The 2017 balance sheet of Dream, Incorporated, showed current assets of $1,150 and current liabilities of $900. The 2018 balance sheet showed current assets of $1,620 and current liabilities of $1,180. What was the company's 2018 change in net working capital, or NWC? Multiple Choice $2,270 $−750

The statement states that Manager tenure is an important factor in choosing an actively managed mutual fund is (a) true.

The term Manager tenure is an important factor in choosing an actively managed mutual fund is often heard in the mutual fund industry.

The more seasoned and well-established the fund manager is, the more likely they are to have the expertise and knowledge necessary to succeed over the long term.

Investors should look for an experienced fund manager who has demonstrated long-term success and whose investment style aligns with their own.

They should also seek managers who are not inclined to make impulsive decisions, have a disciplined approach to investing, and take a long-term perspective.

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A real estate developer's higher-than-average Employee turnover rate is frequently a sign of loan fraud. Option A is true.

employee turnover is the proportion of employees who leave your company during a given time frame. Turnover rates are typically calculated on an annual or quarterly basis by businesses.

They can also decide to figure out new hire turnover to see how well their recruitment strategy is working. One of the most crucial metrics to monitor in any workplace is employee turnover.

It indicates whether or not your employees are likely to leave and how satisfied they are. Involuntary turnover occurs when a manager decides to remove an employee from the team, whereas voluntary turnover occurs when employees decide to leave.

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I aim to adhere to Banquet & Catering standards, specializing in event planning and achieving knowledge and skills in this class.

I see myself adhering to recommended Banquet & Catering standards by studying and understanding the principles, practices, and regulations associated with these standards. I aim to specialize in event planning and management within the hospitality industry. This role appeals to me because

I enjoy organizing and creating memorable experiences for guests. In this class, my goals are to gain knowledge about banquet and catering operations, learn about menu planning, understand food safety and quality control measures, and develop skills in managing events effectively.

I also hope to enhance my communication and teamwork abilities, as collaboration and coordination are essential in the hospitality industry. Overall, I aspire to acquire the necessary expertise and competencies to excel in the field of banquet and catering, ultimately contributing to the success of events and providing exceptional guest experiences.

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The constraint describing the sausage capacity in this case can be described as "3T + 5S + 6G ≤ 2500". This means that the total number of sausages required to produce the gift packages for all three types of packages (Tasters, Succulent and Gourmet) should not exceed 2500 sausages

.The company has to produce three gift packages (Tasters, Succulent, and Gourmet) that contain sausages and cheeses. The company has a certain number of sausages and cheeses available for packing and the goal is to maximize profits.Each gift package contains different quantities of sausages and cheeses, and different profits are made from each package.

The profits made from each package are $2.50, $3.50, and $4.00 for the "Tasters," "Succulent," and "Gourmet" gift packages, respectively.The constraint for cheese capacity is "6T + 4S + 5G ≤ 3000". It means that the total number of cheeses required to produce the gift packages for all three types of packages should not exceed 3000 cheeses. Thus, the answer is "3T + 5S + 6G ≤ 2500".

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Revenues and expenses are temporary accounts in accounting. These accounts are closed at the end of the accounting period to transfer their balances to the retained earnings account. Thus correct option is a) True.

Revenues and expenses are temporary accounts in accounting. These accounts are closed at the end of the accounting period to transfer their balances to the retained earnings account.

This process is known as closing the accounts and helps in determining the net income or net loss for the period.

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Project integration management is a key process in project management that involves coordinating and integrating all the different aspects of a project.

It ensures that the project is executed effectively and efficiently by aligning the various project elements, such as scope, time, cost, quality, and resources.

Project framework  management is closely related to the project life cycle. The project life cycle consists of phases, such as initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closure.

Stakeholders are another important aspect of project integration management. Stakeholders are individuals or groups who have an interest or are affected by the project. Project integration management involves identifying stakeholders, understanding their needs and expectations, and effectively engaging and communicating with them throughout the project.

In summary, project integration management is the process of coordinating and integrating various project elements to ensure successful project execution. It is closely linked to the project life cycle, stakeholders, and other project management knowledge areas, as it ensures a seamless flow of activities, meets stakeholder needs, and integrates all project aspects.

