The 18th amino acid of insulin protein was changed from histidine to tyrosine. This is frameshift mutation.
What types of mutations cause changes in amino acid sequences?Frameshift mutation changes in amino acid sequences. This type of mutation occurs when the reading frame of a gene is altered by the addition or loss of DNA bases.A reading frame consists of groups of three bases, each of which codes for an amino acid. Frameshift mutations rearrange these groups of bases and change the amino acid code.What is insulin amino acid sequence and what happens if insulin mutates? Human insulin is composed of 51 amino acids divided into two chains, commonly called A and B, of 21 and 30 amino acids, respectively. The chains are linked by three disulfide bridges, two of which form an interchain cystine at A7-B7 and A20-B19 and one an intrachain cystine at A6-A11.Insulin gene mutations are one of the major causes of neonatal diabetes. They can lead to proinsulin misfolding and its retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This is thought to lead to increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and trigger beta-cell apoptosis.To learn more about frameshift mutation visit:
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with only 7.3 million mi 2 of primary forests remaining worldwide, 23,000 mi 2 of these forests continue to be cut on an annual basis. discuss two major environmental concerns with this continual loss of primary forest land.
Forest deterioration and deforestation are the two major environmental concerns with this continual loss of primary forest land.
Why there is continuous forest loss?Forests are home to more than 75% of all land-based life. Forests are crucial to halting climate change because they act as a carbon sink, absorbing carbon dioxide that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere and cause a continuous change in weather patterns. The threats include forest deterioration and deforestation. Illegal logging is the main cause of forest degradation, while agriculture is the main cause of deforestation (although poorly planned infrastructure is also evolving into a substantial risk factor). Deforestation in tropical rain forests is particularly concerning because they are the natural habitat for much of the world's species. For instance, over the past 50 years, the Amazon has lost 17% of its forest due mostly to forest conversion for cattle grazing, highways etc.
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What are the 4 types of RNA?.
The process in which protein is formed is called protein synthesis and there are various types of RNA involved in this process.
RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid. There are 4 major types of RNA based on their size and function. The first one is mRNA. mRNA or messenger RNA that is translated into a polypeptide. It is responsible to carry information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. It forms a template for protein synthesis.
The next type of RNA is tRNA, also called as transfer RNA. It binds to anticodon on one end and amino acid to another. They help in making the protein in the correct form. Then, rRNA, also called as ribosomal RNA is also involved in the process of making protein. The facilitate the coding of the amino acid coded by the mRNA. Finally, hnRNA, heterogenous nuclear RNA that transcribes the precursor RNA into a long strand in the eukaryotes.
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Prior to the evolution of the first true cell, a membrane-bound would have developed.
A protoboint attached to the membrane would have evolved before the first real cell. The first living forms were prokaryotes, which were simple organisms that subsisted on carbon molecules that were building up in the early waters of Earth.
Even more primitive than these E. coli bacteria, the first cells were likely primitive membrane prokaryotic-like cells. The first cells were likely little more than organic substances, such a crude RNA, encased in a membrane.
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Explain how biology can be studied from a microscopic approach to global approach brainly.
Biology: A Global to Microscopic Perspective
Explanation:
In my opinion, we can study biology during pandemics from a microscopic to a global perspective, much as what is occurring all around us. The macroscopic and microscopic realms of life are interconnected and require equal consideration. With the use of our microscopic and global approach, these are some of the things we are now doing to solve the pandemic problem:
The structure of the virus that causes COVID-19 is being studied by researchers using a powerful electronic microscope inside laboratories all around the world.
Governments all across the world would be informed whenever they discovered something new. They will then be forced to choose what to do as a result.
The public is informed of all the facts provided by the scientists.
The cycle goes on until a solution to get rid of the infection is ultimately found.
Hence all about global approach .
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2. what is the normal role of cholesterol in the body? do you need cholesterol? (hint: remember cell membranes.)
the shcematic above shows a typical cell cycle progression. the star marks the position of a vital stage in cell cycle control
Above is a schematic representation of the cell cycle process. The diamond denotes an essential milestone in cell cycle regulation.
