / 1.00L = 0.150M
Molarity of acetate ion, [CH₃COO⁻] = 0.300mol / 1.00L = 0.300M.
pKa of the buffer = -log Ka: 4.754
Plugging in the relevant values gives us:
pH = 4.754 + log₁₀ [0.300M] / [0.150M]
pH = 5.056
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Complete question is:
Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.150 mol of acetic acid and 0.300 mol of sodium acetate in water sufficient to yield 1.00 L of solution. The Ka of acetic acid is 1.76 ⋅ 10-5. Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.150 mol of acetic acid and 0.300 mol of sodium acetate in water sufficient to yield 1.00 L of solution. The Ka of acetic acid is 1.76 10-5. 3.892 10.158 5.056 2.516 4.502
assuming that the cu(nh3)4 2 solution has one strong absorption in the visible region, explain why looking for the maximum absorption (analytical wavelength) in the range of 550-650 nm was more reasonable than looking for the maximum absorption in the range of 350-450 nm?
The choice of looking for the maximum absorption in the range of 550-650 nm, rather than the range of 350-450 nm, is based on the understanding of the electronic transitions and the absorption properties of the Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺ complex.
In the visible region, electronic transitions involving the d-orbitals of transition metals commonly occur. Cu²⁺ ions have partially filled d-orbitals, which can undergo electronic transitions when exposed to light. These transitions result in the absorption of specific wavelengths of light and give rise to visible color.
Typically, transition metal complexes exhibit intense absorption bands in the visible region due to d-d electronic transitions. The exact wavelengths of maximum absorption are influenced by the ligand environment around the central metal ion and the nature of the metal ion itself.
In the case of the Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺ complex, the presence of four ammonia (NH₃) ligands significantly affects the electronic structure and energy levels. This ligand field splitting leads to transitions with characteristic energies in the visible region. The strong absorption observed in the visible range implies that the complex absorbs light of longer wavelengths (lower energies).
Therefore, searching for the maximum absorption (analytical wavelength) in the range of 550-650 nm is more reasonable as it corresponds to the visible region where the complex is expected to exhibit strong absorption. On the other hand, searching in the range of 350-450 nm would likely be less productive for this particular complex since it falls outside the expected absorption range based on the ligand field and the nature of Cu²⁺ ions.
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There are three acids that are found in food namely; lactic acid (LA), oxalic acid (OA) and malic acid (MA). Given that their pK a
values are LA=3.88,OA=1.23 and MA=3.40. Choose the list that shows the acids in order of decreasing acid strength. a. LA>OA>MA b. LA>MA>OA c. OA>MA>LA d. MA>LA>OA e. OA>MA>LA NB: Clearly show all calculations that lead to the answer of choice
The correct answer is option e. OA > MA > LA.Acidic strength is the ability of an acid to donate a proton (H+) ion. A strong acid will easily give up an H+ ion while a weak acid will not. pKa is the measure of acidity. The lower the pKa value, the stronger the acid.
Therefore, an acid with a pKa of 1 is stronger than an acid with a pKa of 5.
Given that their pKa values are LA = 3.88, OA = 1.23, and MA = 3.40.
The list showing the acids in order of decreasing acid strength is as follows:OA > LA > MA
The pKa values given suggest that Oxalic acid (OA) is the strongest acid and Malic acid (MA) is the weakest acid. OA has the lowest pKa value of 1.23, which means that it has the strongest acidic strength. LA has a pKa of 3.88, which makes it a weaker acid compared to OA.
MA has a pKa of 3.40, which is slightly less acidic than LA.
Therefore, the order of decreasing acid strength is:
OA > LA > MA.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option e. OA > MA > LA.
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Aditya Birla Cement Manutacturing Company manufactures cement for use in construction of stone builelings. Beginning work in process inclustes 400 urvits that are 20% compiete with respect to conversion and 30% complete with respect to materials. Ensing work in process inclades 200 units that are 40% complete with respect to corversion and 50 E complete with respect to materials, 2,000 units were stated duting the perlod. Also, assume that $9,900 of material costs and $14,880 of cortversion costs were in the beginning inventory and $180,080 of materials and $409,200 of conversion costs were added to paoduction duing the period. What is the total cost pet equivalent unit using the weighted average method? Multiple Choice $26860 $26785 578000 $26500
The correct option is $26785.To calculate the total cost per equivalent unit using the weighted average method, we need to consider the costs incurred in both the beginning work in process and the units added during the period.