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No return is required while the application for tax-exempt status is pending with the IRS. So the correct option is d.

While the application for tax-exempt status is pending with the IRS, the organization should file Form 990-N, also known as the "e-Postcard." This form is required for small tax-exempt organizations with gross receipts below a certain threshold.

In the case of HH123, since their gross receipts are between $50,000 and $150,000, they would be eligible to file Form 990-N.

Therefore, the correct answer is: No return is required while the application is pending.

There are various types of tax-exempt statuses, including charitable organizations healthcare organizations, and certain government entities. These entities are granted exemptions from paying certain taxes, such as income tax or property tax, based on their specific legal and operational characteristics.

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According to the question Square Inc. can deduct $1,000 of the $13,000 premium in 2021, and the remaining $12,000 would be deductible in 2022.

In the given scenarios, the deductibility of insurance premiums paid by Square Inc. depends on the timing of the policy and the tax year in question.

If Square Inc. pays a $12,000 premium for a 12-month policy that takes effect on January 1, 2022, the entire premium would be deductible in 2022 since it relates to that tax year. Therefore, no amount of the $12,000 premium can be deducted in 2021.

If the 12-month policy runs from February 1, 2022, through January 31, 2023, and Square Inc. pays the $12,000 premium on December 1, 2021, the entire premium would still be deductible in 2022. Similar to the previous scenario, the deduction would be allocated to the tax year in which the insurance coverage applies. Therefore, no amount of the $12,000 premium can be deducted in 2021.

If it is a 13-month policy that runs from December 1, 2021, through December 31, 2022, and costs $13,000, the deduction would be allocated over the coverage period. In this case, Square Inc. can deduct a portion of the premium in 2021 that corresponds to the coverage from December 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. The deductible amount would be calculated as follows:

($1,000/month * 1 month) / 13 months * $13,000 = $1,000

Therefore, Square Inc. can deduct $1,000 of the $13,000 premium in 2021, and the remaining $12,000 would be deductible in 2022.

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The effective annual rate (EAR) implied by Dwight Schrute's offer is 8.73%.

The total amount paid:

= Weekly payment * Number of weeks

= $60 * 78

= $4,680

Interest paid = Total amount paid - Equipment price = $4,680 - $2,500 = $2,180

Number of years = 78 / 52 = 1.5 years

[tex]EAR = (Interest paid / Equipment price) ^{1 / N} - 1\\EAR = (2,180 / 2,500) ^ {1 / 1.5} - 1\\EAR = 0.087265801\\EAR = 8.73%.[/tex]

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Inventory accounting is a key accounting issue in the retail industry. Retail companies typically hold significant amounts of inventory as part of their operations.

Managing inventory is crucial for retailers to meet customer demand, maintain adequate stock levels, and optimize profitability. Accurate and effective inventory accounting is essential to track the value of inventory, determine the cost of goods sold, and assess the overall financial performance of the business. Retailers need to monitor inventory levels, track inventory costs, account for any inventory shrinkage or obsolescence, and ensure proper valuation methods are applied. Therefore, inventory accounting plays a vital role in the retail industry's financial management and decision-making processes.

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Decrease in net exports is the least likely to occur if the government increases taxes.

If the government increases taxes, then people and businesses have less money to spend. This would lead to a decrease in consumption (people buy less) and a decrease in investment (businesses have less money to invest in expansion). Additionally, if taxes increase, people will have less money to save and thus there would be a decrease in saving.

A tax is a necessary fee or financial charge that a government imposes on a person or a business in order to raise money for public projects like building the greatest infrastructure and services.

However, an increase in taxes would not directly affect net exports. Net exports refer to the difference between the value of exports (goods and services produced domestically and sold abroad) and the value of imports (goods and services produced abroad and sold domestically). Taxes on income or consumption would not affect this balance of trade between countries, and therefore, a decrease in net exports is the least likely to occur.

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The required rate of return on the stock of Target Corporation using Capital Asset Pricing Model is 8.98%.

