Miosis is the opposite of mydriasis, which causes your eyes' black centres to enlarge dramatically. The size of the pupils is normally equal.
They narrow in reaction to direct illumination (direct response) and the opposite eye's illumination (consensual response). Darkness causes the pupil to enlarge. The pupil is constricted by the pupillary light reflex in reaction to light, and this is done by innervating the iris sphincter muscle. Myosis, also known as miosis, is the severe constriction of the pupil (from the Ancient Greek v (mein) "to close the eyes").
Mydriasis, the opposite ailment, causes the pupil to enlarge. In the body, dilatation and constriction are opposing but connected processes. Whereas constriction results in a decrease in material flow by blocking the route, dilatation increases material flow by opening or extending a structure or passageway.
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the angiosperm life cycle undergoes an alternation of generations – one multicellular stage is haploid and another multicellular stage is diploid. based on your knowledge of the angiosperm life cycle, can you categorize the following structures as haploid, diploid, or something else?endosperm female gametophyte sperm cellflower sporophytemale gametophyte Typote egg cell
Each pollen grain consists of two cells: a reproductive cell that will divide into two sperm and a cell that will grow into the pollen tube.
It showing the reproductive system's life cycle A collection of organs and mechanisms that facilitate the development of new, closely related young living organisms is known as a reproductive organs. Both males and females have a reproductive cell, which is a collection of organs that produces sex hormones and gametes.
Reproduction is one of the primary tasks of all living things. Sexual reproduction, a more complicated and highly evolved process, is made possible by the diverse reproductive systems of both male and female humans. The human reproductive system, which also provides food for the embryo, produces the gametes (sperm and ova).
The life cycle of angiosperms consists of the sporophyte phase and the gametophyte phase. The usual plant body that we see when we observe an angiosperm is called a sporophyte, and the cells in this body have all of the chromosomes that are needed (i.e., the cells are diploid, or 2n)
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Inorganic elements needed in small amounts to help regulate body functions, aid in grown and maintenance of body tissues and help release energy.17 essential minerals. Anemia - Iron deficiency Osteoporosis - calcium deficiency
Calcium is one of the 17 essential minerals required by the body in small amounts to help regulate body functions, aid in the growth and maintenance of body tissues, and help release energy. Here option D is the correct answer.
Calcium is primarily known for its role in bone health, but it is also essential for muscle contraction, nerve function, blood clotting, and enzyme activity.
A deficiency in calcium can lead to a variety of health problems, including osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weakened bones that are more prone to fractures. Other symptoms of calcium deficiency may include muscle cramps, tingling in the fingers and toes, and irregular heartbeat.
It is important to consume adequate amounts of calcium through diet or supplements, especially during periods of growth, pregnancy, and lactation. Good dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, leafy green vegetables, fortified cereals, and some types of fish.
Complete question:
Inorganic elements are needed in small amounts to help regulate body functions, aid in the growth and maintenance of body tissues, and help release energy.17 essential minerals.
A - Anemia
B - Iron deficiency
C - Osteoporosis
D - Calcium deficiency
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Which muscles may be overactive with knee valgus during the single-leg squat?
Select one:
a. Adductor complex
b. Gluteus maximus and medius
c. Upper trapezius
d. Hip flexors
d. Hip flexors. Bringing the thighs together is primarily accomplished by a set of muscles known as the adductors of the hip. The hip adductors shape the medial thigh's surface anatomy because of where they are located.
The shaft of the femur and the proximal tibia are reached by these muscles, which extend from the anteroinferior external surface of the bony pelvis. The L2-L4 obturator nerve (which supplies blood mostly through the branches of the femoral and obturator arteries) innervates the majority of hip adductors, which are also supplied by blood.
This group of muscles primarily acts at the hip joint to cause adduction of the thigh, or the pulling of the thigh towards or past the median plane. When the hip joint is positioned anatomically, the unilateral adduction is at its strongest.