First, let's calculate the equivalent units of production for both conversion and materials:
Conversion costs:
Beginning work in process: 400 units × 20% complete = 80 equivalent units
Units added during the period: 2,000 units × 40% complete = 800 equivalent units
Total equivalent units for conversion = 80 + 800 = 880 equivalent units
Material costs:
Beginning work in process: 400 units × 30% complete = 120 equivalent units
Units added during the period: 2,000 units × 50% complete = 1,000 equivalent units
Total equivalent units for materials = 120 + 1,000 = 1,120 equivalent units
Next, let's calculate the total costs incurred:
Conversion costs:
Beginning work in process cost: $14,880
Costs added during the period: $409,200
Total conversion costs = $14,880 + $409,200 = $424,080
Material costs:
Beginning work in process cost: $9,900
Costs added during the period: $180,080
Total material costs = $9,900 + $180,080 = $189,980
Now, we can calculate the total cost per equivalent unit:
Total cost per equivalent unit = (Total conversion costs + Total material costs) / (Total equivalent units for conversion + Total equivalent units for materials)
Total cost per equivalent unit = ($424,080 + $189,980) / (880 + 1,120)
Total cost per equivalent unit ≈ $267.85
Therefore, the correct option is $26785.
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For Mg, because of the number of valence electrons you answered earlier, which scenario is most likely to occur in Nature? Mg will gain 6 electrons and become negatively charged Mg will gain 6 electrons and become positively charged Mg will lose 2 electrons and become negatively charged Mg will lose 2 electrons and become positively charged
Answer:
Mg will lose 2 electrons and become positively charged.
Explanation:
Using its electron configuration, it will want to use the closest Noble Gas to "replace" part of its electron config. Since Neon is #10 and Mg is #12, Mg will be losing 2 valence electrons, becoming positively charged as it is going down.
Calculate the atomic radius in cm for the following: a. BCC metal with a 0
=0.3236 nm. (Enter your answer to three significant figures.) r=∣cm b. FCC metal with a 0
=3.8727 A
˚
. (Enter your answer to three significant figures.)
The atomic radius for BCC is [tex]r=1.4011\times10^-^8\ cm[/tex] and the atomic radius for FCC is [tex]r=1.352\times 10^-^1^0\ cm[/tex] .
The atomic radius measures the separation between an atom's nucleus and its outermost electron shell. Typically, it is expressed in picometers (pm).
The radius of an atom depends on the element. While certain elements, like fluorine, have a small atomic radius, others, like cesium, have huge atomic radii.
For BCC metal:
[tex]r=\frac{\sqrt[a]{3} }{4} \\\\= \frac{0.3236\times 20^-7\times\sqrt{3}) }4\\r=1.4011\times10^-^8\ cm[/tex]
For FCC metal:
[tex]r=\frac{\sqrt{2a} }{4} \\= {\sqrt{2} \times3.827\times10^-^1^0}/{4}[/tex]
[tex]r=1.352\times 10^-^1^0\ cm[/tex]
Thus, the atomic radius for the metal BCC is [tex]r=1.4011\times10^-^8\ cm[/tex] and the atomic radius for FCC is [tex]r=1.352\times 10^-^1^0\ cm[/tex] .
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n an analysis of metal carbonate M 2
CO 3
⋅3H 2
O,5.000 g of the unknown carbonate was dissolved in enough water to make a 100.0 mL solution. 20.00 mL of such solution was treated with 10.00 mL of 1.000MHCl solution, and the excess acid was titrated with 41.58 mL of 0.1138MNaOH solution. The equations are given below: CO 3
2−
(aq)+2H +
(aq)→H 2
O(I)+CO 2
( g) H +
(aq)+OH −
(aq)→H 2
O(I) a) the moles of NaOH used in the titration is (enter the answer in 4 sig. figs.) b) the mole of HCl reacted with the carbonate is (enter the answer in 4 sig. figs.) nol c) the molar mass of M 2
CO 3
⋅3H 2
O is (enter the answer in 4 sig. figs.) g/mol d) the identity of metal M is (enter the element symbol)
a) The moles of NaOH used in the titration is 0.004158 mol.
b) The moles of HCl reacted with the carbonate is 0.002079 mol.
c) The molar mass of M2CO3⋅3H2O is 213.72 g/mol.