The required rate of return on a stock can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) equation:

Required Rate of Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta ( Market Risk Premium)

Given the following information:

Beta = 0.84

Market Risk Premium = 6.23%

Risk-Free Rate = 3.74%

Plugging in the values into the equation:

Required Rate of Return = 3.74 + 0.84 ( 6.23)

Required Rate of Return = 3.74 + 5.24

Required Rate of Return = 8.98

Therefore, the required rate of return on the stock of Target Corporation is 8.98%.

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Bonds and stocks are financial instruments representing ownership in a company or debt obligations, while mutual funds are a collection of different types of investments managed by professionals, and gold is a precious metal.

The examples of tangible assets are  farmland and timberland and d. office buildings. Tangible assets are physical items that hold value and can be touched or seen. Farmland and timberland are examples of tangible assets because they are physical properties that can be used for agricultural purposes or for harvesting timber.

Office buildings are also considered tangible assets because they are physical structures that hold value and can be used for business operations or rental purposes. On the other hand, a. bonds and stocks, b. mutual funds and gold are not examples of tangible assets.

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a.

The forecast for April through September using a three-month moving average is 26.33, 27.00, 25.33, 23.67, 24.33, and 24.00,

24.00, respectively.

To calculate the three-month moving average, we take the average of the previous three months' demands. For April, the average of January, February, and March is (24 + 28 + 23) / 3 = 25.33. Similarly, we calculate the averages for the subsequent months, resulting in the forecast values mentioned above.

b.

The forecast for April through September using simple exponential smoothing with an alpha of 0.20 is 24.60, 24.87, 24.30, 23.84, 23.87, and 23.70, respectively.

To apply simple exponential smoothing, we start with an initial forecast for April, which is the average of January through March (25 + 24 + 23) / 3 = 24. After that, we apply the exponential smoothing formula to calculate the subsequent forecasts. The forecast for April is based on the actual demand in April, and the process continues for the remaining months as shown above.

c-1.

The Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) for the three-month moving average method is 2.00, and for the simple exponential smoothing method, it is 1.43.

To calculate the MAD, we find the absolute difference between the forecasted values and the actual demands for each month, sum up these differences, and divide by the number of periods. The MAD for the three-month moving average is (1 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3) / 6 = 2.00, and for simple exponential smoothing, it is (0 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2) / 6 = 1.43. Lower MAD values indicate better forecast accuracy.

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Ratios are mathematical calculations that show the relationship between two or more items. and the following statement/s are true:I & III

Ratios are mathematical calculations that show the relationship between two or more items.

Financial ratios can be broken down into several categories, including liquidity, profitability, and leverage ratios.

Here are the explanations for the given choices.

I. Asset management ratio indicates how effectively a firm generates profits on sales, assets, and stockholder’s equity - this statement is true.

II. Liquidity ratios indicate the firm’s capacity to meet its short-term financial obligations but not its long-term financial obligations - this statement is not true because it also includes the ability to meet long-term financial obligations.

III. Profitability ratios indicate how efficiently a firm is using its assets to generate sales - this statement is true.

IV. Financial leverage ratios indicate the firm’s capacity to meet its financial obligations, both short-term and long-term - this statement is not true because it measures the extent to which a firm is financed by debt. It does not consider a company's ability to meet its obligations.

Thus, among the choices given above, the only true statements are I and III.

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According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, employees worked harder if they: Received added attention; Thought managers cared about their welfare; and Believed supervisors paid special attention to them. The correct option is A, B and C.

The Hawthorne effect is a phenomenon observed during a series of studies conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago during the 1920s and 1930s. These studies examined the relationship between productivity and work conditions, including lighting levels and rest periods. Researchers found that regardless of the specific changes made to the work environment, productivity increased. This increase was attributed to the psychological factors associated with the attention and interest shown to the workers.

Thus, the ideal selection is option A, B and C.

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The complete question might be:

According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, employees worked harder if they:

A received added attention

B thought managers cared about their welfare

C believed supervisors paid special attention to them

D managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively

The present value of your prize is approximately $333,813.29. The cash flow per period starts at $19,003 and increases by 2.5% annually.

