Answer:
c. 11.2
Explanation:
What are some ways vehicle makers could decrease the weight of vehicles and make them more aerodynamic? What are some of the tradeoffs that engineers might have to make to decrease the weight of a vehicle and the air resistance it encounters?
analyse the effects of the monosubstituents,
Effect of substituents groups -OH, -CI, -NO2, -CH3 on the benzene ring. For each one predict the
position that the attacking species will go to (2, 3 or 4 on the ring) and give the IUPAC name. Including, Whay a particular postion on the rings are favoured
And Percentage yield of isomers formed.
The effects of different monosubstituents (-OH, -Cl, -NO2, -CH3) on a benzene ring can be analyzed in terms of their electron-donating or electron-withdrawing nature and their impact on the reactivity of the ring towards attacking species.
-OH (Hydroxyl group): The -OH group is electron-donating, increasing electron density on the benzene ring. It directs the attacking species to the ortho (2) and para (4) positions. The IUPAC name for the ortho isomer is 2-hydroxybenzene or o-hydroxybenzene.
-Cl (Chlorine atom): The -Cl group is weakly electron-withdrawing, decreasing electron density on the benzene ring. It directs the attacking species to the meta (3) position. The IUPAC name for the meta isomer is 3-chlorobenzene.
-NO2 (Nitro group): The -NO2 group is strongly electron-withdrawing, significantly decreasing electron density on the benzene ring. It directs the attacking species to the meta (3) position. The IUPAC name for the meta isomer is 3-nitrobenzene.
-CH3 (Methyl group): The -CH3 group is weakly electron-donating, increasing electron density on the benzene ring. It does not direct the attacking species to any specific position but rather leads to the formation of a mixture of ortho, meta, and para isomers. The IUPAC name for the methylbenzene isomers are ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, and para-xylene.
Regarding the favored positions, the directing effect is influenced by the electronic nature of the substituents and steric hindrance. Electron-donating groups (such as -OH and -CH3) increase electron density, making the ortho and para positions more favorable.
Electron-withdrawing groups (such as -Cl and -NO2) decrease electron density, making the meta position more favorable.
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For the equilibrium system described by
2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3, (g)
The equilibrium concentrations of SO2, O2, and SO3, were 0.75 M, 0.30 M, and 0.15 M, respectively.
Calculate the equilibrium constant, K. * for the reaction.
Answer: The reaction's equilibrium constant (K) will be around 0.1333.
Explanation:
In order to do this, first off you need to know the reactant and product equilibrium concentrations in order to determine the equilibrium constant (K) for the given reaction. The equilibrium concentrations are as follows based on the data given:
[SO2] = 0.75 M [O2] = 0.30 M
[SO3] = 0.15 M
For the indicated reaction, the equation for the equilibrium constant is:
K is equal to ([SO3]2 / ([SO2]2 * [O2])
the equilibrium concentrations into the equation:
K = (0.15^2) / (0.75^2 * 0.30)
K = 0.0225 / 0.16875
(Rounded to four decimal places) K = 0.1333
As a result, the reaction's equilibrium constant (K) is around 0.1333.
1 is almost pure form of Carbon
Answer:
Coke
Explanation:
Coke is a feul made out of almost pure carbon.
I hope this helps...
Have a nice day <3
Answer:
Coke
Coke is a fuel with few impurities and a high carbon content, usually made from coal. It is almost pure form of carbon.
Hope this helps :)
Pls brainliest...
How many atoms of germanium are in 1.65 moles ge
Answer: The number of atoms in 1.65 moles of Germanium is 9.9433 * 10^23 atoms of Ge.
Explanation:
The number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance, is 6.022 * 10^23 which is Avogadro's number.
1 mole of Ge = 6.022 * 10^23 atoms of Ge.
1.65 moles of Ge =1.65*6.022*10^23 atoms of Ge .
Therefore, The number of atoms in 1.65 moles of Germanium is 9.9433 * 10^23 atoms of Ge.
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Please help ASAP! 60points, and I’ll mark as brainliest!!!!!
Tasks are in the picture.
