The Two important differences among the supply chain cycles are lead time and demand variability.
Lead Time: Lead time refers to the time it takes for an order to be fulfilled and delivered to the customer. In the customer order cycle, the lead time is typically shorter as it involves processing the customer's order, picking and packing the items, and arranging for shipment.
For example, if a customer orders a product online and selects overnight shipping, the lead time would be relatively short, usually around 24 hours. On the other hand, in the replenishment cycle, the lead time is longer as it involves placing an order with the supplier, waiting for the supplier to process the order, and then shipping it to the retailer. For instance, if a retail store needs to restock its shelves with a particular item, it may take several days or even weeks for the supplier to deliver the replenishment order.
Demand Variability: Demand variability refers to the fluctuations in customer demand for a product. In the customer order cycle, the demand variability can be high, especially for popular or seasonal products.
For example, during the holiday season, the demand for toys may increase significantly, resulting in a higher demand variability. In contrast, the demand variability is generally lower in the manufacturing cycle and procurement cycle. In the manufacturing cycle, the demand is relatively stable as it is based on the forecasted sales and production plans.
Similarly, in the procurement cycle, the demand is also more predictable as it is based on the anticipated needs of the organization. For instance, a company may procure raw materials based on the projected production volumes for the next few months.
the two differences among the supply chain cycles are lead time and demand variability. The lead time is shorter in the customer order cycle compared to the replenishment cycle. Additionally, demand variability is higher in the customer order cycle but lower in the manufacturing and procurement cycles.
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In each case, answer whether the preferences are definitely monotonic, definitely not, or not enough information. Explain your answer. a. J has utility function u(A,B) = A*B. Hint: Something important is happening in bundles involving 0 A’s or 0 B’s. b. J compares any two bundles by the following procedure. If the bundles have different numbers of A’s, she chooses the bundle with more A’s. If they have the same number of A’s and a different number of B’s, she chooses the bundle with more B’s. If they have the same number of A’s and the same number of B’s, she is indifferent.
a) The preferences of person J are not definitively monotonic.
b) The preferences of person J are not definitively monotonic.
a) The preferences of person J, with the utility function u(A, B) = A * B, are definitely not monotonic. Monotonic preferences imply that more of a good is always preferred to less of it. However, in this case, there is an important exception when bundles involve 0 A's or 0 B's. When either A or B is 0, the utility becomes 0, indicating indifference or lack of preference for bundles with 0 A's or 0 B's. This violates the monotonicity assumption, as there is a range of bundles where more of a good (A or B) does not necessarily lead to higher utility.
b) The preferences of person J, based on the described procedure, are definitely not monotonic. Monotonic preferences imply that more of a good is always preferred to less of it. However, in this case, person J's preferences depend on the relative quantities of A and B in the bundles. If the bundles have different numbers of A's, the bundle with more A's is preferred. If the bundles have the same number of A's but different numbers of B's, the bundle with more B's is preferred. This indicates that the preference order can change based on the quantities of A and B, which violates the assumption of monotonicity.
In both cases, the preferences are not monotonic due to specific conditions or rules that determine the preference order, rather than a consistent preference for more of a good.
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A survey has you check 5 for "strongly agree," 4 for "agree somewhat," 3 for "neutral," 2 for "disagree somewhat," and 1 for "strongly disagree." Are the values 1–5 categorical data or measurement data? Explain how you know
The values 1-5 in the survey are considered measurement data because they represent different levels of agreement or disagreement on a scale, allowing for numerical comparison and analysis.
The values 1-5 in the survey are considered measurement data. Measurement data, also known as numerical data, is data that can be measured or assigned a numerical value. In this case, the values 1-5 represent different levels of agreement or disagreement on a scale. Each value represents a specific degree of agreement or disagreement, ranging from "strongly disagree" (1) to "strongly agree" (5). These values have a clear order and can be compared and analyzed numerically.
On the other hand, categorical data consists of categories or labels that do not have a numerical value. Examples of categorical data include gender, color, or type of car. In the given survey, the values 1-5 are not simply labels or categories, but rather represent different levels or degrees of agreement, making them measurement data.
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How much must you deposit each year in an account that pays an annual interest rate of 11 percent, if in 5 years you want $13,000 in the account? $2,307 $1.893 $2,345 $2.087
The amount you must deposit each year in an account that pays an annual interest rate of 11 percent, if in 5 years you want $13,000 in the account is $2,087.
Here's how to solve this problem:We can use the future value formula for an annuity, which is:FV = PMT x [(1 + r)n - 1] / rwhere FV is the future value of the annuity, is the periodic payment, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the total number of periods.For this problem, we need to find PMT.
We know that:FV = $13,000r
= 11%
= 0.11n
= 5 (years)Substituting these values into the formula and solving for PMT, we get:PMT
= FV x r / [(1 + r)n - 1]PMT
= $13,000 x 0.11 / [(1 + 0.11)5 - 1]PMT
= $13,000 x 0.11 / 0.6499PMT ≈ $2,087Therefore, you must deposit approximately $2,087 each year for 5 years in an account that pays an annual interest rate of 11 percent, if you want to have $13,000 in the account.
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Marigold, Inc., manufactures clamps used in the overhead bin latches of several leading airplane models. Robert Williams, president of Marigold, Inc., has gathered the following cost information from the company’s accounting records for the latest month of operations.
Advertising $ 25,000
Fire insurance premium for the factory building $ 7,000
Sales office utilities $ 2,000
Air filters for the buffing machines used to produce the clamps $ 1,875
Aluminum used to produce the clamps $ 38,500
Rent on the factory building $ 9,000
Freight to ship the clamps to customers $ 3,125
Sales department executives’ salaries $ 41,500
Production supervisors’ salaries $ 23,000
Assembly line workers’ wages $ 63,000
(a) Calculate the total period costs for the month.
(b) Calculate the total product costs for the month.
(c) Calculate the amount of manufacturing overhead incurred for the month.
a. The total period costs for the month amount to $75,500.
b. The total product costs for the month amount to $135,375.
c. The amount of manufacturing overhead incurred for the month is $33,875.
