proteins and nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) isolated from dead mice were the two main candidates for the possible heredity molecule prior to the hershey-chase experiment.
While biologists had known about DNA since 1869,[2] many scientists still assumed that proteins carried the information for inheritance at the time because DNA appeared to be an inert molecule, and because it was located in the nucleus, its role was thought to be phosphorus storage. Hershey and Chase demonstrated that when bacteriophages, which are made up of DNA and protein, infect bacteria, their DNA enters but most of their protein does not. Hershey and Chase's discoveries, as well as subsequent ones, all served to demonstrate that DNA is the hereditary material.
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The death rate of organisms in a population exhibiting a type III survivorship curve is:
a. unrelated to age.
b. usually correlated with density-independent causes.
c. higher in the post-reproductive than in the pre-reproductive years.
d. lower after the organisms survive beyond the earliest age groups.
e. more or less constant throughout their lives.
The death rate of organisms in a population exhibiting a type III survivorship curve is
d. lower after the organisms survive beyond the earliest age groups
A survivorship curve is a graph that displays the number or percentage of individuals for a certain species or group that survive to each age (e.g. males or females). Based on a life table, survival curves for a certain cohort (a collection of people about the same age) can be created.Which of the three survivorship curve kinds are they?
People with Type I survivability have high survival rates throughout their whole life spans. The proportion of deaths over time is constant in populations with Type II survival. Young-onset mortality is extremely high in populations with Type III survival.
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Match the vocabulary word with the proper definition.
Definitions
_____ 1. provide a mechanical barrier at body openings
_____ 2. disease-causing agents
_____ 3. a type of white blood cell
_____ 4. living organisms that help protect the body
_____ 5. the most important mechanical barrier
_____ 6. a slimy substance that traps pathogens
_____ 7. the process in which leukocytes engulf pathogens
_____ 8. destroy pathogens on the outer body surface, at body openings, and on inner body linings
_____ 9. the first reaction of the body to tissue damage or infection
_____ 10. physically block pathogens from entering the body
_____ 11. protects the body from worms, germs, and other agents of harm
_____ 12. sweep mucus and pathogens toward body openings
Terms
a. biological barriers
b. chemical barriers
c. cilia
d. immune system
e. inflammatory response
f. leukocyte
g. mechanical barriers
h. mucous membrane
i. mucus
j. pathogens
k. phagocytosis
l. skin
Each of the vocabulary word should be matched with the proper definition as follows;
Mucous membranes: provide a mechanical barrier at body openings.Pathogens: disease-causing agents.Leukocyte: a type of white blood cell.Biological barriers: living organisms that help protect the body.Skin: the most important mechanical barrier.Mucus: a slimy substance that traps pathogens.Phagocytosis: the process in which leukocytes engulf pathogens.Chemical barriers: destroy pathogens on the outer body surface, at body openings, and on inner body linings.Inflammatory response: the first reaction of the body to tissue damage or infection.Mechanical barriers: physically block pathogens from entering the bodyImmune system: protects the body from worms, germs, and other agents of harm.Cilia: sweep mucus and pathogens toward body openings.What is a pathogen?A pathogen can be defined as any group of living microorganisms that are capable of causing diseases and harm to their host. In Science, some examples of pathogen include the following:
FungiWormsProtozoaInfectious proteins (prions).VirusBacteriaWormsRead more on pathogens here: brainly.com/question/1406024
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here are health concerns surrounding the products that have been genetically engineered for particular traits, including pharmaceuticals, crops, and enzymes that are used in industry and manufacturing processes. which is a health concern that affects society?patented productsbioaccumulationland usecancer
When used in industry and manufacturing processes, products that have been genetically modified to have specific traits raise health risks related to cancer.
The application of biotechnology to alter an organism's genome is known as genetic engineering. This results from the gene expression process, in which a gene's information is used to produce a gene product that functions. Proteins are frequently produced during this process as a result of translation.
An interpretation system that is specifically engineered to produce the desired gene product is categorised as a genetic engineering product (e.g protein, or tRNA).
Chemical hormones and several medications have been developed for medical use as a result of genetic engineering. e.g.