Answer:
1. To find the pH of a 0.1 M solution of HNO₂, we first need to calculate the concentration of H+ ions in the solution using the dissociation constant K.
HNO₂ ⇌ H+ + NO₂-
K = [H+][NO₂-]/[HNO₂]
We know that the initial concentration of HNO₂ is 0.1 M, and that the dissociation constant K is 4.5×10^-4. Let x be the concentration of H+ ions in the solution.
K = [H+][NO₂-]/[HNO₂]
4.5×10^-4 = x(0.1-x)/0.1
Simplifying the equation gives us:
x^2 - 4.5×10^-5x + 4.5×10^-6 = 0
Using the quadratic formula, we get:
x = (4.5×10^-5 ± √(4.5×10^-5 - 4(1)(4.5×10^-6))) / 2(1)
x = 1.5×10^-3 or 3×10^-4
Since the concentration of H+ ions must be less than 0.1 M, we reject the larger value and take x = 3×10^-4 M.
To calculate the pH, we use the formula:
pH = -log[H+]
pH = -log(3×10^-4) = 3.52
2. To find the pH of a 0.05 M solution of NHẠOH, we first need to calculate the concentration of OH- ions in the solution using the dissociation constant K.
NHẠOH ⇌ NH₂- + OH-
K = [NH₂-][OH-]/[NHẠOH]
We know that the initial concentration of NHẠOH is 0.05 M, and that the dissociation constant K is 1.8×10^5. Let x be the concentration of OH- ions in the solution.
K = [NH₂-][OH-]/[NHẠOH]
1.8×10^5 = x(0.05-x)/0.05
Simplifying the equation gives us:
x^2 - 1.8×10^-3x + 9×10^-6 = 0
Using the quadratic formula, we get:
x = (1.8×10^-3 ± √(1.8×10^-3 - 4(1)(9×10^-6))) / 2(1)
x = 9.0×10^-3 or 1×10^-3
Since the concentration of OH- ions must be less than 0.05 M, we reject the larger value and take x = 1×10^-3 M.
To calculate the pOH, we use the formula:
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = -log(1×10^-3) = 3
To calculate the pH, we use the formula:
pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 - pOH = 11
3. To find the pH of a 0.3 M solution of H₂S, we first need to calculate the concentration of H+ ions in the solution using the dissociation constant K.
H₂S ⇌ H+ + HS-
K = [H+][HS-]/[H₂S]
We know that the initial concentration of H₂S is 0.3 M, and that the dissociation constant K is 1.0×10^-7. Let
Explanation:
Pewter is a solidified solution of tin and lead or tin and zinc. In both cases, tin is the main component. Which metal would you classify as the solute in each type of pewter?
In respiration,energy is released when oxygen and glucose react to make carbon dioxide and water, according to this equation:
CO₂ ₊ H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ ₊ O₂
Explain
why this reaction is an exothermic reaction, you should refer to bonds in your answer
Answer:
The reaction CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ is exothermic because it releases energy. The energy is released because the bonds in the products (C₆H₁₂O₆ and O₂) are stronger than the bonds in the reactants (CO₂ and H₂O). Specifically, the reaction releases energy because the bonds between carbon and oxygen in CO₂ and the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in H₂O are weaker than the bonds between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in C₆H₁₂O₆ and the bonds between oxygen atoms in O₂
Part 2: Demonstration of Thermal Energy Transfer Between Liquids
1. Fill one beaker with 100 mL of room-temperature water.
2. Fill a second beaker with 100 ml. of warm tap water.
3. Place a thermometer in each beaker. Record the temperature when it stops changing.
Question 5
How do you know that over time the thermometer will come to be the same temperature as the water it is in?
4. Carefully pour the room-temperature water mixture into the warm water. Place a thermometer in this
water. Record the temperature after it stops changing,
5. Record the temperature of the mixture again after 5 minutes and after 10 minutes.
6. Refill the first beaker with 100 ml. of room-temperature water.
7. Fill a third beaker with 100 mL of ice.
Question 6
What is the temperature of the ice? How do you know?