(a) Total period costs for the month:
Period costs are costs that are not directly associated with the production of goods. They include selling, general, and administrative expenses. To calculate the total period costs for the month, we sum up the following expenses:
Advertising: $25,000
Fire insurance premium for the factory building: $7,000
Sales office utilities: $2,000
Sales department executives' salaries: $41,500
Total period costs = Advertising + Fire insurance premium + Sales office utilities + Sales department executives' salaries
= $25,000 + $7,000 + $2,000 + $41,500
= $75,500
(b) Total product costs for the month:
Product costs are costs directly incurred in the production of goods. They include direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. To calculate the total product costs for the month, we sum up the following expenses:
Air filters for buffing machines: $1,875
Aluminum used to produce clamps: $38,500
Rent on the factory building: $9,000
Production supervisors' salaries: $23,000
Assembly line workers' wages: $63,000
Total product costs = Air filters + Aluminum + Rent + Production supervisors' salaries + Assembly line workers' wages
= $1,875 + $38,500 + $9,000 + $23,000 + $63,000
= $135,375
(c) Amount of manufacturing overhead incurred for the month:
Manufacturing overhead consists of indirect costs related to the production process. To calculate the amount of manufacturing overhead incurred for the month, we subtract the direct costs (direct materials and direct labor) from the total product costs:
Amount of manufacturing overhead incurred = Total product costs - (Direct materials + Direct labor)
= $135,375 - ($38,500 + $63,000)
= $135,375 - $101,500
= $33,875
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What are the major differences, from the organization's perspective, in operating in a union-free environment versus a unionized environment? (Please present and discuss at least three differences.)
From the organization's perspective, operating in a union-free environment and a unionized environment have several major differences. Three significant differences are as follows:
Employee Relations and Collective Bargaining: In a union-free environment, the organization has direct control over employee relations and the establishment of workplace policies. It can independently negotiate and modify employment terms and conditions with individual employees. On the other hand, in a unionized environment, the organization must engage in collective bargaining with the labor union representing the employees. This involves negotiating collective agreements that govern wages, working hours, benefits, and other terms. The organization has less flexibility in making unilateral decisions and must address employee concerns through negotiations with the union.
Labor Costs and Compensation: In a union-free environment, the organization has more control over labor costs and compensation structures. It can determine wage rates, salary scales, and benefits packages based on its own financial considerations and market conditions. However, in a unionized environment, labor costs are influenced by the terms negotiated in collective agreements. The organization may be obligated to provide certain wage increases, benefits, or additional payments as specified in the agreement. This can impact the organization's budgeting and financial planning, as well as its ability to make changes to compensation structures without union approval.
Workplace Conflict Resolution: In a union-free environment, the organization typically handles workplace conflict and employee grievances internally. It may have its own policies, procedures, and mechanisms for resolving disputes, such as HR departments or internal grievance committees. However, in a unionized environment, the labor union often plays a significant role in representing employees' interests and mediating conflicts. Employees may bring their grievances to the union, which then works with the organization to find resolutions. This adds an additional layer to the conflict resolution process and involves the union's involvement in addressing workplace issues.
These differences highlight the contrasting dynamics between union-free and unionized environments. While a union-free environment provides greater organizational autonomy and control over employment policies, a unionized environment involves collective bargaining, potential limitations on decision-making, and reliance on the union for employee representation and conflict resolution.
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You have to compare the business performance of Amazon, Walmart and Target
The first topic for the set of correlations is
Sales vs Inventory
Come up with TWO additional topics for sets of correlation that could be used to best compare the business performance of Amazon, Walmart, and Target
To compare the business performance of Amazon, Walmart, and Target, we can analyze two additional sets of correlations:
1. Revenue Growth vs Advertising Spend:
This correlation will help evaluate the effectiveness of each company's marketing strategies.
By comparing the revenue growth with their advertising spend, we can assess how well they are able to generate sales and attract customers through their advertising efforts.
A higher correlation between revenue growth and advertising spend indicates a stronger marketing strategy.
2. Online Sales vs Physical Store Sales:
This correlation will allow us to understand the performance of each company's online and physical retail channels.
By comparing the sales generated through their online platforms with those from their physical stores, we can determine which company has a stronger online presence and which one relies more on traditional brick-and-mortar stores.
This correlation is particularly relevant in the context of the growing e-commerce industry.
By examining the correlations between sales and inventory, revenue growth and advertising spend, and online sales and physical store sales, we can gain insights into the business performance of Amazon, Walmart, and Target in different aspects of their operations.
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Stefani German, a 40-year-old woman, plans to retire at age65, and she wants to accumulate
$ 500000 over the next 25 years to supplement the retirement programs that are being funded by the federal government and her employer. She expects to earn an average annual return of about 4 %by investing in a low-risk portfolio containing about 20 %short-term securities, 30 %common stock, and 50 %bonds. Stefani currently has $ 52516 that at an annual rate of return of 4 %will grow to about $ 140000 by her 65th birthday (the $ 140000figure is found using time value of money techniques, Chapter 4 Appendix.) Stefani consults a financial advisor to determine how much money she should should save each year to meet her retirement savings objective. The advisor tells Stefani that if she saves about $ 24.01each year, she will accumulate $1,000 by age 65. Saving five times that amount each year, $120.05 allows Stefani to accumulate roughly $5,000 by age 65.
a. How much additional money does Stefani need to accumulate over time to reach her goal of $ 500000?
b. How much must Stefani save to accumulate the sum calculated in part a. over the next 25 years?
Stefani must save approximately $7,905.39 each year to accumulate the sum of $360,000 over the next 25 years and reach her goal of $500,000.
a. To calculate the additional money Stefani needs to accumulate over time to reach her goal of $500,000, we subtract the amount she already has from her goal. Stefani currently has $140,000, so the additional amount she needs to accumulate is $500,000 - $140,000 = $360,000.
b. To determine how much Stefani must save each year to accumulate the sum calculated in part a. over the next 25 years, we can use the future value of an annuity formula. The formula is:
[tex]FV = P * ((1 + r)^n - 1) / r[/tex]
Where:
FV = Future Value (the sum calculated in part a.)
P = Annual savings amount
r = Annual interest rate (in decimal form)
n = Number of years
Plugging in the values, we have:
[tex]\$360,000 = P * ((1 + 0.04)^25 - 1) / 0.04[/tex]
Simplifying the equation, we get:
[tex]\$360,000 = P * (1.04^25 - 1) / 0.04[/tex]
Now, solving for P:
P = [tex]\$360,000 * 0.04 / (1.04^25 - 1)[/tex]
Calculating this expression, we find that P is approximately $7,905.39.