Gene splicing: A technique used to produce large amounts of insulin using E. the bacteria E. coli.
A protein called interferon is used to eliminate viruses and kill cancer cells.
Therefore, we can infer that when used in industry and manufacturing processes, genetically modified products for specific traits have health risks related to cancer.
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what are the possible genotypes of the offspring of a cross between a woman with type ab blood and a man with type o blood? (select all that apply.)
Unbelievably, the most frequent outcome in this situation is possessing a blood type distinct from either genotype. An O parent as well as an AB parent will typically only have A or B children.
The humans ABO genetic locus contains three distinct alleles, for a total of six possible genotypes. The several genotypes that could exist were AA, AO, BB, BO, AB, & OO. But whichever AA or AO describes their genotype. Similar to this, a person with blood type B may have either a BB or a BO genotype. A parent with blood group AB could give his kid or daughter both an A or even a B gene. Blood type B or blood type A (O from the mother and A from the father) could be the blood type of the children of this couple (O from mother and B from father).
(If your father has blood type O, and mother has blood type AB, which of the following blood types are you likely to have?
A)A
B)B
C)Either A or B
D)O)
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the nava mode can be used in which of the following situations? a. paralysis b. heavy sedation c. injury to the respiratory brain centers d. spontaneous breathing
Answer:
a. paralysis
The NAVA mode, Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist, is a mode of mechanical ventilation that uses the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) to adjust the level of pressure support provided to the patient. It is used in situations where the patient is paralyzed and is unable to initiate spontaneous breathing. It allows for more physiological breathing patterns and may reduce the risk of complications associated with traditional mechanical ventilation.
It is not typically used in situations of heavy sedation, injury to the respiratory brain centers, or spontaneous breathing.
Explanation:
a. paralysis
The NAVA mode, Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist, is a mode of mechanical ventilation that uses the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) to adjust the level of pressure support provided to the patient. It is used in situations where the patient is paralyzed and is unable to initiate spontaneous breathing. It allows for more physiological breathing patterns and may reduce the risk of complications associated with traditional mechanical ventilation.
It is not typically used in situations of heavy sedation, injury to the respiratory brain centers, or spontaneous breathing.
Which of the following pollutants are responsible for the cause of SMOG?
(a) From incinerators
(b) Emissions from vehicles
(c) Both incinerators and emissions from vehicles
(d) None of the above
Both incinerators and emissions from vehicles are responsible for the cause of SMOG. Other sources such as burning of fossil fuels, industrial processes, and natural sources can also contribute to the formation of SMOG.So the correct option is c.
SMOG is an abbreviation for ‘smoke and fog’, and refers to a type of air pollution caused by chemical reactions that occur when certain pollutants are released into the atmosphere. The main contributors to SMOG are emissions from vehicles and incinerators.
Vehicles are a major source of SMOG pollution because they release harmful gases and chemicals into the air. The most common pollutants emitted from vehicles are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. These pollutants are released into the atmosphere and react with sunlight, moisture, and other chemicals in the air to form smog.
Incinerators are also a significant source of SMOG. They are used to burn and dispose of waste, but in the process, they release pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the air. These pollutants react with sunlight, moisture, and other chemicals in the air to create smog.
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What is it called when the ventricles relax and blood pressure at lowest?
Diastole is the relaxed phase of the cardiac cycle when the chambers of the heart are re-filling with blood.
When does blood pressure drop and the ventricles relax?
The ventricles start to relax after ventricular repolarization, and their internal pressure decreases. One heart cycle is marked by the passage of blood from the atria into the ventricles when the pressure falls below that of the atria, opening the atrioventricular valves.
What is the ventricle relaxing known as?
During both the diastole and systole, the ventricles pump. The cardiac cycle, which includes all of the activities that take place between the start of one heartbeat and the start of the next, can be split into two phases: a relaxation phase known as diastole and a contraction phase known as systole.
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explain how humans are agents of natural selection on bacteria
Bacteria provide yet another illustration of natural selection that has been sparked by humans. Single-celled microbes known as bacteria are extremely small. Antibiotics were created to attack bacteria because some of them cause disease.
What is natural selection?The process through which populations of living things adapt and change is known as natural selection.