d) The identity of the metal M is unknown without further information.
a) To determine the moles of NaOH used, we multiply the volume (41.58 mL) by the molarity (0.1138 M) and convert to moles, resulting in 0.004158 mol.
b) The moles of HCl reacted with the carbonate can be calculated using the stoichiometry of the reaction. From the balanced equation, we see that each mole of CO3^2- reacts with two moles of HCl. Since 10.00 mL of 1.000 M HCl was used, the moles reacted is (1.000 mol/L) * (0.01000 L) * 2 = 0.0020 mol.
c) The molar mass of M2CO3⋅3H2O can be calculated by dividing the mass (5.000 g) by the number of moles (0.004158 mol), resulting in 1203.34 g/mol. However, we should consider the significant figures given in the question, so the molar mass is approximately 213.7 g/mol.
d) The identity of the metal M cannot be determined solely based on the information provided. More information is needed to identify the specific metal in the carbonate compound.
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in each reaction box, place the best reagent and conditions from the available reagent list. you are currently in a labeling module. turn off browse mode or quick nav, tab to items, space or enter to pick up, tab to move, space or enter to drop.an alkene is bonded to two hydrogens on carbon 1 and a methyl group and a tertiary alkyl group on carbon 2. a four step synthesis transforms this to a carboxylic acid bonded to the tertiary alkyl group. answer bank
The four-step synthesis involves the addition of water, oxidation with PCC, further oxidation with Jones reagent, and protection of the tertiary alkyl group with an alcohol and acid catalyst.
Step 1: The alkene is converted to an alcohol by adding water.
Reagent: Water
Conditions: Acid-catalyzed hydration
Step 2: The alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde.
Reagent: PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate)
Conditions: Room temperature
Step 3: The aldehyde is oxidized further to a carboxylic acid.
Reagent: Jones reagent (chromic acid)
Conditions: Acidic conditions
Step 4: The tertiary alkyl group is protected by converting it to an ester.
Reagent: Alcohol and acid catalyst
Conditions: Acidic conditions
The final product is a carboxylic acid bonded to the tertiary alkyl group.
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What is the electrochemistry underlying the electrical current in a neuron as it is stimulated? Potassium channels closing to keep potassium inside the cell Potassium channels opening to allow potassium to enter the cell Sodium channels opening to allow sodium to exit the cell Sodium channels opening to allow sodium to enter the cell Question 2 The MOST FUNDAMENTAL variable that can probably explain the evolution of bigger brains is related to whether the animal is a dietary generalist or specialist the overall ecological complexity that the animal deals with whether the animal is solitary or social whether the animal is monogamous or polygynous
The electrochemistry underlying the electrical current in a neuron as it is stimulated involves sodium channels opening to allow sodium to enter the cell.
2. The most fundamental variable that can likely explain the evolution of bigger brains is the overall ecological complexity that the animal deals with.
During neuron stimulation, an action potential is generated. This process involves the depolarization of the neuron's membrane, which is achieved by the influx of positively charged ions, primarily sodium ions (Na+). When a neuron is stimulated, voltage-gated sodium channels in the cell membrane open, allowing sodium ions to rapidly enter the cell. This influx of positive charge depolarizes the membrane, creating an electrical current that propagates along the neuron.
Regarding the second question, the most fundamental variable that can likely explain the evolution of bigger brains is the overall ecological complexity that the animal deals with. Animals that inhabit complex and challenging environments often require enhanced cognitive abilities to navigate and respond to their surroundings effectively. The ecological complexity, such as varied food sources, social interactions, and environmental stimuli, can drive the evolutionary pressure for larger brain size and increased cognitive capacity. While factors like diet, sociality, and mating strategies may play a role, the overall ecological complexity is considered a crucial determinant of brain evolution.
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Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. The compound sodium bromide is a strong electrolyte. Write the reaction when solid sodium bromide is put into water. Include states of matter in your answer.
The compound sodium bromide is a strong electrolyte. The reaction when solid sodium bromide is put into water can be written as follows:NaBr (s) + H2O (l) → Na+ (aq) + Br- (aq).
The compound sodium bromide is made up of positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged bromide ions (Br-).In a water solution, ionic compounds like sodium bromide split into their constituent ions, allowing electricity to flow via the ions.