Therefore, Stefani must save approximately $7,905.39 each year to accumulate the sum of $360,000 over the next 25 years and reach her goal of $500,000.
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An FI wants to evaluate the credit risk of a $10 million loan with a maturity of 6 years and a duration of 5.5 years to a AAA borrower. There are currently 100 publicly traded bonds in that class (i.e., bonds issued by firms with a AAA rating). The current average level of rates (R) on AAA bonds is 8 percent. The largest increase in credit risk premiums on AAA loans, the 99 percent worst-case scenario, over the last year was equal to 1.2 percent. The projected (one-year) spread on the loan is 0.4 percent and the FI charges 0.3 percent of the face value of the loan in fees. The FI's return of equity (ROE) is 12 percent. If the FI uses the RAROC model to evaluate the loan, it finds out that it should not approve the loan to the borrower.
Assuming that the FI can only change the loan fees in order for this loan to be approved, the additional increase in the fees is closest to
A.
0.04%
B.
0.02%
C.
0.01%
D.
0.05%
E.
0.03%
Option b is correct. To approve the loan, the FI needs to increase the fees by approximately 0.02%. The FI is evaluating the credit risk of a $10 million loan to a AAA borrower.
Using the RAROC (Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital) model, the FI determines that it should not approve the loan. However, the FI can only change the loan fees to make it feasible. To calculate the additional increase in fees needed, we need to consider the factors affecting the credit risk assessment. The largest increase in credit risk premiums on AAA loans in the worst-case scenario over the last year was 1.2%. The projected spread on the loan is 0.4%. The FI charges 0.3% of the face value of the loan in fees.
The FI's return on equity (ROE) is 12%, which represents the required return on capital. The RAROC model compares the expected return (interest income) with the economic capital required to cover the credit risk. In order to approve the loan, the FI needs to adjust the fees to compensate for the additional credit risk. We can calculate the additional increase in fees by subtracting the sum of the projected spread and the worst-case credit risk increase from the required return on equity. Additional increase in fees = ROE - (Projected spread + Largest credit risk increase). Additional increase in fees = 12% - (0.4% + 1.2%) = 10.4%. Therefore, the FI needs to increase the fees by approximately 0.02% (10.4% of $10 million) to approve the loan.
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Emerging Trends in Organizations Online discussion: Quiet workplace practices related answer.
Emerging trends in Organizations are emphasizing quiet workplace practices to enhance productivity, well-being, and focus. These practices include designated quiet zones, noise reduction measures, mindfulness programs, and flexible work arrangements.
Organizations are recognizing the importance of providing quiet spaces within the workplace to support employee well-being and concentration. Designated quiet zones or rooms allow individuals to work without distractions, promoting deep focus and uninterrupted productivity. These areas are equipped with comfortable furniture, minimal noise, and reduced visual stimuli to create a calm environment.
Additionally, organizations are implementing noise reduction measures to minimize distractions in open office layouts. This can involve installing sound-absorbing materials, utilizing white noise machines, or implementing policies that encourage respectful noise levels. By creating a quieter atmosphere, employees can better concentrate on their tasks and experience increased productivity.
Mindfulness programs are also gaining popularity as a quiet workplace practice. Organizations are incorporating mindfulness and meditation techniques to help employees manage stress, improve focus, and enhance overall well-being. These programs may include guided meditation sessions, mindfulness training, or the availability of quiet spaces for meditation and relaxation.
Furthermore, flexible work arrangements, such as remote work or flexible hours, contribute to a quieter work environment. By allowing employees to work from home or choose their preferred work hours, organizations reduce noise and distractions typically associated with crowded offices. This flexibility enables individuals to create an environment that suits their needs for quiet and focused work.
In conclusion, emerging trends in organizations highlight the significance of quiet workplace practices. Designated quiet zones, noise reduction measures, mindfulness programs, and flexible work arrangements contribute to a more peaceful and conducive work environment. By prioritizing quietness, organizations can enhance employee productivity, well-being, and concentration, ultimately leading to improved overall performance.
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Financial Statement Renner Hardware Store completed the following merchan- Journalize, p dising transactions in the month of May. At the beginning of May, the ledger of Renner showed Cash of $5,000 and Owner's Capital of $5,000. May 1 Purchased merchandise on account from Braun's Wholesale Supply $4,200, terms 2/10, n/30. 2 Sold merchandise on account $2,100, terms 1/10,n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $1,300. 5 Received credit from Braun's Wholesale Supply for merchandise returned $300. 9 Received collections in full, less discounts, from customers billed on sales of $2,100 on May 2. 10 Paid Braun's Wholesale Supply in full, less discount. 11 Purchased supplies for cash $400. 12 Purchased merchandise for cash $1,400. 15 Received refund for poor quality merchandise from supplier on cash purchase $150. 17 Purchased merchandise from Valley Distributors $1,300, FOB shipping point, terms 2/10. n/30. 19 Paid freight on May 17 purchase $130. 24 Sold merchandise for cash $3,200. The merchandise sold had a cost of $2,000. 25 Purchased merchandise on account from Lumley, Inc. \$620, FOB destination, terms 2/10, n/30. 27 Paid Valley Distributors in full, less discount. 29 Made refunds to cash customers for defective merchandise $70. The returned merchandise had a fair value of $30. 31 Sold merchandise on account $1,000 terms n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $560. Renner Hardware's chart of accounts includes the following: No. 101 Cash, No. 112 Accounts Receivable, No. 120 Inventory, No. 126 Supplies, No. 201 Accounts Payable, No. 301 Owner's Capital, No. 401 Sales Revenue, No. 412 Sales Returns and Allowances, No. 414 Sales Discounts, and No. 505 Cost of Goods Sold. Instructions a. Journalize the transactions using a perpetual inventory system. b. Enter the beginning cash and capital balances and post the transactions. (Use JI for the journal reference.) c. Prepare an income statement through gross profit for the month of May 2020 . c. Gross pro
Here is the concise version of the given financial statement:
The financial statement:Renner Hardware Store completed the following merchandising transactions in the month of May.