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During which geological period did the most recent types of body plans appear?
a) Devonian
b) Cambrian
c) Triassic
d) Carboniferous e) Jurassic
Answer:
B.the Cambrian period
Explanation:
The most recent types of body plans appeared during the Cambrian period. The Cambrian period is known as the "Cambrian explosion" because it was a time when there was a rapid diversification of life on Earth, and many new body plans appeared. During this time, there was an explosion of biodiversity, and many of the major animal phyla that exist today first appeared, such as arthropods, chordates, and echinoderms. The Cambrian period is therefore an important time in the history of life on Earth, as it marked the beginning of the development of many of the complex body plans that exist today.
does natural selection act on individuals or does it act on something else?
Answer:
that's because the Natural selection acts on populations. Individuals do not evolve in genetic evolutionary terms. Individuals may mutate, but natural selection acts by shifting the characteristics of the population as a whole.
Explanation:
what scientific idea is the first law of thermodynamics a practical restatement of
The First Law of Thermodynamics is a practical restatement of the Law of Conservation of Energy, which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
This law is true for all types of energy, such as heat, light, chemical, electrical, and mechanical energy. This law is known as "the total energy of a system remains constant throughout time" in thermodynamics.
In other words, the system's overall energy level must not change. According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy can be changed from one form to another, but the system's overall energy must always stay constant.
This law is significant in physics and engineering because it enables us to forecast how energy will move from one location to another. It also offers a foundation for comprehending how effectively energy is transformed, such as how effectively an engine works.
Complete Question:
What scientific idea is the First Law of Thermodynamics a practical restatement of?
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In the 1940s, proteins were thought to be the more likely molecules to house genetic information. What was the primary reason that DNA was not originally believed to be the genetic material?
(a) DNA has a high density of negative charges.
(b) Nucleotides were known to be a source of chemical energy for the cell.
(c) Both protein and nucleic acids were found to be components of chromosomes.
(d) DNA was found to contain only four different chemical building blocks.
The primary reason that DNA was not originally believed to be the genetic material is that DNA was found to contain only four different chemical building blocks. The correct option is Option D.
Proteins were earlier thought to be the carriers of genetic material. This was thought because they had a more complex structure, being made up of 20 different amino acids. The analysis of DNA is important in the understanding of both the biological mechanisms of life and diseases that arise when this process goes wrong. Many other different applications have been developed to understand this process. These scientists analyses the molecule through a range of techniques, including DNA sequencing which helps work out its structure, through to PCR, which rapidly amplifies tiny quantities of DNA into billions of copies.
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Drag each cell structure to the appropriate bin. If a structure is found in both plant cells and animal cells, drag it to the "both" bin. chloroplast cellulose cell wall plant cell only mitochondrion endoplasmic reticulum central vacuole nucleus plasma membrane animal cell only Golgi apparatus both centriole cytoskeleton
cellulose cell wall, core vacuole, and chloroplast are uniquely found in plant cells.
only a mammalian cell, the centriole. Both - mitochondria, cytoskeleton, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, and plasma membrane. Animal and plant cells share more similarities than differences. Nonetheless, the distinctive architecture of plant cells play significant roles. In the chloroplasts of plant cells, photosynthesis takes place. The central vacuole of the plant cell occupies the majority of the cell's volume and performs a number of tasks, such as storing and hydrolyzing organic molecules. Plant cells are shielded from harm and keep their shape thanks to their cellulose-based cell walls. The most prevalent organic substance in nature is cellulose.
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Which of the following situations creates edema?
Edema is brought on by a rise in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient.
Why is hydrostatic pressure so high?This is brought on by buoyancy, which negates the gravitational pull and lessens extravasation, which often happens in dependent regions of the body. The volume of blood circulating increases as a result. Vasoconstriction in the periphery reduces peripheral perfusion and promotes a more centralized circulation.
Does elevated hydrostatic pressure result in edema?Edema is caused by either an increase in the intravascular fluid's flow into the interstitial space or a reduction in the interstitial fluid's flow into the capillaries or lymphatic arteries. One or more of the following are part of the mechanism: increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries.
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Question:
Which of the following situations may create edema?
a) A decrease in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
b) An increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
c) An increase in the colloid osmotic pressure
d) A negative net filtration pressure (NFP)
what is the most cephalic section of the pharynx?
The most cephalic section of the pharynx is the nasopharynx. The nasopharynx is the superior section of the pharynx.
Located at the back of the nasal cavity and extending from the base of the skull to the level of the soft palate.
