Geography High School

The vast width of Martian volcanoes is illustrated by the comparison of Olympus Mons to the size of the state of Colorado in image 4C. On Earth, mantle convection produces plate tectonic motion. What difference in Martian tectonic activity gives rise to its very large volcanoes?

Answers

Answer 1

Unlike Earth, Mars does not have plate tectonics driven by mantle convection. Instead, its volcanoes are thought to be the result of a different type of tectonic activity called "hot spot" volcanism.

Hot spot volcanism occurs when a plume of hot material rises from deep within a planet's mantle and melts the crust above it, creating a volcanic hotspot.

time, as the planet's crust moves over the hotspot, a chain of volcanic mountains can form, with the oldest volcanoes being furthest from the hotspot and the youngest being directly above it.

On Mars, the hot spot that gave rise to Olympus Mons and other large volcanoes is thought to have remained in a fixed location for a long period of time, allowing magma to continuously erupt and build up over millions of years. This is in contrast to Earth, where the movement of tectonic plates causes hot spots to move and creates a more scattered pattern of volcanoes.

Additionally, Mars does not have an active magnetic field like Earth, which means that the planet's atmosphere is not protected from the solar wind. This has led to the erosion of the Martian surface over time, which has helped to expose the volcanic features that are visible today.

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