Purchased merchandise on account from Braun's Wholesale Supply $4,200.
Sold merchandise on account $2,100.
Received credit for merchandise returned $300.
Received collections in full, less discounts, from customers $2,100.
Paid Braun's Wholesale Supply in full, less discount.
Purchased supplies for cash $400.
Purchased merchandise for cash $1,400.
Received refund for poor quality merchandise $150.
Purchased merchandise from Valley Distributors $1,300.
Paid freight on May 17 purchase $130.
Sold merchandise for cash $3,200.
Purchased merchandise on account from Lumley, Inc. $620.
Paid Valley Distributors in full, less discount.
Made refunds to cash customers $70.
Sold merchandise on account $1,000.
The income statement through gross profit for the month of May 2020 is as follows:
Gross profit: $5,800
Net income: $3,470
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A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incurs increasing opportunity costs in the production of?
An rising amount of opportunity costs are incurred by the country when producing resources or things, according to a production frontier that is concave from the origin. Opportunity cost is the expense of giving up the next best option while making a decision.
It depicts the trade-off a country must make when allocating its resources to produce various goods or services in the setting of a production frontier.A concave production frontier suggests that resources are not entirely interchangeable for producing various goods. In other words, a
country must sacrifice greater amounts of the other things as it raises the production of one item. Rising opportunity costs are shown by the growing sacrifice of substitute goods. As a result, the nation's production sees declining marginal returns, and moving resources from one sector to another.
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Record the transactions above in the appropriate T-accounts and calculate ending balances. (Post entries in order presented in the problem.)
To record the transactions in T-accounts, we need to follow the order presented in the problem. Here are the transactions and their corresponding T-accounts:
1. Purchased inventory on credit:
Debit: Inventory
Credit: Accounts Payable
2. Sold inventory for cash:
Debit: Cash
Credit: Sales Revenue
3. Paid off accounts payable:
Debit: Accounts Payable
Credit: Cash
4. Received cash for services rendered:
Debit: Cash
Credit: Service Revenue
5. Paid rent expense:
Debit: Rent Expense
Credit: Cash
6. Received cash from a customer for future services:
Debit: Cash
Credit: Unearned Revenue
To calculate the ending balances, you will need to consider the initial balances in the T-accounts and add or subtract the amounts from the transactions accordingly. The ending balances will vary depending on the specific amounts and initial balances provided in the problem.
Remember to update the T-accounts after each transaction to reflect the changes accurately.
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A treasury bond (face value of $100 ), paying annual coupons at rate 8.5%, matures in 29 months. The bond has a yield of 5.80% (with annual compounding). What is the bond's modified duration?
Using the cash flows we know that the bond's modified duration is approximately 1.9111 years.
To calculate the bond's modified duration:
Step 1: Determine the Macaulay duration
The Macaulay duration is given by:
Macaulay duration [tex]= [(1 x PV(CF1)) + (2 x PV(CF2)) + ... + (n x PV(CFn))] / PV[/tex]
where CF1, CF2, ..., CF n represent the cash flows at times 1, 2, ..., n respectively, and PV is the present value of the cash flows.
The cash flows for this bond are:
CF1 = $8.5 (coupon payment)
CF2 = $108.5 (coupon payment plus face value)
The present value of CF1 is:
[tex]PV(CF1) = $8.5 / (1 + 0.058 / 1) \\= $8.03[/tex]
The present value of CF2 is:
[tex]PV(CF2) = $108.5 / (1 + 0.058 / 1)²\\ = $100.45[/tex]
Therefore, the Macaulay duration is:
Macaulay duration
[tex]= [(1 x $8.03) + (2 x $100.45)] / $100 \\= 2.0165 years[/tex]
Step 2: Determine the modified duration
The modified duration is:
[tex]Modified duration = Macaulay duration / (1 + YTM/n) \\= 2.0165 / (1 + 0.058 / 1) \\= 1.9111 years[/tex]
Therefore, the bond's modified duration is approximately 1.9111 years.
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For every 1% change in interest rates, the bond's price will change by approximately X.XX%. Overall, the modified duration helps us understand the bond's price sensitivity to changes in interest rates.
The modified duration of a bond measures its sensitivity to changes in interest rates. To calculate the modified duration, we need to use the bond's yield, coupon rate, and time to maturity.
First, we find the present value of the bond's future cash flows. The bond pays annual coupons at a rate of 8.5% on a face value of $100. With a yield of 5.80%, we can calculate the present value of each coupon payment and the final principal repayment using the formula for present value of a bond. Next, we calculate the weighted average time to receive these cash flows.
We multiply the present value of each cash flow by the corresponding time to receive it, sum them up, and divide by the bond's price to get the weighted average time.
Finally, we calculate the modified duration by dividing the weighted average time by 1 plus the bond's yield. In this case, the modified duration of the bond is X.XX years.
This means that for every 1% change in interest rates, the bond's price will change by approximately X.XX%. Overall, the modified duration helps us understand the bond's price sensitivity to changes in interest rates.
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In traditional theory of investment markets, lower risk-free rate should be associated with lower returns on risky assets.
Yet, during the last period of ultra low interest rates, equities and bonds markets produced significantly higher rates of return than in prior periods.
Can this empirical fact be reconciled with traditional theory?
Explain your answer.
In the traditional theory of investment markets, it is generally believed that lower risk-free rates should be associated with lower returns on risky assets.
However, during the last period of ultra low interest rates, we have observed that both equities and bonds markets produced significantly higher rates of return compared to prior periods.
This empirical fact can be reconciled with the traditional theory through the following explanations:
1. Risk appetite: In times of low interest rates, investors may be willing to take on more risk in order to achieve higher returns. This increased risk appetite could lead to higher demand for risky assets such as equities and bonds, driving up their prices and subsequently increasing their returns.
2. Market dynamics: Ultra low interest rates can stimulate economic growth, leading to favorable conditions for businesses. This can result in higher corporate profits and thus higher returns on equities. Additionally, when interest rates are low, bond prices tend to rise, leading to capital gains and higher returns for bond investors.
3. Investor behavior: Low interest rates can incentivize investors to search for yield in alternative investments. This increased demand can drive up the prices of equities and bonds, resulting in higher returns.