An element has 2 stable isotopes. One has 13 amu and 1.07% abundant . The second has 12 amu and 98.93% abundant. What is the average atomic mass of the element
The average atomic mass of the element is 12.0107 amu.
To calculate the average atomic mass of the element in question, we can use the following formula:
average atomic mass = (mass of isotope 1 x abundance of isotope 1) + (mass of isotope 2 x abundance of isotope 2)
where "mass of isotope 1" is the mass of the first stable isotope (13 amu in this case), "abundance of isotope 1" is the percentage of that isotope in the element (1.07% in this case), "mass of isotope 2" is the mass of the second stable isotope (12 amu in this case), and "abundance of isotope 2" is the percentage of that isotope in the element (98.93% in this case).
Substituting the given values in the formula, we get:
average atomic mass = (13 amu x 1.07%) + (12 amu x 98.93%)
average atomic mass = (0.1391 amu) + (11.8716 amu)
average atomic mass = 12.0107 amu
Therefore, the average atomic mass of the element is 12.0107 amu.
This means that on average, one atom of this element weighs 12.0107 atomic mass units (amu), which is slightly heavier than the most abundant isotope (12 amu) due to the presence of the less abundant isotope (13 amu). This concept is important in chemistry because the mass of atoms plays a crucial role in determining their chemical and physical properties. The knowledge of the average atomic mass of an element is important in a wide range of applications, including analytical chemistry, geochemistry, and nuclear physics.
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ciples of Chemistry I (CHEM-1411-002)
Question
A gas has a pressure of 0.750 atm and occupies 20.0 L at 25.00 °C. What volume (in liters) will the gas occupy if the
pressure is increased to 1.30 atm and the temperature is decreased to 15.00 °C?
• Use -273.15 K for absolute zero.
• Report your answer with three significant figures.
Provide your answer below
The volume (in liters) the gas occupy if the pressure is increased to 1.30 atm and the temperature is decreased to 15.00 °C is 11.2 liters
How do i determine the new volume of the gas?The following parameters were obtained from the question:
Initial pressure of gas (P₁) = 0.75 atmInitial volume of gas (V₁) = 20.0 LInitial temperature of gas (T₁) = 25.00 °C = 25.00 + 273.15 = 298.15 KNew pressure (P₂) = 1.30 atmNew temperature (T₂) = 15.00 °C = 15.00 + 273.15 = 288.15 KNew volume of gas (V₂) = ?The combined gas equation states as follow:
P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂
Inputting the given parameters, we have
(0.75 × 20) / 298.15 = (1.30 × V₂) / 288.15
Cross multiply
298.15 × 1.30 × V₂ = 0.75 × 20 × 288.15
Divide both side by (298.15 × 1.30)
V₂ = (0.75 × 20 × 288.15) / (298.15 × 1.30)
V₂ = 11.2 liters
Thus, we can conclude that the volume of the gas is 11.2 liters
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13. You are given the equation S + NaOH Na₂S₂O3 + Na₂S +H₂O
i. Explain with electronic concept which substance is oxidised and which is reduced?
ii.Balance the equation by Ion electron or oxidation number method.
iii. Indicate the number of NaOH molecules used.
Explanation:
Sulfur Reduction Balancing
QUESTION
You are given the equation S + NaOH Na₂S₂O3 + Na₂S +H₂O
i. Explain with electronic concept which substance is oxidised and which is reduced?
ii.Balance the equation by Ion electron or oxidation number method.
iii. Indicate the number of NaOH molecules used.
ANSWER
i. In this reaction, the sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃) is being formed from the reaction between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sulfur (S). Since sodium thiosulfate has a lower oxidation state of sulfur than elemental sulfur, it can be inferred that sulfur has been reduced, meaning it has gained electrons. On the other hand, sodium hydroxide has not undergone any change in oxidation state, so it can be concluded that it is not oxidized or reduced in this reaction.
ii. To balance the equation using the oxidation number method, we first need to assign oxidation states to each element.