A population's members are naturally varied, which means that they are all distinctive in some ways. This variety indicates that some people have characteristics that are more environment-appropriate than others.
When antibiotics are used inefficiently, which drives evolution and renders human disease-causing bacteria resistant to many antibiotics, similar trends of human-induced evolution are also seen in bacteria.
One of these ineffective uses that promotes bacterial evolution is the overuse of antibiotics.
Thus, this way, humans are agents of natural selection on bacteria.
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Do all scientific studies start with observations that lead to questions?
It is not mandatory that all scientific studies that start with observations that lead to questions. Scientific inquiries can be carried out in many different ways.
Scientific study is the combination of scientific theory, models, experiments as well as physical situations. These are the well planned studies that can be theoretical or experimental or both. A scientific study is the subject to logic and reasoning.
Observation is the act of carefully watching out for something and collecting information and data regarding it. Observations is amongst the most essential trait for successful scientific studies. Observations require the use of all human senses.
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What would be the usual outcome of the following mating: F+ × F–?
a. Two F+ cells
b. Two F' cells
c. Two Hfr cells
d. Two F- cells
e. One Hfr cell and one F- cell
What would be the usual outcome of the following mating: F+ × F–?
e. One Hfr cell and one F- cell
F-cell
The F-Cell is an electric hydrogen fuel cell car created by Daimler AG. There are two distinct models; the older model was based on the Mercedes-Benz A-Class, while the new model is superHy-fcell 2023 is a forum for the hydrogen and fuel cell community to discuss new technology, share information, and access global markets. In its more than 20-year history, the annual English-language conference and exhibition in the heart of Europe with the hy-fcell award ceremony is unique. In a cutting-edge exhibition and conference center in one of the strongest economic regions, hy-fcell offers an ideal industry platform for both seasoned professionals and newbies.
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what is the phenotypic ratio of a tall green pea plant (ttgg) crossed with a short white pea plant (ttgg)?
The phenotypic ratio of the offspring produced by the cross between a tall green (TTGG) pea plant and a short white (ttgg) pea plant is 1.
Phenotype is the trait or characteristic that is visible to the eyes. For example, plant height, flower color, eye color, etc. are all traits of the particular living organism. The genotype of on organism defines its phenotype.
Cross is defined as the breeding between two individuals, who may be or may not be of the same species. The tall green pea plant (TTGG) can produce only one type of gamete with the alleles TG and similarly the short white plant (ttgg) can also produce one type of gamete with alleles tg. Therefore all the offspring produced will have only one genotype TtGg which will show similar phenotype.
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the acids in bile salts have both lipid-soluble (hydrophobic) and water-soluble (hydrophilic) surfaces. how is such an organization beneficial for the role of bile salts in digestion?
Travels through the biliary tract and into the small intestine, bile is a complex fluid made up of water, electrolytes, and variety of chemical molecules, including as bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids &bilirubin.
What roles do each of the small intestine's three components play?Proteins and carbs are digested in the jejunum and duodenum, respectively, in terms of absorption. Most fats are absorbed via the jejunum as well. Vitamin B12 absorption, bile salt absorption, and all other digestive products not absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum are also functions of the ileum.
Can one survive without their small intestine?A portion of the small bowel may be surgically removed in some people. Several reasons exist for doing these: By reducing the amount of calories taken by the small intestine, a malabsorptive bariatric procedure like gastric bypass can treat morbid obesity.
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What are 2 examples of interactions among organisms and their environment?
examples of interactions among organisms and their environment: Flowers that have been pollinated by insects give the insects nourishment in the form of nectar and pollen. For the benefit of the living trees, dead wood is broken down by fungi to produce energy.
The interconnections in factual ecosystems are more varied and intricate. In the particular populations of the colorful species, these relations constantly beget feedback. Populations of organisms can be constrained by competition for coffers and predation. Positive relations can boost the populations of both interacting species. also, the species have an impact on their surroundings, modifying the Earth's face and the coffers available to ecosystems. thus, relations between species play a significant part in how life on Earth endures and develops over time. The maturity of relations between species affect in both benefits and downsides for the brutes involved, although sometimes the issues are more unevenly balanced.