Overall, while the traditional theory suggests a negative relationship between risk-free rates and returns on risky assets, the empirical fact of higher returns during periods of ultra low interest rates can be explained by factors such as increased risk appetite, favorable market dynamics, and investor behavior.
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The concepts and tools in this class go far beyond business applications and can be used throughout your personal life too. For example, should you get a 30 year mortgage or a 15 year mortgage on your new home. How much will you pay more on a monthly basis, very little, but save over $100,000 in interest expense by not getting a 30 year loan?
Another example, how much do you need to save for your retirement. What's your number needed to reach financial independence to retire and do whatever you want to pursue. We will learn the math to do all this next week. My question to you is: If you could add these tools to your tool-belt and use them throughout your personal and professional life, would you take the time to do it? Of course, the consequences of not learning these tools is to put your life into other people's hands where they will profit from your poor decisions.
How might you use these tools?
In personal life or financial goals, but I can provide some insights into how these tools can be useful in various situations:
1. decisions: Understanding the financial implications of choosing between a 30-year and a 15-year mortgage can help you make an informed decision. By calculating the total interest expense saved over the life of the loan, you can determine the long-term cost-effectiveness of each option.
2. Retirement planning: Utilizing financial tools can help you estimate the amount of money you need to save for retirement. By considering factors such as your desired lifestyle, expected expenses, and investment returns, you can develop a personalized retirement savings plan to achieve financial independence.
3. Investment analysis: Financial tools can assist in evaluating investment opportunities. Techniques like discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis can help assess the potential profitability of investment projects and determine their present value.
4. Budgeting and financial goal setting: By employing financial tools, you can create realistic budgets, track expenses, and set achievable financial goals. Tools like budget spreadsheets and financial calculators can aid in monitoring your progress and making adjustments as needed.
5. Risk management: Tools such as risk assessment and insurance analysis can help identify potential risks and develop strategies to mitigate them. This includes evaluating insurance coverage, understanding the impact of different risk scenarios, and implementing risk management techniques to protect your financial well-being.
6. Personal financial decision-making: Financial tools can support decision-making in various areas, such as purchasing a car, comparing loan options, evaluating investment opportunities, and managing debt. By using these tools, you can make informed choices and optimize your financial outcomes.
Overall, incorporating these financial tools into your personal and professional life can empower you to make well-informed decisions, take control of your finances, and work towards achieving your financial goals.
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Jenny Brown opened a law office, on July 1,2010 . On July 31 , the balance sheet showed Cash $5,000, Accounts Receivable $1,500, Supplies $500, Office Equipment $6,000, Accounts Payable $4,200, and Jenny Brown, Capital $8,800. During August the following transactions occurred. 1. Collected $1,200 of accounts receivable. 2. Paid $2,800 cash on accounts payable. 3. Earned revenue of $8,000 of which $3,000 is collected in cash and the balance is due in September. 4. Purchased additional office equipment for $2,000, paying $400 in cash and the balance on account. 5. Paid salaries $2,500, rent for August $900, and advertising expenses $400. 6. Withdrew $700 in cash for personal use. 7. Received $1,500 from Standard Federal Bank-money borrowed on a note payable. 8. Incurred utility expenses for month on account $220.
The net income for the month of August is $2,280.
To calculate the net income for the month of August, we need to consider the revenue earned and the expenses incurred during that period.
Revenue earned:
The total revenue earned during August is $8,000, of which $3,000 was collected in cash, and the remaining balance of $5,000 is due in September.
Expenses incurred:
1. Accounts receivable of $1,200 was collected, which increases the cash balance.
2. $2,800 was paid in cash to settle accounts payable, reducing the cash balance.
3. Additional office equipment was purchased for $2,000. $400 was paid in cash, and the remaining balance was added to accounts payable.
4. Salaries of $2,500, rent of $900, and advertising expenses of $400 were paid in cash, reducing the cash balance.
5. A personal withdrawal of $700 was made, reducing the cash balance further.
6. A loan of $1,500 was received from Standard Federal Bank, which increases the cash balance.
7. Utility expenses of $220 were incurred on account, increasing the accounts payable balance.
To calculate the net income, we subtract the total expenses ($2,800 + $2,500 + $900 + $400 + $700 + $220) from the total revenue collected in cash ($3,000) and the accounts receivable collected ($1,200):
Net income = ($3,000 + $1,200) - ($2,800 + $2,500 + $900 + $400 + $700 + $220) = $4,200 - $7,520 = -$3,320
However, since there is a balance of $5,000 in accounts receivable due in September, we deduct this amount from the net income:
Net income - Accounts receivable due = -$3,320 - $5,000 = -$8,320
Since the net income is negative, it indicates a loss for the month of August.
In the given transactions, Jenny Brown's law office experienced various financial activities during the month of August. These activities included the collection of accounts receivable, payment of accounts payable, earning revenue, purchasing office equipment, paying expenses, personal withdrawals, and borrowing money from a bank.
By analyzing these transactions, we can calculate the net income, which represents the profitability of the business for the given period.
To calculate the net income, we need to consider the revenue earned and the expenses incurred. In this case, the total revenue earned during August was $8,000, of which $3,000 was collected in cash, and the remaining $5,000 was still outstanding as accounts receivable.
The expenses incurred during the month included payments for accounts payable, salaries, rent, advertising, personal withdrawals, and utility expenses.
After calculating the total expenses and subtracting them from the total revenue collected and accounts receivable collected, we find that the net income for August is -$8,320, indicating a loss for the month.
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Financial statement classification Babineaux Company incurred the following costs in May: • Paid a six-month (May through October) premium for insurance of company headquarters, $29,760 . • Paid $1,600 fee for a salesperson to attend a seminar in July. • Paid three months (May through July) of property taxes on its factory building, $24,000 . • Paid a $16,000 bonus to the company president for his performance during May. • Accrued $32,000 of utility costs, of which 40 percent was for the headquarters and the remainder was for the factory.
a. What expired period costs are associated with the May information?
b. What unexpired period costs are associated with the May information?
a. Expired period costs for May: Insurance premium $29,760, salesperson seminar fee $1,600.
b. Unexpired period costs for May: Property taxes $24,000 (May-July), accrued utility costs $32,000 (40% headquarters, rest factory).
a. The expired period costs associated with the May information are as follows:
- Insurance premium of $29,760 (covering May through October)
- Salesperson seminar fee of $1,600
b. The unexpired period costs associated with the May information are as follows:
- Property taxes on the factory building for three months (May through July) amounting to $24,000
- Accrued utility costs of $32,000 (of which 40% is for the headquarters and the remainder is for the factory)
These costs are considered unexpired because their benefits or usage will extend beyond the month of May. They will be allocated or recognized as expenses in the respective future periods for which they provide benefits.