What transpires while the cell cycle continues?A cell grows (gap 1, or G1), copies its DNA (synthesis, or S), prepares to divide (gap 2, or G2), and separates (gap 4, or S) during the four stages of the cell cycle (mitosis, or M, stage).
What three stages of the cell cycle are there?Cell cycle checkpoints prevent genetic errors from transferring to daughter cells. The three primary cell-cycle checkpoints are the G1/S checkpoint, the G2/M checkpoint, and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC).
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the idea of neurodiversity is consistent with 's notion of nine distinct intelligences.
The idea of neurodiversity is consistent with 's notion of nine distinct intelligences.
What is neurodiversity?Variations in the human brain and cognition, such as in sociability, learning, attention, mood, and other mental functions, are referred to as neurodiversity, neurodivergence, or neurovariance.
The concept of neurodiversity outlines how people perceive and engage with their environment in various ways.
What is intelligences?Numerous characteristics, including abstraction, logic, comprehension, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving, have all been used to characterize intelligence.
Hence, The idea of neurodiversity is consistent with 's notion of nine distinct intelligences.
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What do these structures indicate about the evolution of three organisms?.
These structures indicate about the evolution of three organisms, they share a common ancestor.
An organism is any biological, living system that works as a separate entity. The term "organism" originates from the Ancient Greek words "v" (órganon), which means "instrument, implement, tool," and "-ismós," which means "-ism." Cells make up every living thing (cell theory). According to taxonomy, organisms can be categorized as either unicellular microorganisms like protists, bacteria, and archaea, or multicellular animals, plants, and fungi All different kinds of creatures have some degree of stimulus response, the ability to reproduce, grow, and develop. Multicellular organisms that distinguish specialized tissues and organs throughout development include vascular plants, squids, tetrapods, mushrooms, and beetles. Eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells can make up a single-celled creature. Both bacteria and archaea are distinct domains that belong to prokaryotes. A membrane-bound cell nucleus and additional membrane-bound compartments known as organelles (such as mitochondria in animals and plants and plastids in plants and algae) are features that distinguish eukaryotic creatures from other types of life.
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What are some adaptations of the kangaroo rat that allow it to survive in the desert biome? how about the saguaro cactus? (site 1)
They can survive without ever drinking water, obtaining needed moisture from their seed diet. They have excellent hearing and can even detect the quiet sound of an approaching owl.
Kangaroo rats get all the water they need from their food because they eat carbohydrate-rich seeds, which produce water when metabolized. Their kidneys are very efficient and produce urine five times more concentrated than human urine. They are able to excrete waste without losing much water.
(i) Desert plants have a thick cuticle on the leaf surface and sunken stomata to maximize water loss. (ii) Desert plants have a CAM pathway that allows their stomata to remain closed overnight. (iii) Kangaroo rats satisfy their water needs by internal protein oxidation.
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genetic variation in a group of organisms enables some organisms to survive better than others in the environment in which they live. organisms of even a small population can differ strikingly in terms of how well suited they are for life in a certain environment. an example would be moths of the same species with different color wings. moths with wings similar to the color of tree bark are better able to camouflage themselves than moths of a different color. as a result, the tree-colored moths are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes. this process is called natural selection, and it is the main force that drives evolution.
Genetic Diversity, Genetic variation is the existence of distinct gene sequences among various members of a species. Natural selection, one of the main factors guiding the evolution of life, is made possible by it.
Geographic variation refers to genetic variations among populations from various regions. Genetic drift or natural selection are to blame for this. The percentage of polymorphic gene loci or the proportion of heterozygous people at a given gene locus are two typical ways to quantify genetic diversity within a population.
Genetic diversity in populations is maintained by a number of factors. In populations of diploid organisms, potentially detrimental recessive alleles can be protected from selection by heterozygous individuals (recessive alleles are only expressed in the less common homozygous individuals).
