Answer:
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the sun’s energy to make sugar (glucose) for food. Plants absorb energy from sunlight, take in carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves, take up water through their roots, and produce glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis takes place on land and in shallow water where sunlight can reach seaweeds.
Chemosynthesis is the process by which food (glucose) is made by bacteria using chemicals as the energy source, rather than sunlight. Chemosynthesis occurs around hydrothermal vents and methane seeps in the deep sea where sunlight is absent. During chemosynthesis, bacteria living on the sea floor or within animals use energy stored in the chemical bonds of hydrogen sulfide and methane to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide (dissolved in sea water). Pure sulfur and sulfur compounds are produced as by-products.
In the diagram mussels and tubeworms are using the hydrogen sulfide released from a hydrothermal vent. The chemical equation given here for chemosynthesis is just one of a number of possibilities.
Explanation:
The image below shows how wolves and dogs compare to some other animals in the levels of classification. (5 points)
Based on the chart, how are insects and dogs related?
A. They belong to the same domain and phylum.
B. They belong to the same domain but different kingdoms.
C. They belong to the same kingdom and phylum.
D. They belong to the same kingdom but different phyla.
Based on the chart, insects and dogs belong to the same domain but different kingdoms.
What is the significance of the domain in the classification hierarchy?The domain is the highest level of classification in the hierarchy, and it groups living organisms based on their cellular organization and basic biochemistry. The three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya) represent three different evolutionary lineages that diverged early in the history of life on Earth. Understanding the domain to which an organism belongs is useful for understanding its basic cellular and biochemical processes, and can provide insights into its evolutionary history.
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Answer:
They belong to the same kingdom but different phyla.
Explanation:
Tbh insects and dogs belong to Animalia (a kingdom), but they also belong in different phyla. While insects belong to the phylum Arthropoda, dogs belong to the phylum chordata.
I got it right on my test (;
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Joseph Stalin's rule of USSR is best described as a totalitarian regime.
What does Totalitarian regime mean?A totalitarian regime is a type of government that seeks complete control over its citizens' lives and seeks to eliminate all opposing political and social organizations. It typically involves a single-party state whose leaders have absolute power and maintain complete control over all aspects of society, including the economy, the media, education, and the military.
Joseph Stalin's rule was a classic example of a totalitarian regime. He maintained complete control over all aspects of Soviet society, with the Communist Party as the sole governing structure. Stalin also imposed extreme censorship and repression of dissent, leading to widespread human rights violations and a culture of fear throughout the Soviet Union.
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the figure below shows results from a series of observations and experiments on tail length in male african widowbirds. black bars represent tail lengths manipulated by researchers (they artificially added long feathers to the tails of the experimental birds). number of active nests is a proxy for estimating the ability of males to attract mates. consider both graphs when evaluating the statement as true or false.
The statement that the longer a male African widowbird's tail is, the more likely the male is to survive is true.
The correct option is true.
What do the data on the tail length in male African widowbird and the number of active nests indicate?The data on the tail length in male African widowbird and the number of active nests indicates that the number of active nests increases with an increase in tail length.
This implies that the male species has a more likelihood to reproduce and survive
Therefore, due to natural selection, the tail length in male African widowbird determines the likelihood of the bird surviving as they are able to find more mates.
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Complete question:
The figure below shows results from a series of observations and experiments on tail length in male African widowbirds. Black bars represent tail lengths manipulated by researchers (they artificially added long feathers to the tails of the experimental birds). Number of active nests is a proxy for estimating the ability of males to attract mates. Consider both figures when evaluating the statement below the figure as true or false.
The longer a male's tail is, the more likely the male is to survive.
READING TOOL Main Idea and Details As you read through this lesson, write the main ideas
and supporting details in the chart below.
Answer: I will do it but i need a link for it bc i dont see a chart below
Explanation:
Hydrogen gas caught fire quickly in the Hindenberg accident. In comparison, neon gas and helium gas are nonreactive. This is why helium is safe for aircraft and neon is safe for electrical signs. Which statement best explains why helium and neon have similar chemical properties?