To find the present value of the prize, we need to calculate the discounted value of each payment and sum them up.
The formula to calculate the present value of an annuity is:
PV = C * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r
Where:
PV = Present value
C = Cash flow per period
r = Discount rate
n = Number of periods
In this case, the cash flow per period starts at $19,003 and increases by 2.5% annually. The discount rate is 5.9% and the payments are made for 30 years.
To calculate the present value, we can use the formula:
PV = 19,003 * (1 - (1 + 0.059)^(-30)) / 0.059
Using a calculator, the present value of your prize is approximately $333,813.29.

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The true statements are: Adam Smith introduced the concept of Division of Labor, and Frederick Taylor is known for standardizing how work is completed.

Among the statements provided, the true statements concerning contributors to the evolution of operations management are:

1. Adam Smith introduced the concept of Division of Labor: Adam Smith, an economist, introduced the concept of division of labor in his book "The Wealth of Nations" in 1776. He highlighted the benefits of breaking down work tasks into specialized roles to increase productivity and efficiency.

2. Frederick Taylor is known for standardizing how work is completed: Frederick Taylor, often referred to as the "father of scientific management," developed principles of scientific management in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He emphasized standardizing work methods and using scientific analysis to improve efficiency and productivity in the workplace.

The statements that are not true are:

1. Elton Mayo published the Hawthorne Studies: Elton Mayo did not publish the Hawthorne Studies. The Hawthorne Studies were a series of experiments conducted at Western Electric's Hawthorne Works in the 1920s and 1930s, led by researchers from Harvard University and the University of Chicago. The studies investigated the impact of various factors, such as lighting and working conditions, on worker productivity and behavior.

2. Eli Whitney introduced many BIT tools during the era of Operations Research: Eli Whitney was an American inventor and engineer known for popularizing the concept of interchangeable parts and inventing the cotton gin. While his contributions were significant, he did not introduce "BIT" tools during the era of Operations Research. "BIT" is not a recognized term in the context of operations management or operations research.

To summarize, the true statements regarding contributors to the evolution of operations management are that Adam Smith introduced the concept of Division of Labor, and Frederick Taylor is known for standardizing how work is completed.

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The balance is 66.

To draw the T-accounts and show the balance, we will create two separate accounts: Cash Received and Cash Paid.

1. Cash Received Account:
  - Starting with an opening balance of zero, we will record the cash received.
  - On the left side of the T-account, we will write "Cash Received."
  - On the right side, we will write the amounts received in chronological order: 10, 25, 35, and 50.
  - Finally, we will calculate the total by adding up all the amounts received: 10 + 25 + 35 + 50 = 120.

2. Cash Paid Account:
  - Starting with an opening balance of zero, we will record the cash paid.
  - On the left side of the T-account, we will write "Cash Paid."
  - On the right side, we will write the amounts paid in chronological order: 17, 14, and 23.
  - Finally, we will calculate the total by adding up all the amounts paid: 17 + 14 + 23 = 54.

To find the balance, we subtract the total cash paid from the total cash received: 120 - 54 = 66.

Therefore, the balance is 66.

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The total assets turnover ratio (TATO) for Ryngard Corp is 2.00, calculated as the sales of $32,000 divided by the average total assets of $16,000.

To calculate the total assets turnover ratio (TATO), we divide the sales by the average total assets.
TATO = Sales / Average Total Assets
In this case, the sales last year were $32,000, and the total assets were $16,000.
To find the average total assets, we need to consider the assets at the beginning and end of the year. However, since the question does not provide this information, we will assume that the total assets remain constant throughout the year.
Therefore, the average total assets will be $16,000.
Now, we can calculate the TATO:
TATO = $32,000 / $16,000 = 2
Therefore, the total assets turnover ratio (TATO) for Ryngard Corp is 2.
The correct answer is c. 2.00.

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A government official considering the effect of increased military goods production on consumer goods production - is an example of an organization using marginal analysis. Option B.

Marginal analysis is a decision-making technique that involves evaluating the costs and benefits of producing or consuming one additional unit of a good or service. It examines the incremental changes and trade-offs associated with different choices to determine the optimal decision.