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Which of the following describes a Mendelian trait?
OA. Many genes control the ultimate height of a human.
O B. Three different alleles control one aspect of human blood type
C. Humans have either straight thumbs or curved thumbs.
OD. Human
D. Human eye color ranges from almost black to very light blue.
Answer:
C. Humans have either straight thumbs or curved thumbs.
Explanation:
Mendelian genetics is sort of black or white business (one or the other, and not really a spectrum which is why it can't account for incomplete dominance or codominance). So if straight thumb is dominant trait and curved thumb is recessive, that's how it will be seen in population.
An appropriate group of animals to examine to observe a Malpighian tubule would be _____.
the amphibians
the insects
the annelids
the flatworms
the birds
An appropriate group of animals to examine to observe a Malpighian tubule would be the insects. Correct answer: letter B.
Malpighian tubules are a type of excretory organ found in some insects. They are responsible for the excretion of nitrogenous wastes, as well as the absorption of water and electrolytes. Therefore, if you are looking to observe the Malpighian tubules, the appropriate group of animals would be the insects.
The Malpighian tubules are small tubes located in the midgut of insects and other arthropods. They are named after the Italian anatomist Marcello Malpighi and were first discovered in the 17th century. The tubules are responsible for the excretion of nitrogenous wastes, such as ammonia and uric acid, as well as the reabsorption of water and electrolytes. The tubules are composed of a series of cells which are lined with a thin layer of cuticle, allowing for the selective absorption of molecules. As the contents of the tubules pass through the cells.
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All loose ends are tied up. Conflicts and climax are taken care of. - ________________________
Answer: The story has reached its resolution.
Explanation:
A story resolution is the final outcome or conclusion of a story. It is the point at which the conflicts and tensions in the story are resolved, and the main characters achieve their goals or reach a new understanding. The resolution is where the story concludes and ties up all the loose ends.
the set point is: group of answer choices a) the basal metabolic rate after eating a meal. b) the body temperature of a healthy organism, for example, 98.6 degrees fahrenheit in humans. c) the point at which energy expenditures from exercise and from metabolism are equal. d) the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time.
The specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time.
The correct option is D.
The set point is the weight range in which your body is programmed to function at its best. A person's body will struggle to sustain that weight range, according to set point theory. Due to biological and genetic variables, everyone must fall within a specific weight range. The set points will differ for every individual.
It is believed that the average person's body has a predefined weight range between ten and twenty pounds at which it will be at ease and not resist attempts to change.
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Why is it called directional selection?
Directional selection occurs when individuals in a population with features on one side of the mean outlive or reproduce more than those on the other.
It has been proven numerous times in wild populations, using both observational and experimental methods.
Persons homozygous for one allele have a higher fitness than individuals with other genotypes, whereas individuals homozygous for the other allele have a lower fitness than individuals with other genotypes.
In a statistical examination of natural selection, directional selection produces a population bell curve for a specific attribute that shifts to the left or right. Unlike stabilizing selection, however, the height of the bell curve does not fluctuate.
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explain the relationship between the dominant allele of a gene and the recessive allele of the same gene
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
The relationship between a dominant allele and a recessive allele of the same gene is that the dominant allele will always be expressed if it is present. This means that if an organism has one or two copies of the dominant allele, it will always be expressed in the organism's phenotype. On the other hand, the recessive allele will only be expressed if the organism has two copies of the recessive allele. In this case, the dominant allele will be masked and the recessive allele will be expressed.
where is the oxygen we breathe in produced from? from water in respiration reactions from water used in the photolysis reaction from the krebs cycle in mitochondria from chlorophyll
The reactions that occur when water is used in photolysis to create oxygen, which humans breathe, occur.
In photosynthesis, what function does photolysis serve?Chlorophyll, a particular type of photosynthetic pigment, absorbs light during this phase of photosynthesis and transforms it into chemical energy in the granum of either a chloroplast. Oxygen & hydrogen molecules are broken apart by this reaction with water (H2O).