S + NaOH → Na₂S₂O₃ + Na₂S + H₂O
S: 0 → -2
Na: +1 → +1
O: -2 → -2
H: +1 → +1
Now we can see that sulfur has been reduced from 0 to -2, and the oxygen in thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻) has been oxidized from -2 to -1. We can balance the equation by adding electrons to the left-hand side to balance the reduction of sulfur and removing electrons from the right-hand side to balance the oxidation of oxygen.
S + 2NaOH + 2e⁻ → Na₂S + 2e⁻ + H₂O
S + 2NaOH → Na₂S + H₂O
S + 2NaOH → Na₂S₂O₃ + Na₂S + H₂O
2S + 4NaOH → Na₂S₂O₃ + 2Na₂S + 2H₂O
Therefore, the balanced equation is: 2S + 4NaOH → Na₂S₂O₃ + 2Na₂S + 2H₂O
iii. The equation indicates that 4 molecules of NaOH are used in the reaction.
Why doesn't the red line showing the IR spectrum emitted from the earth's surface match the blue line showing the expected IR spectrum from a 300˚C object?
-Some of the light emitted is used to heat building.
-Molecules in the atmosphere such as CO2 and H2O absorb the radiation.
-Contrails from airplanes absorb the radiation cause the dip at 14 micrometers.
-IR radiation at 14 micrometers is not actually emitted by the earth's surface.
The red line showing the IR spectrum emitted from the earth's surface does not match the blue line showing the expected IR spectrum from a 300˚C object because:
Molecules in the atmosphere such as CO₂ and H₂O absorb the radiation; option B.What is IR spectroscopy?IR spectroscopy studies Infrared (IR) light in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Sensors are used by thermal detection systems, also known as infrared detection systems, to detect radiation in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
In order to create an electronic signal, an infrared camera must first detect the thermal energy or heat, that the scene being seen emits. After processing this signal, an image is created.
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The Carbon-14 content of an ancient piece of wood was found to be one eighth of that in living trees. How old is this piece of wood assuming the half-life of Carbon-14 is 5770 years.
Answer:
its 5770 yrs old
Explanation:
H U R R Y
-
Select the correct location on the diagram.
Which location represents the enthalpy of reaction?
Answer:
the organisms
Explanation:
What’s does a double replacement reaction look like
Answer:A double displacement is a reaction in which the positive and negative ions of two ionic compounds exchange places to form two new compounds. The general form of a double-displacement (also called double-replacement) reaction is:
Explanation: AB + CD = AD +CB
In this reaction, A and C are positively-charged cations, while B and D are negatively-charged anions. Double-displacement reactions generally occur between substances in an aqueous solution. In order for a reaction to occur, one of the products is usually a solid precipitate, a gas, or a molecular compound such as water.
For example
NaCN(aq) + HBr(aq) = NaBr(aq) + HCN(g)
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Which characteristic of a livable exoplanet does the image below support?
A. The planet needs have an acceptable surface composition
B. The planet needs to have reliable source of energy
C. The planet needs to have liquid water available
D. The planet needs to have an atmosphere to retain heat and reflect solar radiation
The image below shows a planet with a visible atmosphere surrounding it. This supports the characteristic of a livable exoplanet that it needs to have an atmosphere to retain heat and reflect solar radiation, hence option D) is correct.
The image below shows a planet with a visible atmosphere surrounding it. This supports the characteristic of a livable exoplanet that it needs to have an atmosphere to retain heat and reflect solar radiation. The atmosphere of a planet plays a crucial role in regulating its temperature and maintaining a stable climate. The presence of an atmosphere allows for the trapping of heat from the planet's surface, creating a greenhouse effect that keeps the temperature within a habitable range. The atmosphere also helps to reflect solar radiation, preventing the planet from overheating. Additionally, the presence of an atmosphere protects the planet's surface from harmful cosmic rays and radiation from its star. Therefore, the presence of an atmosphere on a planet is an essential characteristic of a livable exoplanet, and the image supports this by showing a planet with a visible atmosphere surrounding it. Therefore option D) is correct.