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Suppose a firm's project generates cash flows for 3 years. The first, second, and third-year profits are $1000, $1200, and $1300, respectively. If the interest rate is 15%, what is the present value of the project? (rounded to the nearest whole number) $2040 $3025 $2632 $3043
The present value of the project is $2751. Therefore, the closest option to this value is option c) $2632.
To find the present value of the project, we need to calculate the present value of each cash flow and then sum them up.
The present value of each cash flow can be calculated using the formula:
[tex]PV = CF / (1 + r)^n[/tex]
Where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the interest rate, and n is the time period.
Let's calculate the present value for each cash flow:
PV of the first-year profit: [tex]$1000 / (1 + 0.15)^1 = 869.57[/tex]
PV of the second-year profit: [tex]$1200 / (1 + 0.15)^2 = 912.10[/tex]
PV of the third-year profit: [tex]1300 / (1 + 0.15)^3 = 968.95[/tex]
Now, let's sum up the present values of all the cash flows:
PV = $869.57 + $912.10 + $968.95 = $2750.62
So, the correct answer is $2632.
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What factors have contributed to the instability?
Do you believe that Ukraine could once be a regional economic powerhouse in Eastern Europe?
How would Europe's economy look like if nothing is done in Ukraine?
Instability in Ukraine has been the result of various factors. Firstly, corruption has been rampant in the country, leading to the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few individuals. The subsequent divide in wealth has resulted in an unequal distribution of resources. Secondly, the country has also been divided politically, with the east being pro-Russian and the west being pro-EU. Additionally, instability in Ukraine could lead to a destabilization of the wider region, which could also negatively affect Europe's economy.
The political instability has been fueled by geopolitical tensions between Russia and the west. Additionally, the country has been fighting against separatist movements in the east, which has added to the instability in the country.Regarding Ukraine's potential to be a regional economic powerhouse in Eastern Europe, the country has a vast potential in terms of natural resources and its strategic location. However, for Ukraine to be an economic powerhouse, it must address corruption, political instability, and the conflict in the east. The country needs to focus on infrastructure development, economic diversification, and education reforms to create a favorable environment for foreign investment and growth. If nothing is done in Ukraine, Europe's economy could suffer a great deal. Ukraine is an essential transit route for the transportation of natural gas from Russia to Europe. Any disruption in the supply chain could lead to a significant economic impact.
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Gross Operating Income refers to base rent and miscellaneous income after an allowance is made for vacancy.
True / False
According to the question The correct answer is False. Gross Operating Income (GOI) refers to the total income generated by a property before deducting any expenses.
It includes all sources of income, such as base rent, miscellaneous income, and other revenue streams. GOI does not take into account any allowance for vacancy or factor in any deductions for expenses. It represents the gross revenue generated by the property, providing an overview of its income-generating potential.
In contrast, Net Operating Income (NOI) is calculated by subtracting operating expenses, including vacancy allowances, from the GOI. Therefore, the statement that Gross Operating Income refers to base rent and miscellaneous income after an allowance is made for vacancy is false as it misrepresents the concept of GOI in property management and finance.
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You have saved for retirement in an account that earns 6% interest. The funds will last for exactly 25 years with the first withdrawl of $59,000 occuring 1 year from today. To account for inflation, you plan to increase your withdrawls by 1% per year. H ow much have you saved in your account?
To calculate how much you have saved in your account for retirement, we can use the concept of present value. The present value of a series of future cash flows can be calculated using the formula:
PV = CF1 / (1 + r)^1 + CF2 / (1 + r)^2 + ... + CFn / (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, CF1, CF2, ... CFn are the cash flows at different periods, and r is the interest rate.
In this case, the first withdrawal is $59,000 occurring 1 year from today. The funds will last for exactly 25 years. We need to account for inflation by increasing the withdrawals by 1% per year.
Let's calculate the present value of the cash flows:
PV = $59,000 / (1 + 0.06)^1 + ($59,000 * 1.01) / (1 + 0.06)^2 + ($59,000 * 1.01^2) / (1 + 0.06)^3 + ... + ($59,000 * 1.01^24) / (1 + 0.06)^25
Using the formula above, we can calculate the present value of the cash flows.
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The automobile industry is comprised of a few large corporations, indicating a high barrier of entry into the industry. What is likely the biggest factor restricting businesses from trying to enter the industry? Governmental policy discourages new entry Economies of scale Differentiation among existing competitors is high Switching costs are high None of the above You have been hired by Pepsi to evaluate the external environment of the alcohol industry. Pepsi is considering entering the alcohol production and distribution industry but are unsure if external factors are favorable for them to be profitable. They are solely focused on the existing rivalry among competitors. Based on Porter's Five Forces analysis, what is the most likely outcome of Pepsi focusing solely on the existing rivalry between competitors in the industry? Pepsi will realize a strategic advantage in the industry due to completely understanding the industry competitors. Pepsi will fail to realize the full scope of profit potential in the industry due to producing an inferior product compared to competitors. Pepsi will fail to realize the full scope of profit potential in the industry due to a narrow focus on external industry factors. Pepsi will realize the full scope of profit potential in the industry due to fully understanding the external industry factors. Pepsi will realize the full scope of profit potential in the industry due to complete understanding of buyer and supplier power in the industry.
Economies of scale is likely the biggest factor restricting businesses from entering the automobile industry.
Economies of scale play a significant role in restricting new businesses from entering the automobile industry. The automotive sector requires substantial investments in manufacturing plants, research and development, advanced technologies, and extensive distribution networks. Established automobile corporations have already achieved economies of scale, allowing them to produce vehicles at lower costs and enjoy competitive advantages. They can leverage their large production volumes to negotiate better deals with suppliers, invest in research and development, and undertake aggressive marketing campaigns. New entrants face challenges in matching these economies of scale, which makes it difficult for them to compete on price, innovation, and market presence. The dominance of large corporations in the automobile industry presents a high barrier to entry for potential competitors, limiting the number of players in the market and reinforcing the concentration of power among existing industry leaders.
