The pattern of fluctuations in bodily processes that occur regularly each day.

Answers

Answer 1

The term "circadian rhythm" refers to the regular daily pattern of changes in body functions.

A natural, internal process called the circadian rhythm controls various physiological and behavioural functions in living things, including the sleep-wake cycle. The body's internal clock, which is housed in the hypothalamus of the brain and reacts to external stimuli like light and temperature, is in charge of regulating this rhythm. Circadian rhythms can impact hormone production, metabolism, and cognitive function in addition to sleep-wake cycles. Circadian rhythm disturbances, such as those brought on by jet lag, shift work, or irregular sleep schedules, can have a severe impact on health and wellbeing and raise the risk of metabolic, mood, and sleep problems. Several disciplines, including as sleep medicine, endocrinology, and neurology, place a high priority on understanding and improving circadian rhythms.

Learn more about  "circadian rhythm" here:

https://brainly.com/question/6434404

#SPJ4


Related Questions

The legal costs associated with filing a patent for a new model of scooter at a toy manufacturer is an example of which type of​ activity?A. ​Unit-levelB. Batch-levelC. ​Product-levelD. Facility-level

Answers

On the other hand, unit-level activities are those that are necessary to manufacture or deliver a single unit of a good or service, like the price of raw materials or direct labour.

What are the activities at the unit level?

An action that takes place each time a unit is created is referred to as a unit-level activity. Since the amount that occurs will fluctuate in direct proportion to the quantity of units produced, this activity is a volume-based cost driver. Unit-level operations are related to direct resources like direct labour and direct materials.

How much work is done each time a single item is produced?

Unit-level costs are often regarded as variable costs because they are completed every time a unit is produced. Every time a batch or manufacturing run of a product is made, batch-level actions are carried out.

To know more about manufacture visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/28384697

#SPJ1

what type of logical error underlies the argument that black people were inferior?

Answers

Answer:

giving up themselves situation and which is not supposed to be and having a great inferior problem by deducting another person's money for their own good

what are the transitory items?

Answers

Things that are only temporary. a one-time item that appears on the income statement as a gain, loss, or expense. Because they are not recurrent, they are not considered part of the company's continuing business activities.

Transitory is also known as ephemeral, evanescent, brief, fleeing, temporary, and transient. While all of these phrases mean "lasting or remaining only for a limited time," transitory refers to something that is, by definition, bound to change, pass, or come to an end.

It is transitory if anything is transient or only lasts a short time. Your manager said that the firm's restructuring was only temporary and assured that the company would emerge stronger and better than ever. The adjective transitory refers to something that is ephemeral, fleeting, or brief.

Learn more about  transitory

https://brainly.com/question/29811650

#SPJ4

the diversion of these two rivers made it possible for the soviet union to grow cotton in the desert. What rivers ?

Answers

Answer:

The two rivers that made it possible for the Soviet Union to grow cotton in the desert were the Amu Darya and Syr Darya. The diversion of these two rivers enabled the Soviets to irrigate the Aral Sea region, creating vast tracts of land suitable for cotton production. The result was a major increase in the agricultural output of the Soviet Union.

as a leader, you know that your expectations and treatment of your employees influence and can predict how they will behave, how they will perform. this indicates that you know about ____.

Answers

As a leader, you know that your expectations and treatment of your employees influence and can predict how they will behave, how they will perform. this indicates that you know about the Pygmalion effect

The Pygmalion effect, also known as the Rosenthal effect, is a psychological phenomena in which having high expectations leads to better performance in a specific area.

The effect is called after the Greek myth of Pygmalion, a sculptor who fell so deeply in love with his flawlessly beautiful statue that it came to life. In their book Pygmalion in the Classroom, psychologists Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson borrowed some of the myth by advancing the idea that teachers' expectations of their students affect their performance, a view that has since been called into question as a result of subsequent research findings.

Learn more about The Pygmalion effect

https://brainly.com/question/14648486

#SPJ4

a supplier who provides only materials to a project normally expects what type of agreement?

Answers

A supplier who provides only materials to a project normally expects a purchase agreement or a supply agreement.