A. They are both non-metals.
B. They both have few protons.
C. They each have only one valence electron.
D. They have the same number of valence electrons.
The right option that explains why helium and neon have similar chemical properties is D. They have the same number of valence electrons.
Similarities between Helium and NeonHelium and neon are both noble gases, which means that they have a full outer electron shell. Helium has two electrons in its outermost shell, while neon has eight electrons in its outermost shell. However, both elements have full valence shells, making them very stable and unreactive with other elements.
The reason why helium and neon are safe for use in different applications, such as aircraft and electrical signs, is because of their non-reactivity. Helium and neon do not readily combine with other elements or compounds to form new substances, which makes them less likely to cause accidents or explosions.
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How many chromosomes do you have in each of your body cells?
Answer:
46
Explanation:
Normally, each cell in the human body has 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total chromosomes). Half come from the mother; the other half come from the father. Two of the chromosomes (the X and the Y chromosome) determine your sex as male or female when you are born.
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The binomials for the length and width (4x - 5) and (3x + 3) respectively.
The length of the short side is 12, option C.
How to find binomials?Factor the area of the rectangle as:
12x² - 8x - 15 = (4x - 5)(3x + 3)
The binomials (4x - 5) and (3x + 3) represent the length and width of the rectangle, but to determine which is which. Since the length is usually greater than the width, we can see that (4x - 5) represents the length and (3x + 3) represents the width.
To find the length of the short side when x = 4, we can substitute 4 for x in the expression for the width:
3x + 3 = 3(4) + 3 = 12
Therefore, the length of the short side when x = 4 is 12.
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imagine that you have two blades of grass. one is from a normal plant, and the other is from a mutant plant that cannot absorb water into its vacuoles. how will the structures of these two blades of grass compare? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices
The grass blade from the mutant plant will appear unpigmented compared to that from the normal plant. So, option (d) is correct.
What is mutant plant ?
The look of a plant's traits, most notably its foliage, flowers, fruit, or stems, can change as a result of mutations in plants, a phenomenon that happens naturally. For instance, a flower might display two colors that are precisely half and half. Frequently, the mutant plants recover their normal state the following season.
What is unpigmented ?
Pigments are a group of chemical substances used to give other materials their color. They have a strong hue. These chromogens are also known as biological pigments or biochromes, which primarily refers to the actual pigments.
Vacuole help in the storage and disposal of various substances. They can store food or other nutrients required by a cell.
Lytic vacuoles function as reservoirs for ions and metabolites like pigments, acids, and toxic substances.
As the grass blade are made up of cells and in mutant plant there is no vacuole so storage of pigment will be not there.
Therefore, The grass blade from the mutant plant will appear unpigmented compared to that from the normal plant. So, option (d) is correct.
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For each of the pedigrees below (same as in 5a) what is the most likely inheritance pattern (Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, X-linked Dominant or X-Linked Recessive) and why? What genotype for the listed individuals? Please use the letter R to represent the alleles and X-Linked should be in the
XR or X r format
Food is propelled forward by rhythmic contractions called which move food down the esophagus and through the stomach The secretions called are produced in the glands located behind the tongue and contain the enzyme amylase to chemically digest carbohydrate During teeth mechanically cut and grind food into smaller pieces as the tongue mixed them with saliva When fat enters the duodenum, the gallbladder secretes an emulsifier called to break up the large fat globules. Without the flap of tissue at the back of the tongue called the trachea during swallowing Chyme passes through the that connects the ileum with the ascending colon The bolus passes through the into the stomach to mix with gastric digestive juices The bolus slides down this tube, called the which connects the pharynx to the stomach This large gland, located near the stomach, releases digestive enzymes after a meal and also secretes insulin and glucagon to control blood glucose levels. This accessory organ is called the
Food is propelled forward by rhythmic contractions called peristalsis, which move food down the esophagus and through the stomach.