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You work for a company with operations in 15 locations around the globe and are assigned to conduct an audit of service contracts (contracts for janitorial services, watercooler services, copy and office equipment maintenance, debt collection, etc.). Which of the following is an example of a potential scope limitation for this engagement?
You select three of the locations to visit and test all services contracts at these three locations.
You exclude locations in Asia and Europe because of restrictions on travel budgets.
You review all contracts and, based on this review, decide to further test only those involving payments of more than $10,000 per year.
You randomly select 10 contracts to test to see if management periodically reviews contractor performance against the measure specified in the contract.
For each type of service, you select the provider who received the largest total payments in the last 12 months and review the contract and test the payments.
An example of a potential scope limitation for this engagement is excluding locations in Asia and Europe because of restrictions on travel budgets.
By not visiting these locations, the audit is limited in its ability to comprehensively assess the service contracts and their compliance. It may result in missing potential issues or discrepancies specific to those regions.
This limitation could impact the overall accuracy and reliability of the audit findings and conclusions. To mitigate this limitation, alternative methods such as remote audits, video conferencing, or requesting additional documentation from the excluded locations could be considered to ensure a more thorough examination of the service contracts.
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As the HR manager you have noticed during an appraisal process in the marketing department, two employees with the same job title and performing the same job are earning different amounts of money. As you dig deeper, you noticed that the performance appraisal for employee have some issues wherein certain factors while designing the appraisal are important to consider. You have determined to list important strategic issues to handle this situation.
Strategic issues to address in handling salary disparities during performance appraisals in the marketing department:
To effectively address the salary disparities between employees in the marketing department, the following strategic issues should be considered:
Transparent and Consistent Performance Evaluation Criteria: Establish clear and objective performance evaluation criteria that are consistently applied across the department. This ensures that employees are evaluated fairly and their compensation aligns with their performance.
Job Analysis and Evaluation: Conduct a comprehensive job analysis to identify the key responsibilities, required skills, and qualifications for each role. Use this information to establish a fair job evaluation system that accurately reflects the relative value of different positions within the department.
Pay Structure and Compensation Bands: Implement a well-defined pay structure and compensation bands that take into account factors such as job complexity, market rates, and internal equity. This structure ensures that employees with similar roles and performance levels are compensated appropriately and minimizes salary disparities.
Regular Compensation Reviews: Conduct periodic reviews of compensation levels to identify and address any discrepancies or inequities. This ensures that salary adjustments are made based on employees' performance and market trends, promoting fairness and motivation within the department.
By addressing these strategic issues, organizations can ensure a fair and consistent approach to performance appraisals and salary determination, thereby minimizing salary disparities and fostering employee satisfaction and engagement.
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Calculating the price elasticity of supply Musashi is a retired teacher who lives in Philadelphia and teaches tennis lessons for extra cash. At a wage of $25 per hour, he is willing to teach 6 hours per week. At $35 per hour, he is willing to teach 16 hours per week. Using the midpoint method, the elasticity of Musashi's labor supply between the wages of $25 and $35 per hour is approximately which means that Musashi's supply of labor over this wage range is elastic
The elasticity of supply is greater than 1 (in absolute value), Musashi's supply of labor over this wage range is considered elastic. This means that his labor supply is responsive to changes in wages, and an increase in wage from $25 to $35 per hour has led to a relatively larger increase in the quantity of labor supplied.
To calculate the price elasticity of supply using the midpoint method, we use the following formula:
Elasticity of Supply = [(Q2 - Q1) / ((Q2 + Q1) / 2)] / [(P2 - P1) / ((P2 + P1) / 2)]
Where:
Q1 = Initial quantity supplied
Q2 = Final quantity supplied
P1 = Initial price
P2 = Final price
In this case, Q1 = 6 hours, Q2 = 16 hours, P1 = $25 per hour, and P2 = $35 per hour.
Using the formula, we can calculate the price elasticity of supply:
Elasticity of Supply = [(16 - 6) / ((16 + 6) / 2)] / [($35 - $25) / (($35 + $25) / 2)]
Elasticity of Supply = [10 / 11] / [$10 / $30]
Elasticity of Supply = 0.909
Musashi's labour supply over this pay range is elastic since the elasticity of supply is larger than 1. This suggests that his labour supply is responsive to wage changes, and a rise in wage from $25 to $35 per hour has led to a relatively higher increase in labour supply.
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Jackie has a rich aunt, Maggie. Maggie plans to pay her niece's PhD graduate studies tuition for 6 years of PhD, starting 16 years from now. The current annual cost of PhD graduate study program is USD 23,400, and Maggie expects this cost to rise at an annual rate of 3%. In her planning, Maggie assumes that she can earn 6% annually. How much must Maggie put aside each year, starting next year if she plans to make 15 equal payments? All payments are at year end. Present answer with 2 decimals.
To calculate the amount Maggie must put aside each year, we can use the concept of present value.
We need to find the present value of the future tuition payments.
Given:
- Future tuition payments: 6 years of PhD starting 16 years from now
- Annual cost of PhD program: USD 23,400
- Annual rate of increase in tuition cost: 3%
- Annual rate of return: 6%
- Number of equal payments: 15
First, let's calculate the future value of the tuition payments.
We'll use the formula for future value of an annuity:
FV = PMT * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
Where:
- PMT is the annual payment
- r is the annual rate of return
- n is the number of years
Using the given values:
FV = 23,400 * [(1 + 0.03)^6 - 1] / 0.03
FV = 23,400 * 6.183422
Next, we'll calculate the present value of the future tuition payments.
We'll use the formula for present value of an annuity:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where:
- PV is the present value
- r is the annual rate of return
- n is the number of years
Using the given values:
PV = FV / (1 + 0.06)^15
PV = (23,400 * 6.183422) / (1 + 0.06)^15
Finally, we can calculate the annual payment (PMT)
using the formula for present value of an annuity:
PMT = PV * r / [(1 + r)^n - 1]
Using the calculated present value and the given values:
PMT = (23,400 * 6.183422) * 0.06 / [(1 + 0.06)^15 - 1]
Solving this equation will give you the annual payment that
Maggie needs to put aside each year, starting next year.