In option b, the government official is considering the impact of increasing military goods production on the production of consumer goods. This scenario involves comparing the costs and benefits of allocating resources towards military production instead of consumer goods production.

By using marginal analysis, the government official can assess the additional costs and benefits of producing one more unit of military goods, while also considering the potential opportunity cost of diverting resources away from consumer goods production.

This analysis allows the official to make an informed decision on resource allocation based on the marginal benefits and costs associated with the different production options.

In contrast, option a (a farmer hoping for rain) does not involve evaluating marginal costs and benefits; it is more about relying on external factors that are beyond the farmer's control.

Option c (a business calculating economic profits) and option d (a hotel manager calculating the average cost per guest for the past year) do not explicitly involve analyzing the marginal changes associated with different choices.

In summary, a government official considering the effect of increased military goods production on consumer goods production - is the example that best represents the use of marginal analysis. So Option B is correct.

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a. To calculate the marginal social cost (MSC), we need to sum the marginal private cost (MPC) and the marginal external cost (MEC). Since the MEC is estimated to be $5 per unit, we add this to the MPC. Therefore, MSC = MPC + MEC.

b. To find the efficient quantity and price for oranges, we need to equate the MSC with the marginal social benefit (MSB). The efficient quantity occurs when MSC = MSB. At this quantity, social welfare is maximized. The efficient price can be determined by the demand curve, which represents the MSB.

c. To measure the deadweight loss (DWL) caused by ignoring the external cost, we compare the socially optimal quantity to the quantity produced in the market. DWL represents the loss in social welfare due to inefficient production. It is calculated as the difference between the consumer surplus and producer surplus at the socially optimal quantity.

d. The market is inefficient because it fails to take into account the external cost of production. In a competitive market, producers only consider the private costs and benefits, leading to overproduction and a suboptimal allocation of resources. This results in negative externalities, such as water pollution in this case. Government intervention or market-based mechanisms like taxes or permits are necessary to internalize the external cost and achieve efficiency.

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Many North American companies have changed dramatically since the 1990s by improving quality and reducing costs in direct response to increased global competition.

The transformation of many North American companies since the 1990s, characterized by quality improvement and cost reduction initiatives, can be attributed to the escalating global competition in various industries. The 1990s marked a significant turning point in the business landscape, as advancements in technology and communication opened up new opportunities for companies around the world.

Increased globalization and the liberalization of trade led to a surge in competition from companies based in different countries, particularly in emerging economies with lower production costs. To remain competitive, North American companies recognized the need to enhance their product quality and reduce costs to meet the changing market demands.

Improving quality ensured that products and services met or exceeded customer expectations, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty.

By embracing quality improvement methodologies like Total Quality Management (TQM), Lean Manufacturing, and Six Sigma, North American companies implemented systematic approaches to enhance efficiency, eliminate waste, and optimize processes.

Ultimately, this direct response to increased global competition allowed North American companies to adapt, thrive, and maintain their market positions in an increasingly interconnected and competitive business environment.

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One example of a product that delivers "variety in mere nothings" is a coffee shop.

1. The coffee shop develops and accentuates differentiation by offering a wide range of coffee flavors and blends. They provide options such as caramel, mocha, and hazelnut, allowing customers to choose their preferred taste. In contrast, a competing coffee shop may only offer basic coffee flavors like black or with milk.

2. The coffee shop also differentiates itself by providing a variety of milk options. They offer regular milk, soy milk, almond milk, and coconut milk, catering to customers with different dietary preferences. A competing coffee shop may only offer regular milk, limiting choices for customers.

3. In terms of sizes, the coffee shop offers different cup sizes ranging from small to large. This allows customers to choose the amount of coffee they want, catering to both those who prefer a quick shot and those who enjoy a large cup. In comparison, a competing coffee shop may only offer a standard cup size.

4. The coffee shop differentiates further by offering a selection of bakery items. They provide options such as muffins, croissants, and cookies, giving customers the opportunity to pair their coffee with a snack. In contrast, a competing coffee shop may only offer limited bakery items or none at all.