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: In order to complete each sentence, click and drag each word or phrase from the left into the appropriate blank on the right. Then click and drag each sentence arranging them in order to accurately describe the process. Drag the text blocks below into their correct order. oogonia Oogonia multiply until the fifth month. Within six months after birth, each will mitosis transform into a primary oocyte In adolescence, FSH stimulates primary oocytes to complete meiosis I, resulting in a polar body and a atresia OOP Oogenesis begins before a girl is bom with the formation of from germ cells. secondary oocyte If the secondary oocyte is ovulated and fertilized, it will undergo and be ready to donate its DNA to an offspring. meiosis II follicle Most of these will degenerate, a process called
If the secondary oocyte is ovulated and fertilized, it will undergo and be ready to donate its DNA to an offspring. meiosis II follicle Most of these will degenerate, a process called oogenesis.
what is the structure of DNA ?
DNA is referred as deoxy ribo nucleic acid, which is a nucleic acid, with a left handed double helical structure, are the basic unit of every living cell
It carry all genetic material and made up of nitrogenous base, sugar mainly pentose sugar and phosphate.
Nitrogenous base include purine and pyrimidine such as adenine, guanine, thiamine, cytosine;
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What are some strategies one may use to reduce exposure to pesticides?.
A few techniques one can also use to reduce publicity to pesticides are: Trimming fat from meat and skin from chicken and fish due to the fact some pesticide residues collect in fats. selecting a ramification OF ingredients: eat a diffusion of meals, from a variety of assets.
This may provide you with a higher mix of nutrients and decrease your likelihood of publicity to an unmarried pesticide.
Pesticides can purpose short-time periods of adverse health consequences, known as acute outcomes, as well as chronic negative results that can arise months or years after exposure. A pesticide is any substance used to kill, repel, or control sure forms of plant or animal life that are considered to be pests.
Examples of unique artificial chemical insecticides are glyphosate, Acephate, Deet, Propoxur, Metaldehyde, Boric Acid, Diazinon, Dursban, DDT, Malathion, and many others.
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given the name of the molecule found in the process of dna replication. match the named molecule found in the dna replication process to its appropriate description. single stranded binding proteins (ssbps)
The divided DNA strands are coated by proteins known as single-strand binding proteins close to the replication fork, preventing them from recombining into a double strand.
What is the name of the process used by DNA to replicate?Semiconservative replication is the mechanism by which each strand of the initial DNA molecule acts as a template for the creation of its counterpart.
What function do single stranded binding proteins serve in the replication of DNA?The single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) wraps single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) during DNA replication with a strong affinity to shield it from deterioration and stop secondary structure creation. SSB can be moved along ssDNA to observe the progress of the replication fork despite the fact that it binds ssDNA firmly.
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. the blank tissue system is the tissue system that forms a layer of outer protection for the plant (analogous to human skin).target 1 of 8 2. the blank tissue system is the tissue system that forms a long-distance transportation system for the plant (analagous to the human circulatory system).
The tissue system that forms a layer of external protection for the plant is called the dermal tissue system (analogous to human skin).
The tissue system that serves as the plant's long-distance transportation system is called the vascular tissue system (analagous to the human circulatory system).
Is the tissue system that gives the plant its outer layer of defense?The outer, protective layer of the main plant body is the dermal tissue system, also known as the epidermis (the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds). The epidermis typically has one cell layer and no chloroplasts in its cells.
Plants have a vast network of xylem and phloem-based conduits. This more closely resembles the circulatory system that carries blood throughout the body of a human. The xylem and phloem tissues are distributed throughout the plant, much like the circulatory system in humans.
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what do the different colors that are used to diagram chromosomes represent? check only one. a. dominant and recessive traits on chromosomes b. paternal and maternal chromosomes c. active and inactive chromosomes d. homologous and nonhomologous chromosomes
The various hues used to depict chromosomes stand for paternal and maternal chromosomes.
What are the maternal and paternal chromosomes?Each egg has been prepared by the mother with 23 chromosomes, or "maternal chromosomes." Each sperm has 23 "paternal chromosomes," which the father has prepared. Each person has one set of 23 maternal and one set of 23 paternal chromosomes due to the union of these two sets to create a zygote.