At the point when a supplier provides just materials to a project, they normally expect a buy understanding or a stock consent to be set up. These arrangements characterize the agreements of the plan, including the amount, quality, and conveyance of the materials. A buy understanding is a lawfully restricting report that frames the points of interest of the buy, including installment terms, conveyance dates, and guarantees.

A supply agreement is a comparative kind of report that frames the agreements of a continuous connection between the provider and the venture. The two kinds of arrangements are fundamental to guarantee that the provider gives the vital materials at the settled-upon agreements.

Learn more about purchase agreement:

https://brainly.com/question/12985354

#SPJ4

people who live in poor (low socioeconomic status) neighborhoods are __________ to drop out of school before they graduate than those who do not.

Answers

Housing with health concerns may be a result of low income. Parents who lack education may be unable to learn how to safeguard their kids' health.

The social environment is made up of the organizations to which we belong, the areas in which we reside, how our jobs are set up, and the rules we establish to govern our lives. Lack of access to contemporary services and technology causes malnutrition, unhygienic living conditions, and unchecked disease. The social environment is not an example of technology. The term "social environment" describes the surroundings of a social situation in which individuals interact. Technology does not, therefore, fall within the social environment.

To learn more about education click on the link below:

brainly.com/question/18023991

#SPJ4

what are the nine propositions presented by sutherland

Answers

Edwin Sutherland was a criminologist who developed the theory of differential association, which suggests that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction with others who engage in criminal activity. Sutherland presented nine propositions to explain his theory, which are:

Criminal behavior is learned: Criminal behavior is not inherited or the result of some abnormality or mental illness, but rather it is learned through social interaction with others.

Criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others in a process of communication: Criminal behavior is not learned through solitary observation or imitation of media, but rather it is learned through communication with others who engage in criminal activity

To know more about Criminal here

https://brainly.com/question/6203610

#SPJ4

what is the average cost of homeowners insurance in tennessee

Answers

Tennessee homeowners insurance costs an average of $2,124 per year, according to NerdWallet. That is 30% more in excess of the national average.

Homeowners insurance is a type of property insurance that covers almost all losses and damages to an individual's home, as well as any furniture and other belongings inside. Liability for accidents that might happen on the property or inside the home is also covered by this insurance.

This insurance policy typically covers the following four types of incidents on the insured property. Interior damage, exterior damage, loss or damage to personal property, and injuries sustained while on the insured property. When a claim is made for any of these occurrences, the homeowner will be responsible for paying the deductible, which is essentially the insured's out-of-pocket expenses.

To learn more about homeowners insurance: https://brainly.com/question/30179892

#SPJ4

when a researcher is concerned if a measure gives consistent results, he or she is focused on

Answers

When a researcher is concerned about the consistency of a measure, they are typically referring to its reliability.

Reliability refers to the degree to which a measure produces consistent and stable results across time, across different raters, and across different items within the same measure.

Reliability is a critical aspect of research, as inconsistent measures can lead to unreliable results and inaccurate conclusions. A measure that is not reliable will produce random error and measurement error, which can obscure true relationships between variables or make it difficult to detect differences between groups.

Researchers can use several methods to assess reliability, including test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, internal consistency reliability, and split-half reliability. By evaluating the consistency and stability of their measures through these methods, researchers can determine the degree to which their measures are reliable and whether they can be trusted as valid measures of the constructs they are intended to measure.

To learn more about reliability

https://brainly.com/question/30154360

#SPJ4

what is list of adjective

Answers

Words that characterize or alter nouns or pronouns are called adjectives. Adjectives may help sentences become more vivid and descriptive while also assisting in understanding the message.

Adjectives give additional details about nouns or pronouns, including their form, number, nature, or condition.

For instance:

She was dressed in a lovely gown. (The noun "dress" is described and given further information by the adjective "beautiful").He consumed three big pizzas. (The term "big" refers to the number of pizzas and gives further details about their size.)The novel held my interest. (The noun "book" is described by the adjective "interesting," which also reveals more about the book's caliber.)

To know more about Adjectives:

https://brainly.com/question/11385993

#SPJ4

where are the biggest immigrant gateway cities in the US?