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if 650J heat is absorbed by a system and 450J work is done on the system, then find the change in internal energy of the system
Answer: 380 J. Please mark
Explanation:
lphins... Acid. (b) Chlorine reacts with red hot iron powder to give Iron(III) Chloride but not Iron (II) Chloride. Explain. (1Mark)
(a) Because acid is caustic, dolphins can perish from exposure to it. Acids are compounds that give other things protons (H+). Acid can react with the proteins and lipids in dolphins' skin when they come into touch with it, leading to chemical burns and damage to the underlying tissue. Systemic consequences from this include death.
(b) Because chlorine is a potent oxidizer, it interacts with red-hot iron powder to produce Iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) rather than Iron(II) chloride (FeCl2). FeCl3 is created when chlorine at high temperatures rapidly accepts electrons from iron atoms. Contrarily, iron interacts with HCl, a less potent oxidizer than chlorine, to produce FeCl2.
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A scientific law is different from a scientific theory because it describes something in nature without attempting to explain it.
Yes, that statement is generally correct. A scientific law is a statement that describes a phenomenon or pattern in nature, often expressed mathematically, without attempting to explain why it occurs. A scientific theory, on the other hand, is a well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena, based on empirical evidence and scientific reasoning.
A scientific law summarizes what happens in a particular situation, often in the form of an equation or formula, whereas a scientific theory attempts to explain why it happens.
For example, the law of gravity describes the attraction between masses, but it does not explain why this attraction occurs. In contrast, the theory of general relativity attempts to explain the underlying principles of gravity, including its effects on the curvature of space-time.
It's worth noting that both scientific laws and scientific theories are based on empirical evidence, but they serve different purposes in scientific inquiry. Laws describe what happens in a particular situation, while theories attempt to explain why it happens.
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Explain how an anthropologists uses a regression formula to estimate height
Provide an example with correct calculations
(ignore my tag for it being about chem they don't have forensics science on this site ig)
CONCISE CHEMISTRY 6 Revised Middle School SELINA book it is and pls tell me chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY ALL BACK BOOK EXERCISES
Chapter 1 of the Concise Chemistry 6 Revised Middle School SELINA book, titled "Introduction to Chemistry," provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and principles of chemistry. This chapter serves as a foundation for understanding the subject.
The back book exercises in this chapter aim to reinforce the students' comprehension and application of the introductory concepts. These exercises typically cover a range of topics such as the definition of chemistry, the branches of chemistry, the scientific method, and basic laboratory techniques.
Students may be asked to define key terms related to chemistry, such as matter, substance, element, compound, and mixture. They may also explore the different branches of chemistry, such as organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, and biochemistry. Additionally, students may be introduced to the scientific method and the steps involved in conducting scientific experiments.
The exercises in this chapter may also involve practical applications, such as identifying laboratory apparatus and understanding safety precautions. Students may be asked to differentiate between physical and chemical changes, as well as classify various substances based on their properties.
Overall, the exercises in Chapter 1 of the Concise Chemistry 6 Revised Middle School SELINA book aim to provide students with a solid foundation in the basic principles and terminology of chemistry, preparing them for more advanced topics in subsequent chapters.
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Melting, freezing, and boiling are chemical changes because the type of molecules or substance changes. molecular changes because the structure of the substance changes. compounds because bonds between the elements are broken. physical changes because the type of molecules or substance stays the sam
Melting, freezing, and boiling are considered physical changes as the type of molecules or substance remains the same throughout these processes.
Melting, freezing, and boiling are physical changes because they involve a change in the state or phase of a substance without altering its chemical composition. These processes do not result in the formation or breaking of chemical bonds or the creation of new substances. During melting, a solid substance changes into a liquid state as heat energy is applied, while freezing is the reverse process where a liquid turns into a solid upon cooling. Both melting and freezing involve changes in the arrangement and movement of particles, but the fundamental identity and chemical composition of the substance remain the same. Boiling, on the other hand, is the process where a liquid substance changes into a gaseous state with the application of heat. Again, no chemical bonds are broken or formed during boiling, and the substance retains its molecular identity. Therefore, melting, freezing, and boiling are considered physical changes as the type of molecules or substance remains the same throughout these processes.