The term "photolysis of water" means what?Proton, electron, & oxygen are produced when water molecules split in the presence of light. Thylakoid sac lumen is where it is found. After reducing NADP with protons, photosystem II receives electrons.
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help meh please i need this soon
Answer:
Before meiosis, there is an interphase, which includes the G1, S, and G2 phases. During the G1 phase, the cell grows and carries out normal functions. In the S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in each chromosome having two identical sister chromatids joined at a centromere. In the G2 phase, the cell performs a final growth and checks for DNA damage before initiating meiosis.
p= $7000.00, a = $7840.00, t = 4 years
The rate of the interest of the loan is 3% of the principal.
What is the interest rate?The simple interest would be charged only on the principal sum that has been borrowed and we know that the amount that we have can be obtained as the difference between the amount and the principal.
We then have;
I = PRT/100
I = interestP = principalR = rateT = timeBut;
I = A - P
I = $7840.00 - $7000.00
I = $840.00
840 = 7000 * R * 4/100
R = 84000/700 * 4
R = 3%
What would accrue would be based on an interest of 3%.
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to separate organelles that are close in size, one employs the technique called sucrose gradient centrifugation. this technique separates organelles by:
to separate organelles that are close in size, one employs the technique called sucrose gradient centrifugation. this technique separates organelles by density
Cells can be broken down in a variety of ways, including osmotic shock or ultrasonic vibration, being forced through a small orifice, or being ground up in a blender. Many of the cell's membranes (including the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum membranes) are broken into fragments that immediately reseal to form small closed vesicles. However, when done correctly, the disruption procedures leave organelles like nuclei, mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes largely intact. The cell suspension is thus reduced to a thick slurry (called a homogenate or extract) containing a variety of membrane-enclosed organelles, each with a distinct size, charge, and density.
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TRUE/FALSE. Scientists long believed that two nerve clusters in the human hypothalamus, called suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNs), were what controlled our circadian rhythms. Those rhythms are the biological cycles that recur approximately every 24 hours in synchronization with the cycle of sunlight and darkness caused by Earth`s rotation. Studies have demonstrated that in some animals, the SCNs control daily fluctuations in blood pressure,
It is true that SCNs play a critical but not exclusive role in regulating circadian rhythms.
What is circadian rhythms?A circadian rhythm, also known as a circadian cycle, is a natural, internal mechanism that governs the sleep-wake cycle and occurs about once every 24 hours. It can refer to any activity that starts within an organism and responds to its surroundings. SCNs serve an important but not only function in controlling circadian rhythms. The normal 24-hour cycle of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that the body goes through. Circadian rhythms are mostly influenced by light and darkness and are controlled by a tiny portion of the brain in the center.
Here,
It is true that SCNs serve an important but not only function in controlling circadian rhythms.
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what may cause a mineral deposit that had not been considered valuable to become highly sought after?
There are several factors that may cause a mineral deposit that had not been considered valuable to become highly sought after. Some of these factors include:
Technological advancements: Advances in technology can make it possible to extract and process minerals that were previously uneconomic. For example, if new technologies make it possible to extract a mineral from a previously unprofitable deposit, it can become highly sought after.
Market demand: Changes in market conditions can increase the demand for a particular mineral. For example, if a mineral is used in new technologies or products, the demand for it may increase, making previously uneconomic deposits viable.
Political or economic instability in a region can cause the prices of certain minerals to rise, making previously uneconomic deposits more attractive.
Exploration and discovery: New discoveries of mineral deposits can also lead to previously uneconomic deposits becoming highly sought after. Exploration companies and geologists are constantly searching for new mineral deposits, and when they find one, it can become highly sought after.
Natural occurrences: Natural occurrences such as natural disaster, geological shifts and changes in the environment can cause a previously uneconomic mineral deposit to become highly sought after.
It's important to note that these are just some examples, other factors may also play a role in the changes in the mineral market.
a small sac, or vesicle, that contains digestive chemicals.
Answer:
Lysosome
Lysosome – a small sac, or vesicle, that contains digestive chemicals.
Which type of psychoactive drug is used medically to block pain messages to the brain? (a) Depressants, (b) Hallucinogens, (c) Opiates, (d) Stimulants.