Answers

The United States has several large cities that serve as major immigrant gateways. Some of the biggest immigrant gateway cities in the US, based on the number of foreign-born residents, include New York City, Los Angeles, Miami, Chicago, Houston, San Francisco, Washington D.C, Boston, Atlanta, Dallas.

New York City, New York: With a population of over 8 million people, New York City is the largest city in the US and a major destination for immigrants. It has a diverse immigrant population, with immigrants from countries like China, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and India.

Los Angeles, California: The second largest city in the US, Los Angeles has a large immigrant population from countries such as Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, and the Philippines.

Miami, Florida: Miami is a major gateway for immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean, particularly from Cuba, Haiti, and Colombia.

Chicago, Illinois: Chicago has a diverse immigrant population, with immigrants from Mexico, Poland, India, and China, among others.

Houston, Texas: Houston is home to a large immigrant population from countries such as Mexico, India, China, and Vietnam.

San Francisco, California: San Francisco is a major gateway for immigrants from Asia, particularly China and the Philippines.

Washington D.C.: The nation's capital is home to a large immigrant population from El Salvador, Mexico, and China.

Boston, Massachusetts: Boston has a diverse immigrant population, with immigrants from countries such as Haiti, Dominican Republic, and China.

Atlanta, Georgia: Atlanta has a large immigrant population from countries such as Mexico, India, and Korea.

Dallas, Texas: Dallas has a diverse immigrant population, with immigrants from countries such as Mexico, India, and Vietnam.

It's worth noting that many other cities in the US also have significant immigrant populations, including Philadelphia, PA; Seattle, WA; Phoenix, AZ; and Minneapolis, MN, among others.

Learn more about the immigrant gateway:

brainly.com/question/10814567

#SPJ4

Which type of assessment is most intended to facilitate client self-awareness? a. standardized assessment b. speed test c. power test

Answers

Non-standardized assessment is most intended to facilitate client self-awareness. Informal evaluations are non-standardized measurements that are frequently tailored to the individual student.

These assessment can be distributed flexibly throughout the academic year to give a current snapshot of a student's proficiency in a particular subject.   Because the findings of standardized tests will be trustworthy and useful for numerous purposes on several levels, they may be used as both formal and overall assessments. Non-standardized examinations are frequently used as educational tools since they encourage the growth of monitoring and modifying skills and includes instructional strategies. Non-standardized evaluation examines a person's performance.

Learn more on  assessment

https://brainly.com/question/28046286

#SPJ4

which condition must be present for the supreme court to rule against private discrimination?
a. State action
b. Strict Scrutiny
c. Profiling
d. Voting rights act

Answers

State action must be present for the supreme court to rule against private discrimination. So, option A is correct.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution forbid both public and private actors from discriminating. However, the Supreme Court has ruled that the Constitution's anti-discrimination protections only apply to state action, or activities that are sufficiently connected to government activity, which refers to actions that are taken by the government or that are taken by private parties. So long as no state action is taking place, private persons and enterprises are typically free to engage in discriminatory activities.

The Supreme Court may only be allowed to step in, for instance, if there is state action present, such as a state law that expressly permits or encourages such discrimination, or a private business owner refuses to serve customers based on their race. Private discrimination is typically viewed as a question of personal liberties and rights in the absence of state intervention.

To know more about Supreme Court

brainly.com/question/1755400

#SPJ4

precise work processes and high-ranking customer service are examples of organizational ______ in a swot analysis.

Answers

Strengths

Precise work processes and high-ranking customer service are examples of organizational (strengths) in a swot analysis.

choice points"" are rare moments in a interpersonal relationship where the choice is made by people who are not connected to the relationship. True or false?

Answers

The statement "Choice points are rare moments in an interpersonal relationship where the choice is made by people who are not connected to the relationship is false" because choice points refer to specific moments within a relationship where an individual must decide the future of the relationship.

Hence the correct answer is false.

Outside individuals or circumstances can influence these decisions, but ultimately, the people involved in the relationship choose. Choice points can occur in any type of relationship, whether romantic, platonic, or professional. They can involve a variety of decisions, such as whether to continue the relationship, take it to the next level, or end it.

The choice made during a choice point can significantly impact the relationship and its future, and it's ultimately up to the individuals involved to make the decision that is best for them.