What is esophagus?The secretions called saliva are produced in the glands located behind the tongue and contain the enzyme amylase to chemically digest carbohydrate. During mastication, teeth mechanically cut and grind food into smaller pieces as the tongue mixes them with saliva. When fat enters the duodenum, the gallbladder secretes an emulsifier called bile to break up the large fat globules. Without the flap of tissue at the back of the tongue called the epiglottis during swallowing, food could enter the trachea and cause choking. Chyme passes through the ileocecal valve that connects the ileum with the ascending colon. The bolus passes through the esophagus into the stomach to mix with gastric digestive juices. The bolus slides down this tube, called the esophagus, which connects the pharynx to the stomach.
Here,
This large gland, located near the stomach, releases digestive enzymes after a meal and also secretes insulin and glucagon to control blood glucose levels. This accessory organ is called the pancreas.
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An advantage of [blank] is that a genetic disorder in a parent might not affect the offspring.
An advantage of Sexual reproduction is that a genetic disorder in a parent might not affect the offspring.
What is offspring?
Offspring is a term used to refer to the immediate descendants of a person, animal, or plant. It can also refer to future generations of a family. In general, offspring refers to the children of a parent or parents, but can also refer to the progeny of any organism, such as a plant or animal.
During sexual reproduction, offspring receive genetic material from both parents. By combining the genetic information from both parents, the offspring will have a unique combination of genetic material that may not include any disorder present in either parent. This means that even if one parent has a genetic disorder, the offspring may not inherit the disorder from that parent. As a result, sexual reproduction allows for the possibility of genetic diversity and the avoidance of genetic disorders that may be present in one or both parents.
Therefore, Sexual reproduction is the answer.
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Work in a small group or alone to complete this exercise. Use your own body (in anatomical position) to identify the following bones and features of the skeleton. Name the specific bone(s) (and feature(s) if possible for each. 1. Your chin 2. The bump behind the bottom of your ear 3. The dip at the bottom midline of your neck between your two collarbones | 4. The tip of your elbow 5. The sides of your elbow 6. The protrusion or bump on the back of your wrist 7. The protrusion or bump on the back of your wrist
Mandible -chin bone. The bump behind the bottom of your ear- mastoid bone. The suprasternal notch, is The dip at the bottom midline of your neck between your two collarbones . The olecranon or “tip of the elbow” is part of the ulna. The sides of your elbow- lateral epicondyles. The protrusion or bump on the back of your wrist- carpel boss.
Describe mandible.
The largest bone in a person's cranium is called the mandible. It helps with chewing, forms the lower jawline, and holds the lower teeth in position. The mandible is subordinate to the maxilla and is made up of a body and ramus. The lower jawline is formed by a part of the body that is horizontally curved.
The upper border of the manubrium of sternum is where the jugular notch (also known as the suprasternal notch or presternal notch) is located. Just behind the ear is where the mastoid bone is situated. An inflammation of the bony air cells in the mastoid bone, which is found directly behind the ear, is known as mastoiditis.
The lateral epicondyle is the lump on the outside of the elbow. The prominence on the outside of the elbow is painful and tender due to the disease known as lateral epicondylitis. A carpal boss, also known as a carpometacarpal boss, is an enlargement of the carpal bones that make up the wrist. A hard lump forms on the wrist's back as a consequence of the overgrowth.
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14.Base of heart is related to :
a. Diaphragm
b. Fundus of stomach
c. Left lobe of liver
d. Oesophagus
e. Phrenic nerve
The correct answer is
A.Diaphragm
9. The probability that a boy whose mother is heterozygous for a sex-linked trait having the trait is:
10. The probability that the daughter of a mom with a dominant disease-causing allele on the X chromosome and a dad with the disorder will be affected with the disorder is:
11. An unaffected man and an unaffected woman have a son with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, an X-linked recessive trait. What are the chances that a daughter of this couple will inherit Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?
12. A man has the X-linked dominant condition CGH that produces dense hair on the face and upper body. What is the chance that he will pass it on to his daughters?
Answer:
Explanation:
The probability that the daughter of a mom with a dominant disease-causing allele on the X chromosome and a dad with the disorder will be affected with the disorder is 100%. This is because the daughter will inherit one X chromosome from the mom, which carries the dominant allele that causes the disorder, and one X chromosome from the dad, which is affected by the disorder.