Paternal chromosomes are the set of chromosomes derived from the male gametes, whereas maternal chromosomes are the set derived from the female gametes. As a result, this is the fundamental distinction between maternal and paternal chromosomes.
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the process by which homologous chromosomes can exchange genetic information during prophase i of meiosis is known as_____?
Recombination
So
the process by which homologous chromosomes can exchange genetic information during prophase l of meiosis is known as Recombination
A male cricket is chirping for a mate. A female of a different species of cricket does not recognize his chirping pattern and will not mate with him. This is an example of a type of prezygotic reproductive isolation called ______ isolation.
Answer:
Behavioral
Explanation:
Found the answer on quizlet.
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chloroplasts: chloroplasts: play a vital role in cellular respiration. play a central role in glucose production. produce atp for the cell. are present in all eukaryotes. are the major site of protein synthesis in the cell.
chloroplasts play a central role in glucose production. During the process of photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight plants produces sugar
Chloroplasts are chlorophyll-containing organelles found within plant cells; they are necessary for Earth life since photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles which use photosynthesis energies to transform energy from the sun into relatively stable chemical energy. They support life on the planet by doing so. Chloroplast functions include light energy absorption and conversion into biological energy, the production of NAPDH2 and the evolution of oxygen via the process of photolysis of water, and the production of ATP via photophosphorylation.
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The area under the nail plate typically has a ____ appearance in the area that extends from the lunula to the area just before the free edge of the nail.A. pinkishB. whitishC. bluishD. grayish
From the lunula to the region right before the free edge of the nail, the area under the Nail plate often appears pale bluish.
What is the name of the area beneath the nail?The matrix is the name given to this region. A luminous, half-moon-shaped spot can be seen at the base of a nail when you gaze at it, shining through the nail plate. The matrix's viewable portion is this. Due to its shape, it is known as the lunula (Latin for "little moon").
What portion of the nail plate protrudes past the nail bed?The nail plate turns into the free edge when it surpasses the hyponychium. It's crucial to have a free edge since it makes sure the entire nail bed is protected and coated. The cuticle is a strip of dried, hardened skin that is located at the base of a nail, above the eponychium.
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What are 3 factors that impact on food safety?.
Food storage, managing time and temperature, and preventing food contamination are three essential aspects of food safety that must be carefully handled and instructed on.
To decrease cases of food-borne illness in Australia, food safety is crucial. In Australia, there are over four million occurrences of food borne disease each year, and many of these cases are related to problems with food safety. Food storage, controlling time and temperature, and preventing food contamination are three essential aspects of food safety that must be properly managed and covered in training. Particularly now that food service is evolving as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, food enterprises must comprehend these aspects and their significance in ensuring food safety.
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As the chromosomes of a parent cell are duplicated and distributed to the two daughter cells during coll division, the structure of the chromosomes changes Answer the three questions for each phase of the cell cycle by dragging the yes and no labels to the appropriate locations in the table. Note: Assume that by the end of the M phase, the parent cell has not yet divided to form two daughter cells. Reset Help Question G Beginning of M (prophase early anaphase) End of M (late anaphase telophase) 1. Are sister chromatids present in all or part of this phase? no yes no 2. Is the DNA condensed in all or part of this phase? no 3. Does the cell contain twice as much DNA in this phase as it did in the G, phase? no Flag question Which of the following should hypotheses include? (Select all that apply.) Select one or more: a. Expected direction O b. Basic experimental results c. Dependent variable d. Independent variable and treatments Term "significant difference/effect" f. Specific reaction and/or organism g. Reasoning and/or interpretations e.
The answers to if sister chromatid present in all or part of this phase are:
G1 - no S- yes G2- yes Beginning of M- yes End of M- noThe answer if the DNA condensed in all or part of this phase are:
G1 - no S- no G2- no Beginning of M- yes End of M- yesThe answer to if the cell contain twice as much DNA in this phase as it did in the G1 phase are:
G1- no S-yes G2-yes Beginning of M- yesEnd of M-yesWhy do chromosomes duplicate?In most cases, duplications result from an occurrence known as unequal crossing-over (recombination) between misaligned homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The degree to which two chromosomes share repetitive elements determines the likelihood that this event will occur.