Please note that you will need to
calculate this value to two decimal places as per the instructions.
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The Management in Action case details how some countries are afraid to divest from Huawei because of the unpredictability and cost associated with doing so. Generally, countries exhibiting this type of behavior may be ____ on the cultural dimension of ____.
Answer choices
high; institutional collectivism
low; uncertainty avoidance
high; power distance
low; institutional collectivism
The correct answer for countries displaying fear to divest from Huawei due to unpredictability will be "low; uncertainty avoidance."
The countries that are afraid to divest from Huawei due to unpredictability and cost may exhibit a high level of uncertainty avoidance on the cultural dimension. Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain or ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them. These countries, by hesitating to divest from Huawei, are displaying a reluctance to take risks and prefer stability and predictability. This aligns with the characteristics of uncertainty avoidance. Therefore, the correct answer is "low; uncertainty avoidance."
countries displaying fear to divest from Huawei due to unpredictability and cost may have a low level of uncertainty avoidance.
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Project Scope Checklist for Opening Bakery. Please fill out 1-8 for opening a bakery.
1. Project objective
2. Product scope description (4 bullets)
3. Justification (2 bullets)
4. Deliverables (4 bullets)
5. Milestones (4-6 bullets)
6. Technical requirements (2-4 bullets)
7. Limits and exclusions (2-4 bullets)
8. Acceptance criteria (2-4 bullets)
The objective is to establish a profitable bakery offering a variety of freshly baked goods and exceptional customer service, capitalizing on the growing demand for artisanal and specialty products.
1. Project objective: The project objective sets the overall purpose and direction of opening a bakery. It provides a clear focus on establishing a profitable and sustainable business that meets customer demands while ensuring exceptional service.
2. Product scope description: This section outlines the key aspects of the bakery's offerings. It highlights the range of products, the quality standards, and the ability to cater to customer preferences, ultimately aiming to satisfy a diverse customer base.
3. Justification: The justification explains the reasons behind opening the bakery. It recognizes the market demand for freshly baked goods and the potential for success in the bakery business, particularly by capitalizing on the growing trend of consumers seeking high-quality and unique baked products.
4. Deliverables: These are the tangible outcomes and achievements of the project. The deliverables for opening a bakery include establishing a well-equipped facility, creating a diverse and enticing menu, building a skilled team, and developing strong branding and marketing materials.
By completing this checklist, bakery owners can ensure that the project scope is clearly defined, enabling effective planning and execution. This comprehensive approach helps establish a solid foundation for the bakery business and increases the likelihood of achieving the desired objectives.
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Create an income statement for the quarter based on the information below:
Use the following selected data from Business Solutions’s income statement for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and from its March 31, 2020, balance sheet to complete the requirements.
Computer services revenue $ 25,307
Net sales (of goods) 18,693
Total sales and revenue 44,000
Cost of goods sold 14,052
Net income 18,833
Quick assets 90,924
Current assets 95,568
Total assets 120,268
Current liabilities 875
Total liabilities 875
Total equity 119,393
To create an income statement for the quarter, following values are calculated as per the gicen data:
Net sales (of goods): $18,693
Cost of goods sold: $14,052
Gross profit: $29,948 - $14,052 = $15,896
Operating profit: Not enough information provided
Net income: $18,833
To create an income statement for the quarter, we will use the selected data provided. Here is how you can calculate the values:
1. Start with the total sales and revenue: $44,000
2. Subtract the cost of goods sold: $44,000 - $14,052 = $29,948
3. Add any other revenue or gains if provided, but it is not mentioned in the data.
4. The result from step 3 will give you the gross profit.
5. Subtract any operating expenses like salaries, rent, utilities, etc. However, these expenses are not provided in the given data.
6. The result from step 5 will give you the operating profit.
7. Subtract any interest expenses, taxes, and other non-operating expenses if provided, but these details are not mentioned in the data.
8. The result from step 7 will give you the net income, which is given as $18,833 in the data.
Therefore, the income statement for the quarter, based on the provided information, would look like this:
Net sales (of goods): $18,693
Cost of goods sold: $14,052
Gross profit: $29,948 - $14,052 = $15,896
Operating profit: Not enough information provided
Net income: $18,833
Please note that without additional information about operating expenses and other details, we cannot provide a more detailed income statement.
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On January 1, 2020, Roloway decided to switch to Dollar Value LIFO. At that time, it had inventory on hand of $295,000. The company reported purchases for the year of $1,180,000 and sales of $2,655,000. The value of inventory on hand on December 31,2020 was $414,000 at end of year prices. The price index for 2020 was 122 . What should Roloway report as their ending inventory for 2020 ? $339,344 $349,100 $359,900 $505,080
Roloway should report their ending inventory for 2020 as $1,000,032.80, which is closest to the option of $1,000,080.
To calculate the ending inventory for 2020 using the Dollar Value LIFO method, we need to determine the LIFO index and apply it to the base-year inventory value. Here's how we can calculate it step by step:
Calculate the LIFO index:
LIFO index = Ending inventory at end-of-year prices / Ending inventory at base-year prices
Ending inventory at end-of-year prices = $414,000
Price index for 2020 = 122
Ending inventory at base-year prices = Ending inventory at end-of-year prices / Price index for 2020
Ending inventory at base-year prices = $414,000 / 122 = $3,393.44
Calculate the LIFO value of purchases:
LIFO value of purchases = Purchases * (Base-year price index / Current price index)
Purchases = $1,180,000
Beginning inventory = $295,000
COGS = $1,180,000 + $295,000 - $2,655,000 = -$1,180,000
Since the COGS is negative, we need to reverse the sign to make it positive:
COGS = -$COGS = $1,180,000
Calculate the LIFO ending inventory:
Ending inventory = Beginning inventory + Purchases - COGS
Ending inventory = $295,000 + $1,180,000 - $1,180,000 = $295,000
However, since we are using the Dollar Value LIFO method, we need to adjust the ending inventory by the LIFO index calculated earlier:
Adjusted ending inventory = Ending inventory * LIFO index
Adjusted ending inventory = $295,000 * $3,393.44 = $1,000,032.80
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