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10. What noble gas makes up about 1% of the air in our atmosphere?
Answer:
Explanation:
argon
Answer:
One of the most common questions in chemistry is what noble gas makes up about 1% of the air in our atmosphere. Noble gases are a group of elements that have very low reactivity and high stability. They are found in the last column of the periodic table and have eight electrons in their outermost shell, except for helium, which has two. The noble gas that accounts for about 1% of the air we breathe is argon. Argon is a colorless, odorless, and inert gas that was discovered in 1894 by Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay. Argon is produced by the radioactive decay of potassium-40 in the Earth's crust and mantle. It is also used in various applications, such as welding, lighting, and preserving historical documents. Argon is not harmful to humans or the environment, but it can displace oxygen in enclosed spaces and cause suffocation if inhaled in large amounts.
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How many moles of NaHCO3
are in 27.5 g NaHCO3
?
13.
A
Is the following compound ionic or covalent?
When dissolved in water, the solution is a good conductor of electricity.
Covalent
B
lonic
Based on the information provided, if a compound, when dissolved in water, is a good conductor of electricity, it suggests that the compound is ionic in nature.
Based on the information provided, if a compound, when dissolved in water, is a good conductor of electricity, it suggests that the compound is ionic in nature. Ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges. These ions are held together by electrostatic attractions, creating a lattice structure. When such a compound is dissolved in water, the ions dissociate and become free to move, allowing for the flow of electric charge. In contrast, covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. They typically do not dissociate into ions in water, and thus, their solutions are poor conductors of electricity. Therefore, based on the given information, it is likely that the compound in question is ionic, as its solution exhibits good conductivity when dissolved in water.
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The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship, which was then riding at anchor, and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror when I was carried on board. I was immediately handled and tossed up to see if I were sound by some of the crew; and I was now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, andthat they were going to kill me. Paraphrase the central idea. Paraphrase the supporting details
Central idea: The author's first experience of seeing a slave ship at the coast filled him with astonishment, but that soon turned into terror when he was taken on board and mistreated by the crew.
Paraphrased supporting details: When the author arrived at the coast, he was amazed by the sight of the sea and a slave ship waiting to collect its human cargo.
However, his sense of wonder quickly turned into fear when he was brought on board and handled roughly by the crew who checked to see if he was fit for enslavement. The author, at this point, believed he had entered a world of evil spirits and was in danger of being killed.
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Fill in the blanks in the following synthesis.
Synthesis reactions happen when two separate atoms or molecules interact to create a new chemical or molecule.
What is Synthesis reaction?When a synthesis reaction takes place, energy is often released, and the reaction is exothermic. An endothermic result, however, is also conceivable. One of the main categories of chemical reactions is called synthesis, which also includes single displacement, double displacement, and combustion reactions.
More sophisticated synthesis reactions than the one described above include the following: A + B → C.
For instance, combinations of products as well as unreacted starting materials might happen during organic synthesis reactions, which can involve more than two distinct molecules. Byproducts may form as a result of intermediate molecules.
Therefore, Synthesis reactions happen when two separate atoms or molecules interact to create a new chemical or molecule.
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d) Would the following molecules be attracted to a magnet? Briefly explain i. B ii. C iii. HCI Tutorial Roo to be handed in Monday 9th May 2022 b 16.00
The field of magnetic materials research and development is frequently reinvented.
Thus, Work on permalloys, ferrites, transport processes, and magnetic resonance in bulk and thin film samples dominated the magnetic material.
Magnetic "bubble films"—perpendicularly magnetized domains that could store and alter information—and the quick advancements in amorphous magnetic alloys drew a lot of attention in the 1970s.
The introduction of Fe-Nd-B permanent magnets and the dramatic acceleration of activity in magnetic thin films and surfaces, as well as continuous advancements in amorphous magnetic alloys, were all seen in the 1980s.
Thus, The field of magnetic materials research and development is frequently reinvented.
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What experiment did J. J. Thomson do?
Answer:
Explanation:
his experiment was with cathode ray tubes and showed that all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic particles or electrons.