A DNA segment can be as small as a few bases or as large as a significant chromosomal region, but in terms of genomics, duplication refers to a type of mutation in which one or more copies are produced. All living things duplicate their DNA.
Therefore, A cell divides into two identical daughter cells after duplicating every component of it, including its chromosomes, during the mitotic process. The steps of mitosis are meticulously regulated by specific genes because this process is so crucial.
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What are the examples of textual aids?.
Some examples of textual aids are those words being highlighted, bolded, italicized, and adding charts, graphs, diagrams, maps, graphical outlines or images that gives general idea.
Students and facilitators, teacher or instructor. use textual aids activities inside the classroom.
Some examples of textual aids are those words being highlighted, bolded, italicized, and adding charts, graphs, diagrams, maps.
Or we can say that textual Aids are defined as the educational instruments, tools, or materials that provide support and facilitate understanding of texts.
These are- graphical outlines or images that gives general idea. Most beneficial organizer since it can be applied to all subject areas.
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the genetic differences between bacteria and archaea translate into a variety of structural and functional adaptations. what feature is similar in both domains?
Both archaea and bacteria are prokaryotes, which means they lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. Microbes are incredibly little, single-celled creatures that are invisible to the human eye.
Archaea and bacteria resemble each other in size and shape when we examine them under a microscope. As rods, cones, plates, and coils, they are present.
Using whatever energy and carbon sources are available, prokaryotes have been and can still survive in any environment. Prokaryotes have a variety of roles on Earth, including digesting dead species, flourishing inside living things like people, and participating in nutrient cycles like the nitrogen and carbon cycles. Both bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes, which include structures called flagella that function as propellers for the organisms as they move through their surroundings. In Eukarya, which also includes all other animals, plants, fungi, and single-celled protists, DNA is contained in nuclei that are separate from the rest of the cell. Both are single-celled microorganisms that lack nuclei. The fossil record shows that prokaryotes were the first living things.
The complete question is:
The genetic differences between bacteria and archaea translate into a variety of structural and functional adaptations. what feature is similar in both domains?
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when the environmental temperature is between 25oc and 30oc, vasoconstriction or vasodilation alone can regulate body temperature. this temperature range is known as the .
The environmental temperature is between 25oc and 30oc, vasoconstriction or vasodilation alone can regulate body temperature. this temperature range is known as the Thermoneutral Zone.
What is temperature?
The physical concept of temperature expresses in numerical form how hot or cold something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature. Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which historically defined various reference points as well as thermometric substances. The most popular scales are the Celsius scale, also known as centigrade, with the unit symbol °C, the Fahrenheit scale (°F), as well as the Kelvin scale (K), with the latter being primarily used for scientific purposes. One of the seven base units inside the International System of Units is the kelvin (SI).
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The conversion of an action potential (AP) generated by a motor neuron to contraction of skeletal muscle fiber is called excitation-contraction coupling. This activity will test your understanding of the sequence of events that occur during excitation-contraction coupling.
Place the events that occur during excitation-contraction coupling in the correct order from left to right.
Hints
AP propagates along sarcolemma
AP travels down T tubules to triads Voltage-sensitive proteins
open Ca2+ channels
Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+
Ca2+ levels in sarcoplasm increase
Recall from the video that a single motor neuron can conduct action potentials to several skeletal muscle fibers within a muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling converts these action potentials in a muscle fiber to a contraction. As muscle fibers contract, the entire muscle shortens and pulls the tendons on either end of the muscle, producing muscle tension.
The events that occur during excitation-contraction coupling in the correct order from left to right are as: AP propagates along sarcolemma, AP travels down T tubules to triads, Voltage-sensitive proteins open Ca⁺² channels, Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca⁺², Ca⁺² levels in sarcoplasm increase
The term "excitation-contraction" refers to the chain of events that connects the excitation of the sarcolemma. The sarcolemma is the membrane that connects the muscle cells, to the contraction of the muscles. Although the excitation-contraction coupling in the myocardium is, in many respects, comparable to that in skeletal muscle and smooth muscle.