Since the parents are unaffected, we can infer that they are both heterozygous carriers of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome allele. If they have a son with the syndrome, we know that the son inherited the recessive allele from both parents. The chance that a daughter of this couple will inherit Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is 25%. This is because the daughter will inherit one X chromosome from the father, which does not carry the recessive allele, and one X chromosome from the mother, which has a 50% chance of carrying the recessive allele.
Since the condition is X-linked dominant, the man will pass on the dominant allele to all of his daughters. Therefore, the chance that he will pass it on to his daughters is 100%.
for labrador retrievers the dominant allele b for gene 1 leads to black coat while the recessive allele b leads to brown coat. alleles of gene 2 can change this color, with the dominant allele e having no effect but genotype ee changing either black or brown to yellow color. for dogs with the genotype bbee, the effect of gene 2 on gene 1 is . exam 1
The dog in question has the genotype bbee, the dominant allele B of gene 1 determines that it will have a black coat, and the dominant allele E of gene 2 has no effect on this, so the dog will have a black coat.
What is genotype?
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, which is determined by the combination of alleles (alternative forms of a gene) inherited from its parents. An organism's genotype determines its observable traits, such as its physical appearance, behavior, and susceptibility to certain diseases or disorders.
Genotype is represented by a combination of letters that indicate the alleles of a gene that an individual possesses. For example, in the case of a gene with two alleles, A and a, an individual's genotype could be AA, Aa, or aa, depending on the specific alleles inherited from their parents.
For dogs with the genotype bbee, the effect of gene 2 on gene 1 is that it does not change the coat color. This is because the dominant allele E of gene 2 has no effect on the coat color determined by gene 1, while the recessive allele e of gene 2 only affects the coat color if the dog carries two copies of it (i.e. genotype ee).
Therefore, since the dog in question has the genotype bbee, the dominant allele B of gene 1 determines that it will have a black coat, and the dominant allele E of gene 2 has no effect on this, so the dog will have a black coat.
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semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. which of the following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
Answer:
Explanation:
Decreased sperm motility may be caused by a defect in the flagellum, which is the structure responsible for propelling the sperm forward.
The flagellum is a long, whip-like structure that extends from the body of the sperm and propels it through the female reproductive tract. It is composed of microtubules and other proteins, which work together to create a wave-like motion that propels the sperm forward.
If there is a defect in the structure or function of the flagellum, it can result in decreased sperm motility and reduced fertility. Other factors that can affect sperm motility include hormonal imbalances, infections, exposure to toxins, and genetic abnormalities. A semen analysis can help to identify these factors and guide treatment options.
select all of the following that are characteristics of atp. check all that apply an immediate source of energy for cellsan immediate source of energy for cells an enzyme used widely in all kinds of cellsan enzyme used widely in all kinds of cells a high-energy membrane-bounded proteina high-energy membrane-bounded protein carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bondcarries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groupscomposed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups the bond between the sugar and nitrogenous base are what give atp its energythe bond between the sugar and nitrogenous base are what give atp its energy a nucleic acid
Characteristics of ATP are it is an immediate source of energy, a high-energy membrane-bound protein, and carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond. The correct option for this question are options 1,3 and 4
What is ATP?ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is an energy-giving molecule that gives energy to our body by breaking the glucose molecule into its simplest form. ATP plays a very important role during cellular respiration.
During cellular respiration, one glucose molecule breaks into its simple form and releases 6 ATP which are used by our body to perform cellular activities.
Our body needs energy for performing metabolic activities, and for doing mechanical works all these energy requirements are fulfilled by ATP. Thus ATP works as a delivering agent between the storage molecule and the cell.
The correct option for this question are options 1,3 and 4
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Your answer is incomplete, the correct question would be like this
Select all of the following that are characteristics of ATP.