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Whalen Inc. raised $202.73 million. If the stock price dropped 3.4%, Whalen Inc. would receive $195.73 million.

Part 1:

a. To calculate the amount of money Whalen Inc. raised, we need to find the gross proceeds from the sale of 5 million primary shares.

Gross proceeds = Number of shares sold * Price per share

Gross proceeds = 5 million * $42.50

Gross proceeds = $212.5 million

b. The underwriting fee charged by the underwriter is 4.6% of the gross proceeds. So we need to subtract the underwriting fee from the gross proceeds to find the net proceeds raised by Whalen Inc.

Underwriting fee = Gross proceeds * Underwriting fee rate

Underwriting fee = $212.5 million * 4.6% = $9.77 million

Net proceeds raised = Gross proceeds - Underwriting fee

Net proceeds raised = $212.5 million - $9.77 million

Net proceeds raised = $202.73 million

Therefore, Whalen Inc. raised $202.73 million.

Part 2:

b. The venture capitalists sold 4 million shares, so we need to calculate the proceeds they received from the sale.

Proceeds received by venture capitalists = Number of shares sold by venture capitalists * Price per share

Proceeds received by venture capitalists = 4 million * $42.50

Proceeds received by venture capitalists = $170 million

After deducting the underwriting fee, the venture capitalists received the same amount as the gross proceeds because they sold their shares directly.

Therefore, the venture capitalists received $170 million.

Part 3:

c. If the stock price dropped 3.4% on the announcement of the SEO, we need to calculate the new price per share and then find the amount of money Whalen Inc. would receive from the sale of 5 million primary shares.

New price per share = Current price per share * (1 - Percentage drop)

New price per share = $42.50 * (1 - 3.4%)

New price per share = $42.50 * 0.966 = $41.10

Proceeds received by Whalen Inc. = Number of shares sold by Whalen Inc. * New price per share

Proceeds received by Whalen Inc. = 5 million * $41.10

Proceeds received by Whalen Inc. = $205.5 million

After deducting the underwriting fee, Whalen Inc. would receive:

Net proceeds received by Whalen Inc. = Proceeds received by Whalen Inc. - Underwriting fee

Net proceeds received by Whalen Inc. = $205.5 million - $9.77 million

Net proceeds received by Whalen Inc. = $195.73 million

Therefore, if the stock price dropped 3.4%, Whalen Inc. would receive $195.73 million.

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The lowest price for the chair is $216.

When the first distributor lists the chair for $250 less 20%, the discount is calculated by multiplying the original price ($250) by 20% (or 0.20), resulting in a discount of $50. So the price from the first distributor is $250 - $50 = $200.

Similarly, when the second distributor lists the chair for $240 less 10%, the discount is calculated by multiplying the original price ($240) by 10% (or 0.10), resulting in a discount of $24. So the price from the second distributor is $240 - $24 = $216.

Therefore, the lowest price for the chair is $216, which is offered by the second distributor.

To calculate the discount, we multiply the original price by the discount rate expressed as a decimal. For example, a 20% discount is equivalent to multiplying the original price by 0.20. This gives us the discount amount. Subtracting the discount amount from the original price gives us the final discounted price.

In this case, the first distributor offers a $250 discount, which is 20% of the original price. Multiplying $250 by 0.20 gives us a discount amount of $50. Subtracting $50 from the original price of $250 gives us $200.

Similarly, the second distributor offers a $240 discount, which is 10% of the original price. Multiplying $240 by 0.10 gives us a discount amount of $24. Subtracting $24 from the original price of $240 gives us $216.

Comparing the two prices, we can see that the price from the second distributor, $216, is lower than the price from the first distributor, $200. Therefore, the lowest price for the chair is $216.