It functions as an airway between the nasal cavity and the larynx and is a component of the respiratory system. Moreover, mucous membranes that line the inside of the body release mucus to assist filter and moisturise incoming air.
As the nasopharynx is where voice sounds are created and resonant, it plays a crucial role in sound transmission. The Eustachian tube, which joins the middle ear to the back of the nose and throat and allows air to enter to equalise air pressure, is also housed there.
The immune system also includes the nasopharynx, which serves as one of the initial lines of protection against inhaled infections.
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in long bone formation, from what embryonic structure does the articular hyaline cartilage on the end of an adult long bone arise?
The articular hyaline cartilage on the end of an adult long bone arises from the mesoderm germ layer during embryonic development.
The mesoderm germ layer forms the limb buds, which later develop into the long bones of the body, during embryonic development. Hyaline cartilage, which acts as a template for bone production, covers the developing bones as they grow.
By a process known as endochondral ossification, the hyaline cartilage is gradually replaced by bone tissue as the bones expand. The articular hyaline cartilage at the ends of the bones, on the other hand, is still there and provides a smooth surface for joint motion.
Overall, the production of long bones is a complicated process that involves several stages of cartilage and bone development. There are numerous structures that form from the mesoderm germ layer during embryonic development, one of which is the articular hyaline cartilage on the end of an adult long bone.
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how much of human dna is different from one person to the next?
Human DNA is highly similar from one person to the next, with an average of 99.9% similarity in the nucleotide sequences that make up the genome.
However, even a 0.1% difference in DNA can translate to millions of variations in the genome, which can have significant effects on an individual's traits, susceptibility to diseases, and response to drugs.
There are several types of genetic variation that can occur between individuals, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), copy number variations (CNVs), and structural variations (SVs). SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation and involve the substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific location in the genome.
CNVs involve changes in the number of copies of a particular DNA segment, while SVs involve changes in the structure of the genome, such as insertions, deletions, and inversions of DNA segments.
The exact amount of genetic variation between individuals varies depending on the specific loci and types of variation considered, as well as the population and geographic region of origin. However, studies estimate that there are about 4-5 million SNPs in the human genome, and that any two unrelated individuals are likely to differ by about 1 in every 1,000 nucleotides (or 3 million nucleotides in total).
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what major paired vessels supply oxygenated blood to the head and neck regions? specify veins or arteries.
The major paired vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the head and neck regions are the carotid arteries and the jugular veins.
The carotid arteries are two major blood vessels that originate in the chest and supply oxygenated blood to the head and neck regions. There are two carotid arteries, one on each side of the neck, and they each divide into two branches: the internal carotid artery, which supplies blood to the brain, and the external carotid artery, which supplies blood to the face, neck, and scalp.
The jugular veins are also paired vessels that drain deoxygenated blood from the head and neck regions back to the heart. There are two jugular veins, one on each side of the neck, and they run alongside the carotid arteries. The internal jugular vein is the larger of the two and drains blood from the brain and the deep tissues of the neck and face, while the external jugular vein drains blood from the superficial tissues of the face and neck.
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what are the main difference between animal and plant cells??
How do these differences influence the internal structure of these cell
The main difference is that Animal Cells do not have a cell wall, plants do. there's obviously more but I believe that's the main difference
A cell membrane and a cell wall are features of plant cells. The cell membrane is surrounded by the cell wall in plants. The plant cell's distinctive rectangular shape is due to this. Plant cells lack the centrosome and lysosome, while animal cells only have a cell membrane and no cell wall, giving them a circular shape. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole.
What are the label parts of the respiratory system?
The label parts of the respiratory system is Nose and Mouth, Pharynx, Trachea, Alveoli and Overall.
The respiratory system is a complex system responsible for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the body and the environment. The major parts of the respiratory system and their functions are:
Nose and Mouth: These are the entry points for air into the respiratory system. They warm, humidify, and filter the air before it enters the lungs.
Pharynx: It is a muscular tube that connects the nose and mouth to the larynx. The pharynx serves as a passageway for both air and food.
Larynx: It is also known as the voice box and is located between the pharynx and trachea. The larynx contains the vocal cords and plays a crucial role in speech and breathing.
Trachea: It is a rigid tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi. The trachea is lined with cilia and mucus-secreting cells that help to trap and remove foreign particles.