To know more about interpersonal relationships, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/17030968

#SPJ4

which common category of the whole group discussion format intends to have students gain knowledge from other group members or develop new ideas?

Answers

Answer:

guided

Explanation:

Which local government department is generally responsible for street maintenance and trash removal?
A.
public safety
B.
planning and zoning
C.
health and human services
D.
public works

Answers

Answer:

D. Public works

Explanation:

D. Public works is generally responsible for street maintenance and trash removal at the local government level.Public works departments are responsible for the construction, maintenance, and repair of a variety of public infrastructure, including streets, sidewalks, drainage systems, and waste management systems.

Answer:

D: Public Works

Explanation:

which pattern of arrangement would work best for a speech that outlines the timing of the events leading up to the development of the covid-19 vaccine?

Answers

A chronological pattern of arrangement would work best for a speech that outlines the timing of the events leading up to the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. This pattern involves presenting the information in the order in which events occurred.

What is an Example of a Speech Outline Using Chronological Pattern?

Here is an example outline for a speech using a chronological pattern of arrangement:

I. Introduction

Brief overview of the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for a vaccine

II. Early stages of the pandemic (December 2019 - March 2020)

Discovery of the virus in Wuhan, ChinaGlobal spread of the virusInitial research and development efforts

III. Vaccine development process (April 2020 - November 2020)

Testing and trialsCollaborative efforts between pharmaceutical companies and governmentsRegulatory approval

IV. Distribution and administration (December 2020 - Present)

Initial rollout of the vaccineChallenges and successes in distributing the vaccine worldwideOngoing efforts to vaccinate populations

V. Conclusion

Summary of key pointsReflection on the importance of the vaccine in combating the pandemic

Learn more about chronological pattern here: https://brainly.com/question/27339706

#SPJ1

which characteristics are true of culture? A) culture is shared. B) culture is dynamic. C) culture is static.
D) culture is symbolic.
E) culture is integrated. F) culture is learned.

Answers

The characteristics of culture is that culture is shared, dynamic symbolic, integrated and learned that is options A, B, D, E and F are correct.

Culture is an important part of the human society. There are different types of culture that are followed by the people all around the people. People following a particular culture practice certain traditions, rules and habits that make them unique and different from other cultures. However the cultures are learned by the people and they are shared too. Each culture is related to the other in some or the other way. Culture is dynamic that is it evolves through time. Culture symbolizes a particular group of people or sect. Culture is integrated as it joins people with each other. Each culture in this world has its own beauty.

Learn more about Culture at:

brainly.com/question/25010777

#SPJ4

The characteristics that are true of culture are A) culture is shared, B) culture is dynamic, D) culture is symbolic, E) culture is integrated, and F) culture is learned.

Culture is shared because it is a set of beliefs, customs, and traditions that are held by a group of people. It is dynamic because it is constantly changing and evolving as new ideas and practices are introduced. Culture is also symbolic because it uses symbols, such as language, to convey meaning and ideas.

Additionally, culture is integrated because it is a complex system where all of the parts are interconnected and influence one another. Finally, culture is learned because it is not something that we are born with, but rather something that we acquire through socialization and experience.

For more about culture:

https://brainly.com/question/30497684

#SPJ11

Which medication/s on SJ's profile is/are contraindicated? (Select ALL that apply.) A. Nicotine gum. B. Phenytoin C. Zyban D. Celebrex E. Cholecalciferol.

Answers

Phenytoin, for example, is an anti-seizure medication that can interact with other medications and cause side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and confusion. Here option B is the correct answer.

Zyban, a medication used to help quit smoking, can interact with other medications and cause side effects such as nausea, headaches, and insomnia. Celebrex, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can also interact with other medications and cause side effects such as stomach upset, nausea, and increased risk of bleeding.

Cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3, is generally well-tolerated and has few contraindications. Nicotine gum, a medication used to help quit smoking, can have side effects such as nausea, mouth soreness, and jaw pain, but is generally considered safe for most people.

It is important to consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist before taking any new medications, especially if you are taking other medications or have a known medical condition.