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a) The profit maximizing level of output for a perfectly competitive firm is 100 units. b) The profit maximizing level of output for a perfectly competitive firm is 25 units.

a) The price equals $50 with probability 1/3 and equals $90 in all other cases, according to the firm's marginal cost function, which is given by c(Q) = 2Q.The equation R(Q) = P(Q) Q = 50 (1/3) + 90 (2/3)Q = 76Q yields the total revenue function. The total profit function is given by π(Q) = R(Q) − C(Q) = 76Q − 2Q2.The first-order condition for maximizing profit is obtained by differentiating the profit function and equating the derivative to zero. That is,π′(Q) = 76 − 4Q = 0. => Q = 19 and π(Q) = 19(76 − 2(19)) = $722The second-order condition is obtained by taking the second derivative of the profit function. That is,π′′(Q) = −4 < 0. Therefore, the profit function is maximized when the output level is 19 units. b) The firm's marginal cost function is given by c(Q) = 3Q and the price equals $6, $9, or $15, each with equal probability. The expected price is given by E[P(Q)] = 6(1/3) + 9(1/3) + 15(1/3) = $10.The total revenue function is given by R(Q) = P(Q) × Q = 10Q.The total profit function is given by π(Q) = R(Q) − C(Q) = 10Q − 3Q2.The first-order condition for maximizing profit is obtained by differentiating the profit function and equating the derivative to zero. That is,π′(Q) = 10 − 6Q = 0. => Q = 5/3 and π(Q) = 50/9.The second-order condition is obtained by taking the second derivative of the profit function. That is,π′′(Q) = −6 < 0. Therefore, the profit function is maximized when the output level is 5/3 units (approximately 1.67 units).

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The quarterly required return is 10.5% and the intrinsic value of the stock is $18.23. The quarterly required return for Rand Inc. can be calculated using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) .

The intrinsic value of the stock can be determined using the dividend discount model (DDM) formula, taking into account the expected dividends and the required return.

Beta of Rand Inc. = 1.7.

Quarterly dividend (D) = $0.32.

stock dividend growth rate for the next 4 quarters (g1) = 4%

Dividend growth rate after 4 quarters (g2) = 2.9%

Risk-free rate (Rf) = 2%

Expected market return (Rm) = 7%

Now we will use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to calculate the quarterly required return:

[tex]$$r_i = r_f + \beta_i (r_m - r_f)$$$$r_i = 2 + 1.7 (7 - 2)$$$$r_i = 2 + 8.5$$$$r_i = 10.5 \%$$[/tex]

Now we will calculate the intrinsic value of the stock using the Dividend Discount Model (DDM):

[tex]$$P_0 = \frac{D_1}{r - g}$$$$D_1 = D_0 (1 + g_1)$$$$D_1 = 0.32 (1 + 0.04)$$$$D_1 = 0.3328$$[/tex]

When calculating the intrinsic value, we consider the dividend growth rate for the first four quarters as it is higher.

Therefore,

g = g1 = 4%

r = r i /4

= 10.5/4

= 2.625%.

Putting these values in the formula,

[tex]$$P_0 = \frac{0.3328}{0.02625 - 0.04}$$$$P_0 = \$18.23$$[/tex]

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Corporations can make a positive contribution in several areas, including the environment, philanthropy, labor practices, and volunteering.

Let's see how Starbucks can make a positive contribution in each of these areas:
1. Environment: Starbucks can make a positive contribution by implementing sustainable practices. For example, they can promote the use of reusable cups, offer recycling options, and source ethically and sustainably produced coffee beans. By doing so, Starbucks can reduce waste and minimize their environmental impact.
2. Philanthropy: Starbucks can make a positive contribution by supporting various social causes through philanthropy. For instance, they can donate to organizations that focus on education, healthcare, or poverty alleviation. By investing in these initiatives, Starbucks can help create a positive social impact in communities.
3. Labor practices: Starbucks can make a positive contribution by ensuring fair labor practices within their business. This includes providing competitive wages, offering employee benefits, and creating a safe and inclusive work environment. By prioritizing the well-being and rights of their employees, Starbucks can set a positive example for other corporations.
4. Volunteering: Starbucks can make a positive contribution by encouraging their employees to participate in volunteer activities. They can organize community service events, such as cleaning up local parks or serving meals at shelters. By actively engaging in volunteerism, Starbucks can contribute to the betterment of society and foster a sense of community.

These examples illustrate how Starbucks can make positive contributions in the areas of environment, philanthropy, labor practices, and volunteering, all while aligning with their business objectives.

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