1. An immediate source of energy for cells
2. An enzyme used widely in all kinds of cells
3. A high-energy membrane-bounded protein
4. Carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond
5. Composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups
What happens to telomeres as a cell divides reapatedly
Answer:
✿´`·.·´`✿Each time a cell divides, the telomeres become slightly shorter. Eventually, they become so short that the cell can no longer divide successfully, and the cell dies.
please brainliest me!!)
Your telomeres eventually get so short that your cells can no longer divide. Tissues age when cells stop dividing. Nevertheless, telomerase, an enzyme, can be used to rebuild telomeres in order to resume cell division. During each cell division, the telomeric DNA length decreases, and when it falls below a crucial threshold, the cell enters replicative senescence or dies by apoptosis. The longevity of a cell in culture is governed by the telomeric DNA length. As a result of insufficient synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication brought on by DNA polymerase's failure to fully copy the ends of chromosomes, telomeres are vulnerable to shortening at each cycle of cell division. Age causes a reduction in telomere length. Telomere shortening rate may suggest. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity , stress, exposure to pollution etcare can potentially increase the rate of telomeere shortening,cancer rik,and pace of aging.
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when 2-week-old cecilia feels something touch her cheek, she turns her face in that direction and searches for a nipple. this is the___ reflex.
Answer:
Explanation:
rooting reflex I think
Because the x chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born.
The X chromosome plays a critical role in human development, but its absence does not necessarily result in fetal death.
As per the question given,
One of the two sex chromosomes found in humans is the X chromosome, which has many genes essential for healthy development. The development of the immune system, the brain, and the reproductive system are just a few of the vital processes that these genes regulate.
Although these genes are crucial, it is untrue that no child has ever been born without an X chromosome. In fact, a number of diseases, such as Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome, can result in the lack of the X chromosome or its partial deletion. Although these disorders have the potential to seriously harm a child's health and development, miscarriage or stillbirth are not always the results.
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What did we not account for that occurs during meiosis with this activity? How do you thing that would have changes the results?
Answer: since cell division occurs twice during meiosis, one starting cell can produce four gametes (eggs or sperm). In each round of division, cells go through four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Meiosis I Before entering meiosis I, a cell must first go through interphase.
Explanation:
The substrate of an enzyme is?A. an organic accessory moleculeB. The molecole(s) released at the end of an enzyme-facilitated reaction.C. The shape of the enzymeD. One of the amino acids that makes up the enzymeE. What the enzyme acts on.
The substrate of an enzyme is what the enzyme acts on. Therefore, option E is correct.
What is an enzyme?Proteins called enzymes serve as biological catalysts by quickening chemical reactions. Substrates are the molecules that enzymes can interact with, and the enzyme changes the substrates into other molecules known as products.
Some examples of enzymes are zymase, ligase, pepsin, DNAase, sucrase, maltase, amylase, proteases, oxidoreductases, and lactase.
Thus, the substrate of an enzyme is what the enzyme acts on. Therefore, option E is correct.
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In pigs a curly tail (T) is dominant to a straight tail (t). Also, pink body(B) is dominant to a grey body(b). Show a cross between a homozygous dominant curly tailed, homozygous dominant pink pig and a heterozygous curly tailed , heterozygous pink pig. What is the 1st and 2nd pigs genotype?
Answer:ANSWER OF GIVEN QUESTION
Explanation:
which of the following descriptions does not describe atrioventricular (av) valves? which of the following descriptions does not describe atrioventricular (av) valves? flap-like open based on pressure changes in the atria versus the ventricles formed from pocket-like cusps anchored inferiorly by specialized connective tissue
A. made of cusps that resemble pockets B. open depending on variations in atrioventricular pressure rather than ventricle pressure C
ventricle: what is it?
a cavity in an organ or body part, for example. one of the two areas of the heart responsible for delivering blood to the body the region of the heart where blood enters the arteries: a bodily portion or organ's cavity
How do the heart's ventricles function?
The heart's ventricles work to circulate blood throughout the body. The heart is full of blood and the atria and lower chambers relax during the diastole period of the cardiac cycle. The ventricles contract during the ventricular diastole phase, pushing blood to the major blood vessels (pulmonary and aorta).