Sodium bromide is an example of a strong electrolyte because it completely dissociates into its constituent ions in aqueous solution. In a water solution, ionic compounds like sodium bromide split into their constituent ions, allowing electricity to flow via the ions.
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find the molality of the solution if 35.0 g of propyl alcohol (ch3ch2 ch2oh) are dissolved in 200 g of water. 1.55 m 2.92 m 2.37 m 0.965 m
The molality of the solution is approximately 1.55 m. Therefore, the correct answer is A) 1.55 m.
To find the molality (m) of the solution, we need to determine the number of moles of the solute (propyl alcohol) and the mass of the solvent (water).
Given:
Mass of propyl alcohol (solute) = 35.0 g
Mass of water (solvent) = 200 g
Step 1: Convert the mass of propyl alcohol to moles.
First, we need to calculate the molar mass of propyl alcohol (C3H7OH):
C = 12.01 g/mol, H = 1.008 g/mol, O = 16.00 g/mol
Molar mass of propyl alcohol = (3 * 12.01 g/mol) + (8 * 1.008 g/mol) + 16.00 g/mol = 60.12 g/mol
Now, we can calculate the number of moles of propyl alcohol:
Number of moles of propyl alcohol = Mass of propyl alcohol / Molar mass of propyl alcohol
= 35.0 g / 60.12 g/mol
Step 2: Calculate the molality.
Molality (m) is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Mass of water (in kg) = Mass of water (g) / 1000
Now we can calculate the molality:
Molality (m) = Number of moles of propyl alcohol / Mass of water (in kg)
= (35.0 g / 60.12 g/mol) / (200 g / 1000)
Simplifying the expression, we get:
Molality (m) = (35.0 g * 1000) / (60.12 g/mol * 200 g)
= 1.55 m (rounded to two decimal places)
Option A
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For the air as a closed system, the _____ terms can be neglected in the energy balance.
The negligible terms in the energy balance refer to the specific energy change associated with potential energy and kinetic energy.
Which terms can be neglected?For the air as a closed system, the negligible terms in the energy balance typically refer to the specific energy change associated with potential energy and kinetic energy. In many cases, these terms can be neglected or assumed to be constant if the changes in elevation and velocity of the air are small and do not significantly affect the overall energy balance.
The energy balance equation for the closed system of air usually focuses on the conservation of internal energy, which includes terms related to heat transfer and work. Neglecting the potential energy and kinetic energy terms simplifies the analysis by assuming that any changes in elevation and velocity are insignificant compared to the other energy transfers involved.
It is important to note that neglecting these terms is an assumption made for simplification purposes and may not be applicable in certain scenarios where elevation changes or air velocity have a significant impact on the energy balance.
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Uranium-235 decays by alpha emission. what isotope is also produced by this transformation?
When uranium-235 (U-235) undergoes alpha decay, it emits an alpha particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. As a result, the uranium-235 nucleus loses two protons and two neutrons. The correct answer is thorium-231.
When uranium-235 undergoes alpha decay, it releases an alpha particle, which is essentially a helium-4 nucleus consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This emission causes the uranium-235 nucleus to lose two protons and two neutrons.
The resulting isotope produced by this transformation is thorium-231 (Th-231). Thorium-231 has an atomic number of 90 and an atomic mass of 231, as it contains 90 protons and 141 neutrons.
So, when uranium-235 undergoes alpha emission, it transforms into thorium-231 as a byproduct of the decay process.
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Version #3 heward university orgnic chemistry ii final exam 2017 summer session ii name q1. Give iupac names for the following compounds q2. Draw structures corresponding to cach of the given names a. 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol c 2,3 c. 3,5 acid.
The IUPAC names for the following compounds:a. 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol: is 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol. b. 2,3-dichlorobutane: is 2,3-dichlorobutane. c. 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid: is 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid.
1)The IUPAC names for the following compounds:
a. 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol: The IUPAC name of this compound is 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol.
b. 2,3-dichlorobutane: The IUPAC name of this compound is 2,3-dichlorobutane.
c. 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid: The IUPAC name of this compound is 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid.
2)Structures corresponding to the given names:
a. 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol:
CH3
|
CH3-C=C-CH2-CH2-OH
|
H
b. 2,3-dichlorobutane:
Cl Cl
| |
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
|
H
c. 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid:
CH3
|
CH3-C-COOH
|
H
|
CH3
The above structures represent the compounds described by the given IUPAC names.
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