Bronchi: These are the two main branches of the trachea that enter each lung. The bronchi further divide into smaller bronchioles, which eventually lead to the alveoli.
Alveoli: These are small, thin-walled sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the air enters the bloodstream through the walls of the alveoli, while carbon dioxide from the bloodstream enters the alveoli to be exhaled out of the body.
Lungs: The lungs are a pair of spongy, elastic organs that contain the bronchi and alveoli. The lungs are responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide from the body.
Overall, the respiratory system is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to ensure that the body receives the oxygen it needs and removes carbon dioxide waste.
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What happens if you stimulate the reticular formation?
The stimulation of the reticular formation causes changes in the electroencephalogram or the EEG, which causes the abolition of synchronized discharge as well as the introduction of low voltage fast activity.
The reticular formation is basically a set of interconnected nuclei which are found to be located throughout our brainstem. It is not very well defined anatomically and this is because it includes neurons which are located in different parts of our brain. The neurons of the reticular formation basically form a very complex set of networks which are present in the core of the brainstem.
The reticular formation includes the ascending pathways in the ascending reticular activating system or the ARAS as well as the descending pathways to the spinal cord.
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What makes green anoles change color?
Color change in green anoles is a reaction to environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. Hormonal changes may also have an impact. It is unknown if lizards have emotions similar to humans.
Anolis carolinensis, sometimes known as the "green anole," is a species of tree-dwelling anole lizard that is endemic to the southeastern United States and has been imported to islands in the Pacific and Caribbean. The green anole is a small to medium-sized ecomorph with a trunk-crown pattern that may change its color from brown to green in a variety of tones.
The American anole, American green anole, North American green anole, and red-throated anole are some of its alternate names.
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Describe an example of how the chemical environment of a plant can influence phenotype:
The color of hydrangea blooms, for example, is dependent on the pH of the soil. A blue bloom indicates that it is grown in more acidic soil due to the presence of aluminum, whereas a pink flower indicates that it is planted in less acidic soil.
The scientific study of chemical and biological events that occur in natural settings is known as environmental chemistry. Green chemistry, on the other hand, tries to reduce possible pollution at its source.
It is the study of chemical species' sources, reactions, movement, impacts, and destinies in the air, soil, and water environments, as well as the influence of human and biological activities on these.
Environmental chemistry is an interdisciplinary subject that involves atmospheric, aquatic, and soil chemistry, as well as analytical chemistry and being related to other areas of research.
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etiolation is a set of morphological adaptations for growing under what condition?
Which of the following organs are involved in the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? Select all that apply.
a) Thyroid gland
b) Adrenal gland
c) Pancreas
d) Hypothalamus
e) Pituitary gland
The correct options for the given question are: (b)Adrenal gland, (d)Hypothalamus, (e)Pituitary gland.
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is a stress response model that describes how the body responds to and copes with stress. The organs involved in the GAS are primarily those of the endocrine system, which are responsible for regulating the body's response to stress. Therefore, the correct options are:
Adrenal glandHypothalamusPituitary glandThe adrenal gland plays a key role in the GAS, producing hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline that help the body to mobilize its resources and respond to stress. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together to regulate the adrenal gland's production of these hormones, by releasing hormones such as CRH and ACTH.
While the thyroid gland and pancreas are also part of the endocrine system, they are not directly involved in the GAS and do not play a primary role in the body's stress response.
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Would you want to visit a genetic counselor to determine if you or your future child had a genetic disorder? Why or why not?
Answer: Genetics and hereditary conditions can impact both your ability to conceive and maintain a pregnancy, as well as increase the risk of passing along a hereditary disorder to your future baby. If you are planning to get pregnant or have been trying to conceive without success, it may be a good time to consider talking to a genetic counselor.
Explanation:
The smaller the dna fragment, the __________ distance it will travel, putting closer to the _________.
The smaller the DNA fragment, the farther it will travel, putting it closer to the bottom of the gel.
In general , in the process of gel electrophoresis, the DNA fragments will get separated on the basis of their size and charge. This is the result of electric field when it is applied, the DNA fragments will migrate from the gel towards the opposite electrode.