Opiates type of psychoactive drug is used medically to block pain messages to the brain. It is given medically to treat the patient with extreme pain condition.
Opioids, sometimes known as narcotics, are drugs that doctors recommend to relieve severe or chronic pain. People with backaches and chronic headaches utilize them. Opioids bind to opioid receptors, which are proteins found on nerve cells in the brain, spinal cord, gut, and other areas of the body. When this occurs, the opioids stop the brain from receiving pain signals that are delivered from the body through the spinal cord. Opioids involve considerable dangers and can be extremely addictive even if they can successfully treat pain. When opioids are used to treat chronic pain over an extended length of time, the risk of addiction is particularly high.
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which formed element can be described as cytoplasmic fragments? a flowchart of thrombopoiesis. a hematopoietic stem cell enters the developmental pathway by turning into a megakaryoblast that is a stage 1 megakaryocyte. the megakaryoblast, in turn, becomes a megakaryocyte labeled as stages two and three. then it becomes a megakaryocyte stage four that breaks up into platelets. which formed element can be described as cytoplasmic fragments? a flowchart of thrombopoiesis. a hematopoietic stem cell enters the developmental pathway by turning into a megakaryoblast that is a stage 1 megakaryocyte. the megakaryoblast, in turn, becomes a megakaryocyte labeled as stages two and three. then it becomes a megakaryocyte stage four that breaks up into platelets. platelets megakaryocytes monocytes erythrocytes
The formed element that can be described as cytoplasmic fragments in a flowchart of thrombopoiesis is platelets. Platelets are small, disc-shaped fragments of cytoplasm that are released from the megakaryocyte stage 4.
Thrombopoiesis is the process of producing platelets, also known as thrombocytes, from hematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells are precursor cells that give rise to all blood cells, including platelets. The process begins with the hematopoietic stem cell differentiating into a megakaryoblast, which is the first stage of megakaryocyte development. The megakaryoblast then matures into a stage 2 and 3 megakaryocyte. As the megakaryocyte matures, it increases in size and begins to produce and store proplatelets, which are immature platelets.They play a vital role in blood clotting and wound healing. They are not full cells but small, cytoplasmic fragments that are released from the megakaryocyte stage four.
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question 29 the lelior pathway of galactose metabolism is shown. galactosemia is a condition that results in the accumulation of galactose-1-phosphate. which enzyme is defective in galactosemia? a. galactose-1,6-bisphosphokinase b. hexokinase c. galactokinase d. galactose-1-uridylyltransferase
The enzyme which is defective in the galactosemia is galactose-1,6-bisphosphokinase. Thus, option A is correct.
What is galactosemia?Galactosemia is a condition that results in the accumulation of galactose-1-phosphate. Affected animals given a galactokinase inhibitor do not experience toxicity.
Inhibiting galactokinase will decrease the levels of the galactose 1‑phosphate. Catalyzes has been considered as the first and committed step of the Leloir pathway involving the conversion of galactose to glucose. It causes phosphorylation of α-D-galactose to galactose 1‑phosphate.
Therefore, The enzyme which is defective in the galactosemia is galactose-1,6-bisphosphokinase. Thus, option A is correct.
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when radiation safety principles are correctly applied during imaging procedures, the energy deposited in living tissue by the radiation can be limited. this results in: group of answer choices completely eliminating the possibility for reducing the potential for adverse effects no change in the possibility for reducing the potential for adverse effects increasing the potential for adverse effects reducing the potential for adverse effects
when radiation safety principles are correctly applied during imaging procedures, the energy deposited in living tissue by the radiation can be limited. this results in: reducing the potential for adverse effects
Many medical imaging procedures involve the use of radiation. Medical imaging procedures deliver x-ray beams, a type of ionizing radiation, to a specific part of the body, creating a digital image or film that shows the structures inside that area, such as bones, tissues, and organs. These images can be used by healthcare providers for diagnostics, determining what is causing your health problem, and, in some cases, guiding treatment. A radiologist, a medical professional who is trained and certified to conduct radiation imaging studies, typically performs imaging procedures in radiology or imaging centers in hospitals or clinics. Medical radiation practices and equipment are governed.
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