To learn more about Phenytoin

https://brainly.com/question/30589029

#SPJ4

what are the two different aspects of the church and what is their significance

Answers

The two different aspects of the Church are its visible aspect, which refers to the physical organization and structures of the Church, and its invisible aspect, which refers to its spiritual and divine nature

The visible aspect of the Church refers to the physical and institutional structures of the Church, such as its buildings, hierarchy, liturgy, and sacraments. These visible aspects provide a tangible and organized means for believers to gather and participate in the life of the Church.

They also serve to establish the authority and governance of the Church, ensuring that it is able to fulfill its mission and serve the needs of its members.

Learn more about Church:

https://brainly.com/question/17216488

#SPJ4

what is an objection to the idea that people give their implicit consent to the social contract?

Answers

One objection to the idea that people give their implicit consent to the social contract is that it assumes that people have a meaningful choice in whether or not to consent to the social contract.

In reality, many people may not have a meaningful choice because they are born into a society or country and are subject to that society's laws and regulations regardless of whether they have explicitly consented to them. Furthermore, people may not completely understand the social contract and what it entails, making it difficult for them to provide meaningful consent.

For example, many people may not fully understand the legal system, the nature of government power, or how their rights are protected under the social contract.

To know more about social contract, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/18024573

#SPJ4

What is the number of towns named valentine in the united states?

Answers

Four number of towns named valentine in the united states. Arizona virgina, Nebraska, And Texas have cities Named Valentine.

People has named the towns valentine to show their love and compassion to one another. Its a special day where people share their true feelings and love for a specific person such as a family member or a friend. On February 14, people celebrate Valentine's Day. It is a festival of love, and many people give their spouse or partner flowers, cards, letters, or gifts.

Pope Gelasius was to first proclaimed february fourteenth is valentine's day. Toward the finish of the fifth 100 years, They might also plan a night in a hotel or a romantic meal at a restaurant. Cupid, red roses, and hearts are popular Valentine's Day symbols.

Learn about valentines day

https://brainly.com/question/234083

#SPJ4

how many of the twelve basic functions look the same upside down as right-side up? list them.

Answers

Two of the  twelve basic functions look the same upside down as right-side up. They are :

CosineSecant

The trigonometric functions sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, cosecant, hyperbolic sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant are referred to as the twelve basic functions.

Only cosine and secant, out of these twelve functions, are the same upside down as they are right-side up.

This is because cosine and secant are both even functions, making them symmetric with respect to the y-axis. They appear the same when turned upside down due to their symmetry.

The angles and sides of a right-angled triangle are related mathematically by the trigonometric functions. They are used in a variety of fields, from physics and engineering to astronomy and music, and are defined as ratios of the triangle's sides.

To know more about Trignometric functions visit:

https://brainly.com/question/6904750

#SPJ4

When you are reporting deferred maintenance actions, and the completion of those maintenance actions do not result in a configuration change, you should use what form?

Answers

Use from OPNAV 4790/2K when reporting delayed maintenance tasks that do not produce configurations after completion. Delayed maintenance is maintenance that is postponed because not enough time, personnel, or resources are available to complete it.

Scheduled maintenance tasks and unforeseen faults both contribute to downtime. However a lack of company resources is typically the cause of deferred maintenance. Long-term maintenance delays may result in equipment deterioration, system breakdowns, and higher long-term maintenance costs.

Due to financing limitations, the public sector is especially vulnerable to deferred maintenance backlogs. Shrinking finances result in both maintenance delays and the deferral of repair work for upcoming budget cycles. This could lead to increased safety hazards if handled incorrectly.

Learn more about maintenance Visit: brainly.com/question/4234994

#SPJ4

what is the only world capital to have two time zones?

Answers

"The only world capital to have two time zones is Nicosia" Nicosia is the capital of Cyprus. It is also known as Lef-kosia.

The Greek side of Nicosia, Cyprus, is divided fr-om the Turkish side by one hour. Nicosia now holds two distinct-ions. It is the last divided cap-ital in Europe after the fall of the Ber-lin Wall — a United Nations buffer zone sepa-rates the Greek south-ern part of Cyprus fr-om the Turkish-Cypriots in the nor-th — and it is also the only wo-rld capital that follows 2 time zones.