In gel electrophoresis, the smaller fragments are moved more easily through the gel matrix, it will also decrease resistance, and migrate farther with the larger fragments. So , the smaller DNA fragments will travel more farther down the gel and get closer towards the bottom of the gel, on the other hand the larger fragments will remain at the top of the gel.
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Directions in which the skin is most resistant to stretch is called _____.
The directions in which the skin is most resistant to stretch is called Langer lines, also known as tension lines or cleavage lines.
Langer lines are the natural lines of tension in the skin that result from the orientation of collagen fibers. These lines run parallel to the underlying muscle fibers and represent the direction of the least skin distensibility and the greatest resistance to stretching. They are important to consider in surgeries such as incisions, as incisions made parallel to the Langer lines heal more quickly and produce less scarring than those made perpendicular to them.
Langer lines were first described by Karl Langer in 1861, and their importance in plastic surgery has been recognized since the 1930s.
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what statement best describes a wnt protein
A Wnt protein is a type of secreted signaling molecule that plays an important role in development and in the maintenance of adult tissue.
Wnt proteins act as morphogens that influence the patterning of cells, influencing cell fate and directing the development of specific structures. Wnt proteins are also involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as in stem cell maintenance and in the regeneration of adult tissues. A Wnt protein is a family of proteins that play a role in cell signaling. They are involved in diverse processes, including embryonic development, cell fate determination, and tissue homeostasis. These proteins transport signals between cells and have the ability to influence the behavior of the cells. Wnt proteins are essential for normal development and can be disrupted in some diseases.
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what do parasites in stool look like
The parasites which are usually found in stools look like worms and are mainly roundworms, pinworms etc.
There are several parasites which can be present in the intestines as they basically feed off our body. Worms which are present in our gut eventually happen to pass through the digestive system and get excreted out of our body through the stool or feces. Even if we are not showing any symptoms, we can still find signs of worms in our stool.
The worms which are present in the human feces can take a number of shapes and appearances. For roundworms, we will find pieces of worms in our feces. In the case of pinworms, we will be able to see thin, white colored worms which happen to appear like pieces of thread.
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Which sentence describes the shape of a spiral galaxy?
A. It has the shape of a football.
B. It has arms that wind around its core.
C. It has a center hole surrounded by a ring of stars.
D. It can have any shape.
Answer: C. It has a center hole surrounded by a ring of stars
Explanation:
Answer:
C it has a centre hole surrounded by a ring of stars
which is the distensibility of blood vessels?
The distensibility of blood vessels is the ability of the walls of the vessels to stretch or expand when filled with blood.
This is a crucial feature of blood vessels because it enables them to adapt to variations in blood volume and pressure and aids in ensuring a constant flow of blood throughout the body.
Blood vessel distensibility is primarily influenced by the elasticity of the vessel walls. The quantity of smooth muscle fibres and the presence of the proteins elastin and collagen in the blood vessel walls affect the blood vessels' flexibility.
The smooth muscle fibres aid in controlling the amount of force applied to the walls, while the elastin and collagen proteins provide the walls their elasticity and capacity to stretch.
The size, shape, and quantity of water and electrolytes in the blood are all factors that affect the distensibility of blood vessels.
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Can you breed two different types of animals?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
you can to give a different spicies of animals
100 POINTS!!!111!!!
BIOLOGY QUESTION PLS HELP!!
Procedure:
Plant Tissues — Part 1
Review each image in your lab activity slide show. Identify the correct tissue or organ below based on each individual slide. Several of these choices may be used multiple times.
phloem
stoma
xylem
guard cells
dermal
ground
vascular
Slide 1 Slide 2 Slide 3 Slide 4 Slide 5
a. a. a. a. a.
b. b. b. b. b.
c. c. c.
d.
Flower Dissection — Part 2
Pick a flower from your yard, a public location, or somewhere in your neighborhood.
Start by removing the sepals of the flower with a tweezer. If you do not have a tweezer, a small pair of scissors will also work. It may be easiest to do this if you hold the flower with your finger from below the pedicel (small stalk just underneath the flower) and begin to remove the sepals with a pair of tweezers.
Using tweezers, place the sepals on the labelled printable worksheet, and tape them in place.
Repeat the same procedure for the petals and pistil.
Remove all but one of the stamens and tape them onto the worksheet.