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What is muncipal waste
Answer:
Municipal solid waste (MSW) includes all items from homes and businesses that people no longer have any use for. These wastes are commonly called trash or garbage and include items such as food, paper, plastics, textiles, leather, wood, glass, metals, sanitary waste in septic tanks, and other wastes.
Explanation:
Explanation:
Municipal solid waste, commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately.
fill in the blank. presynaptic neurons can release multiple neurotransmitters at different times through the process of___, in which vesicles containing different neurotransmitters have different levels of sensitivity to calcium. group of answer choices corelease reuptake cotransmission autoreceptors
Presynaptic neurons can release multiple neurotransmitters at different times through the process of reuptake, in which vesicles containing different neurotransmitters have different levels of sensitivity to calcium. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is Reuptake?Reuptake is the process of reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter which is located along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal, the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse or the glial cell which is present after it has performed its function of transmission of a neural impulse.
Reuptake is necessary for the normal synaptic physiology because it allows the recycling of neurotransmitters and also the regulation of the level of neurotransmitter present in the synapse, thereby controlling how long a signal resulting from the neurotransmitter release lasts. Because the neurotransmitters are too large and hydrophilic to diffuse through the membrane, through the specific transport proteins that are necessary for the reabsorption of neurotransmitters.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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TRUE OR FALSE alfred russel wallace 'forced darwin's hand' when he sent him a letter detailing an idea identical to darwin's own, which had come to wallace while in a malarial fever.
Wallace first wrote to Darwin in 1858 from Indonesia. In the letter he summarises Darwin's personal views, first outlined in 1842. This induced Darwin to are looking for publicati
on of the manuscript he had been working on for some time.
What used to be Wallace's letter to Darwin about?July 1st, 1858
On June 18th, 1858, Charles Darwin obtained an essay written by way of Alfred Russell Wallace from Ternate in the Malay Archipelago. It outlined Wallace's theory of evolution by herbal determination in terms that had been strikingly comparable to Darwin's very own drafts of the theory.
What did Wallace ship to Darwin?Wallace knew Darwin was working on comparable research. In 1858, he despatched Darwin a letter outlining his thoughts about evolution. The two collaborated on a scientific paper, discussing their proof for herbal resolution and evolution.
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What is the difference between a quadrant and a transect
Answer:
In transect surveys, students stretch a string across a piece of ground, stake each end, and count the living things that are either underneath the string or within arm's length of it. In quadrat surveys, students map out a square piece of ground and survey the living things lying within the square.
Explanation:
The specific defenses of the immune system include a variety of cells that circulate in the blood and that make up organs such as the spleen and thymus. How are the cells of the immune system able to differentiate pathogens from the cells of the body?.
Explanation:
The immune system is able to differentiate between pathogenic cells and normal cells of the body in a variety of ways. First, the cells of the immune system are able to recognize certain molecules on the surface of foreign cells that are not found on the body's own cells. These molecules, called antigens, can be proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, or nucleic acids. The immune system also has receptors that recognize these molecules, which allows them to identify and respond to foreign cells.
In addition, immune cells are able to recognize the shape and size of foreign cells, which is different from the shape and size of the body's own cells. The immune system also uses a process called phagocytosis, in which immune cells engulf and destroy foreign cells. Finally, the immune system can detect the presence of certain molecules, such as cytokines and chemokines, that are produced by foreign cells and can be used to identify and respond to them.
Overall, the immune system uses a variety of mechanisms to differentiate pathogenic cells from normal cells of the body. This helps the body recognize and respond to foreign invaders and prevents them from causing harm.
The genes that code for specific are part of an organism's , the sum of all of its genetic information.
The genes that code for specific are part of an organism's, the sum of all of its genetic information is called genome.
Genes are the basic factors of heredity. They are inherited from one generation to another and that is how each organism receives its characteristics and phenotype. The gene is a part of the DNA strand which is composed of a pair of alleles.
Genome is the entire genetic material of any organism. For example, the human genome comprises of 23 pairs or 46 individual chromosomes. The information of the genome is responsible for an organism to be functional.
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