The situation might so-und humorous, but it refl-ects more than just a difference of 1 hour.

To know more about Cyprus click below:

brainly.com/question/15214166

#SPJ4

Can an intended beneficiary sue directly to enforce a promisor's promise?

Answers

It is true that an intended beneficiary sue directly to enforce a promisor's promise.

An intended beneficiary is someone who is specifically named in a contract and who either receives performance from the promisor directly or who is shown to be the beneficiary of the contract by other factors. Typically, the obligation imposed by the promise in the contract can only be enforced by filing a lawsuit against the promisor. Defending against the promisee is up to the promisor. Unless they negatively rely on the promise, the recipient cannot bring legal action against the promisee. A third-party beneficiary must have vested rights in the agreement, which implies that the right must have actually arisen, in order to be able to enforce it. Hence, the right might not have vested if the contract is broken before a prerequisite has been satisfied.

learn more about intended beneficiary here:

https://brainly.com/question/15394564

#SPJ4

a person in the bible who suffered from severe depression was __________. A. John B. David C. Elijah

Answers

The right response is C. Elijah. Elijah in the Bible had acute sadness following his encounter with the prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel (1 Kings 18-19).

Christians all throughout the world revere the Bible as a treasured collection of religious writings. The Old Testament, which contains the Hebrew scriptures and other writings that date back to before the birth of Jesus Christ, and the New Testament, which contains the gospels, epistles, and other writings that are connected to the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, are the two main divisions of the Bible. Many people utilise the teachings of the Bible as the foundation for their faith and spirituality since it is seen to offer advice on how to have a fruitful and moral life. The Bible continues to be a crucial text for many people today after having had a huge historical impact on literature, art, and culture.

Learn more about  Bible here:

brainly.com/question/30034937

#SPJ4

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition
The percentage of the civilian labor force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment.
dependency
labor force
unemployment
mentor
unemployment rate
profession
ctivity

Answers

The workforce or labor force is a concept referring to the pool of human beings either in employment or in unemployment.

What is the meaning of the Labour Force?

The term "workforce" or "labor force" refers to the group of people who are either employed or unemployed. It usually refers to people who work for a certain organization or sector, but it can also refer to a specific geographic area like a city, state, or nation.

All individuals who meet the criteria for inclusion among the employed (civilian employment plus the military forces) or the unemployed make up the labor force, also known as the currently active population.

Learn more about the Labour Force here:

https://brainly.com/question/23507849

#SPJ9

Other Questions
the structural framework of nucleotide polymers consisting of sugars and phosphate groups linked by phosphodiester bonds. what is the z formula What do you need to consider in choosing a health career? Which describes the necessity for a hospital to follow its own medical staff by-laws of policy? Which of these is NOT subject to income taxation under a Modified Endowment Contract (MEC)? Loan against the cash value. Policy withdrawal. Policy dividend when a dependent clause comes at the start of a complex sentence, you need to put a comma after it. When providing hygiene for an older-adult patient, the nurse closely assesses the skin. What is the rationale for the nurse's action?a. Outer skin layer becomes more resilient.b. Less frequent bathing may be required.c. Skin becomes less subject to bruising.d. Sweat glands become more active. how is a gomphosis characterized, in terms of movement? One focus of strategic trade policy is to help domestic companies gain____Multiple Choice :a. more competition to lower prices.b. monopoly status.c. exclusive intellectual property rights.d. a first-mover advantage.e. less competition to raise prices. List two ways an individual can improve his or her credit score. what is baseball in spanish please help!this is due by tonight In 2000, what character was elected u. S. President in the dc universe? new synthetic nucleotides have been inserted into e. coli bacteria to increase the number of they can produce, which can help with the development of new drugs and other applications. The value of a new car is $30,000. The car will lose 12% of its value each year.Use an exponential function to find the value of the car after 5 years.Show all work. Round to the nearest whole number. Suppose private saving in a closed economy is $12b and investment is $10b. what size thhn thwn copper wire is required to supply a clothes dryer ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp Describe a barrier to democratization that is common to two (2) of the six countries being studied. (US AND CHINA) define density in terms of geography