On your printable worksheet, you should have sepals, petals, stamens and one pistil.
Take a picture of your worksheet with the flower pieces placed correctly, and save it on your computer. You will attach and submit this with your assessment questions.
Data:
Flower Dissection
Name of Flower Component Piece of Flower from Lab Function
Sepal
Petals
Stamen
Pistil
Analysis & Conclusion — Part 3
Plant Tissues
What are three characteristics that all species belonging to the plant kingdom have in common?
How will the numbers of stomata differ in tropical plants and desert plants? How does this help protect the health of a plant?
If a plant's xylem and phloem become damaged, what type of damage will result within the plant? Describe the different roles on the xylem and phloem in your answer.
Why do we compare the dermal tissue of plants to human skin? Explain your answer.
Would a plant be able to survive if the ground tissue was damaged? Explain your answer.
Flowering Reproduction
Describe how flowering plants reproduce.
How do flowers help other organisms in our environment?
Which parts of a plant are responsible for reproduction? Describe the role that each of them will play.
Describe what occurs during the process of seed development.
Based on your knowledge of flowers, why do you think most flowers are bright in color?
Answer:
1. Three characteristics that all species belonging to the plant kingdom have in common are:
They are multicellular organisms
They are autotrophic, meaning they can produce their own food through photosynthesis
They have cell walls made of cellulose.
2. The numbers of stomata will differ in tropical plants and desert plants. Tropical plants tend to have more stomata on the underside of their leaves, while desert plants tend to have more stomata on the top of their leaves or in sunken pits. This helps protect the health of a plant because stomata are responsible for gas exchange, and having more stomata on the underside of the leaves helps reduce water loss through transpiration in humid environments. In contrast, having more stomata on the top of the leaves or in sunken pits can help reduce water loss in arid environments.If a plant's xylem and phloem become damaged, the plant will not be able to transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant. This can result in wilted leaves, stunted growth, and eventually death.
3. The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, while the phloem is responsible for transporting sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
4. We compare the dermal tissue of plants to human skin because they both serve as the protective outer layer of the organism. Dermal tissue in plants is the outermost layer of cells that covers the plant's surface and helps protect it from damage and water loss.
5. A plant may be able to survive if the ground tissue was damaged, depending on the extent of the damage. Ground tissue is responsible for photosynthesis, storage, and support in the plant. If only a small portion of the ground tissue is damaged, the plant may still be able to function, but if a significant amount of ground tissue is damaged, the plant may not be able to produce enough energy to survive.
Flowering Reproduction:
6. Flowering plants reproduce sexually. The male reproductive organs (stamens) produce pollen, which is transferred to the female reproductive organs (pistil) through the process of pollination. The pollen then fertilizes the ovules in the ovary, which eventually develop into seeds.
7. Flowers help other organisms in our environment by providing food and habitat for pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and birds. This helps promote biodiversity and maintain ecosystems.
8. The parts of a plant responsible for reproduction are the stamen (male reproductive organ), pistil (female reproductive organ), and the ovules (located in the ovary of the pistil). The stamen produces pollen, which contains the male gametes. The pistil contains the stigma (where the pollen lands), the style (a tube that leads to the ovary), and the ovary (where the ovules are located).
9. During the process of seed development, the fertilized ovule develops into a seed, which contains an embryo and a food supply (endosperm). The ovary develops into a fruit, which helps protect and disperse the seeds.
10. Most flowers are bright in color to attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and birds. The bright colors and sweet fragrances of flowers help to advertise the presence of nectar and pollen, which are the rewards for the pollinators' services.
the monomers that make up nucleic acids are known as
The monomers that make up nucleic acids are known as nucleotides. Nucleic acids are long-chain polymers made up of smaller monomers called nucleotides.
The nitrogenous base can be one of four types: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) in the case of DNA, or uracil (U) in the case of RNA. The pentose sugar is either ribose, in the case of RNA, or deoxyribose, in the case of DNA. The phosphate group consists of a phosphate ion bonded to the 5' carbon of the sugar.
When nucleotides link together through a condensation reaction, the phosphate group of one nucleotide binds to the 3' carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, forming a phosphodiester bond. This linkage creates a sugar-phosphate backbone that runs along the length of the nucleic acid molecule.
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