The events that occur during excitation-contraction coupling in the correct order from left to right are as:
AP propagates along sarcolemmaAP travels down T tubules to triadsVoltage-sensitive proteins open Ca⁺² channelsSarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca⁺²Ca⁺² levels in sarcoplasm increaseYou can also learn about excitation-contraction coupling from the following question:
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what accounts for the difference in the curve shapes depicting concentration of m-cyclin versus m-cdk activity during the cell cycle?
Cyclins and CdKs are related in that during the cell cycle, cyclins activate CdKs.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, often known as CdKs, are enzymes that phosphorylate certain proteins during the cell cycle.
The cell cycle involves cyclins that activate CdKs.
Kinases and cyclins are both cell cycle regulators that take part in different phases of the human cycle. To couple to their substrate, kinases need to be activated by cyclins and are guided in this process by the same cyclins.
CdKs are not turned off by cylines.
In the cell cycle, CdKs and cyclines do not function separately.
Cyclines do not produce CdKs; rather, they activate them.
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which ventricles are divided by the septum pellucidum? view available hint(s)for part a which ventricles are divided by the septum pellucidum? lateral ventricles lateral and third ventricle first and second ventricles third and fourth ventricles
Lateral ventricles are divided by the septum pellucidum
Brief anatomy of lateral ventricleWithin the cerebrum are cavities known as the lateral ventricles. The septum pellucidum divides the right and left lateral ventricles midway. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which cushions the brain, fills the spaces that make up the ventricular system of the brain.Each cerebral hemisphere contains a C-shaped hollow known as the lateral ventricle. Ependyma lines the inside, which is filled with CSF. It has a 7 to 10 ml capacity. The septum pellucidum, a thin vertical sheet of nervous tissue that divides the two lateral ventricles, is surrounded by ependyma on both sides. It connects to the third ventricle via the Monro foramen interventricularis. The anterior horn, posterior horn, and inferior horn are the three horns (cornua) that each lateral ventricle is made up of. It appears triangular anteriorly and rectangular posteriorly on the coronal section.
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n fish gills, water moves in one direction past thin, membranous plates known as . multiple choice question.
In fish gills, water moves in one direction past thin, membranous plates known as lamellae
In fish gills, water moves in one direction past thin, membranous plates known as: D. lamellae.
What is an amphibian?An amphibian can be defined as living organisms (animals) that can survive and live both on land and inside the water. Therefore, amphibians can walk on land and they also have limbs to swim, but they do not have gills like fishes in order to enable them breath in water.
This ultimately implies that, amphibians can only breath in air directly through the use of their lungs. Furthermore, a lamella simply refers to a thin layer, membranous plate (plate of tissue) which allows water to move unidirectionally (one direction) within the gills of fishes.
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Complete Question:
In fish gills, water moves in one direction past thin, membranous plates known as ______.
trachea
branchial
spiracles
lamellae
During meiosis chromosomes will split into daughter cells randomly this is called.
Answer: It is called Independent Assortment.
Independent assortment is when genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.
when a trait is sex-linked recessive, how does that affect the likelihood of the phenotype being expressed in a hemizygous individual versus an individual who is homozygous or heterozygous
In case of sex-linked recessive trait, the hemizygous individual will always show the phenotype and the trait is more common in hemizygous individuals i.e. males. In case of heterozygous individuals which can be females they carry the allele as a carrier and do not express any phenotype. The homozygous recessive females will always display the phenotype.
Sex-linked recessive is the trait where the gene for any mutation or disease is present on the X-chromosomes. It can only be expressed when both the X-chromosome contain the defective allele. However males being hemizygous can express the phenotype.
Heterozygous is the condition where the trait is present in any one of the homologous chromosomes. Any trait during heterozygous state will be expressed in dominant condition but not in recessive condition.
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