To successfully synthesize the product, use the reagents and conditions listed above, that include Hcl, H2O,[2] H2O h [1] CH3CO2H NaOE, LiAlH4, and LDA.
What are examples of synthesize?Everything that is needed would be to establish a connection or to put things together. Inside an effort to help others link disparate ideas, we naturally blend knowledge. Synthesis occurs, for instance, when you discuss with a friend what various friends have said about a piece of music or a movie.
What does synthesizing mean in writing?Synthesis is the process of combining different elements to create a whole. When instructing students to produce a literature search or any work that calls for the utilization of numerous sources, writing instructors frequently use this term.
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Complete each nuclear fusion reaction. 226 88 ra → d e rn 4 2 he d: e: 238 92 u → f g th 4 2 he f: g:
D represents 222, E represents 86, F represents 234 and G represents 90.
These two chemical processes are an example of an alpha decay process. The process of heavier nuclei decaying into lighter nuclei and producing an alpha particle is known as alpha decay. The alpha particle also referred to as a helium nucleus, has a charge of +2 units.
[tex]\frac{A}Z} X=\frac{A-4}{Z-2} Y + \frac{4}{2} He[/tex]
The isotope that was created has an atomic mass that is 4 units less and an atomic number that is 2 units less.
In the chemical equations, then:
[tex]\frac{86}{226}Ra =\frac{84}{222} Rn + \frac{4}{2} He[/tex]
D stands for 222, and E for 86.
[tex]\frac{92}{238}U =\frac{90}{234}Rn + \frac{4}{2} He[/tex]
F represents 234 and G represents 90.
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which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? view available hint(s)for part a which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate high-energy photons water and co2 nadp and rubp oxygen, atp, and nadph
The calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH, the byproducts of photosynthesis' light reactions.
What elements of the photosynthesis process are used in the Calvin cycle?
NADPH and ATP are the byproducts of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are used in the Calvin cycle. Sunlight raises the energy level of photosystem II electrons during the light reactions. As the electrons move along the electron transport chain, a gradient of hydrogen ions is produced.
Each produces a triose phosphate (C₃H₇O₆P) molecule after consuming one ATP and one NADPH molecule.
Therefore, the calvin cycle generates triose phosphates, of which one-sixth is used in pathways for the synthesis of carbohydrates and the remaining triose phosphates are retained and go through the regeneration phase.
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if photons of light with a wavelength of 189.1 nm illuminate the surface of a metal, what will the kinetic energy of the electron be, in j? (note: this question depends on your answer to part 1. your final answer to this question must be submitted after you've submitted your final answer to part 1)
The kinetic energy of the electron be, in j is 4.1766 × 10⁴⁹.
Kinetic energy is the power an object has because of its motion. If we want to boost up an object, then we must follow a force. making use of force requires us to do paintings. After work has been accomplished, energy has been transferred to the object, and the object might be moving with a new consistent speed.
Calculation:-
wavelength = 189.1 nm
= 189.1 × 10⁻⁹ m
c = λf
f = 189.1 × 10⁻⁹ m / 3 × 10⁸
= 63.033 × ⁻ ¹⁷
kinetic energy = hf
= 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ × 63.033 × ⁻ ¹⁷
= 417.66 × 10⁻⁵¹
= 4.1766 × 10⁴⁹
The kinetic energy of an item is the electricity that it possesses because of its motion. it is defined because the work needed to boost up a frame of a given mass from relaxation to its stated pace. Having gained this energy for the duration of its acceleration, the frame maintains this kinetic electricity except for its pace changes.
Potential energy saved energy that relies upon the relative position of numerous components of a gadget. A spring has greater potential energy when it is compressed or stretched. A steel ball has extra capability strength raised above the ground than it has after falling to Earth.
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a student combines a solution of nacl(aq)nacl(aq) with a solution of agno3(aq)agno3(aq), and a precipitate forms. question which of the following is evidence that ionic bonds formed during the precipitatio
Student combines a solution of NaCl (aq)with a solution of AgNO₃ (aq), and a precipitate forms evidence that ionic bonds formed during the precipitation is The precipitate has a high melting point.
What happens during precipitation reaction?The precipitation reaction undergoes in aqueous solutions or medium in an ionic state. Precipitation reactions are known as ionic reactions since the ions actively take part in the reaction and form the product. These reactions depend on the temperature, concentration of the solution, buffer solution, etc.
These insoluble salts formed in precipitation reactions are called precipitates. Precipitation reactions are usually double displacement reactions involving the production of a solid form residue called the precipitate.
Ionic bond. The atom that loses the electrons becomes a positively charged ion ( cation ), while the one that gains them becomes a negatively charged ion ( anion ). A brief treatment of ionic bonds follows. For full treatment, see chemical bonding: The formation of ionic bonds.
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Denie put 40 mL of water into a graduated cylinder. After adding a olid object, the water level in the
cylinder roe to 65 mL. What i the volume of the object? The object Denie i examining ha a ma of 25
gram. What i the denity of the object?
The density of the object is 226.06 g
How do you calculate an object's volume in a graded cylinder?A graduated cylinder is filled with enough water to completely cover the object, and the volume is then measured. After adding the item to the cylinder, the volume is once more read. The volume of the object is the difference between the two volumes.
Well, the volume of the copper is (65.4−40.0)⋅mL=25.4⋅mL
Explanation:
The copper displaces the given volume of water.
Now
ρCu=8.90⋅g⋅cm3 OR ρCu=8.90⋅g⋅mL−1
, i.e. 1⋅mL≡1⋅cm3
But by definition,
ρ density =mass volume
And thus
mass= ρ × volume=8.90⋅g⋅mL−1×25.4⋅mL = 226.06g
The density of the object is 226.06 g
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How can you prove that atom is neutral?.
An electron and a proton have the same quantity of charge, yet they are charged differently.As a result, an atom is said to be electrically neutral if it has an equal number of protons and electrons.
How can the neutrality of an atom be established? An electron and a proton both have charge, but it is of a different kind.As a result, an atom is said to be electrically neutral if its protons and electrons are distributed equally.However, to increase their stability, atoms can gain or lose electrons.Neutral refers to an atom with no charge.Consider this:A neutral sodium atom has an atomic number of 11, which denotes that it has 11 protons and, because it is neutral, 11 electrons.An atom contains an equal amount of positively and negatively charged protons and electrons.There is no net charge on the atom as a result of the equilibrium of the opposing charges.In addition, there are no charges on the neutrons in the atom.An atom is therefore electrically neutral.To learn more about atom refer
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given that an e2 reaction proceeds with anti periplanar stereochemistry, draw the products of each elimination. the alkyl halides in (a) and (b) are diastereomers of each other. how are the products of these two reactions related? when drawing alkene substituents, remember that it is preferable to draw them as regular lines than as dashes and wedges.
These two alkyl halides are diastereomers of one another. draws the byproducts of each elimination as antiperiplanar stereochemistry is carried out.
How does an E2 reaction work?Bimolecular elimination is referred to as an E2 mechanism, which is essentially a one-step mechanism. Here, a new double bond is formed mostly as a result of the carbon-hydrogen and carbon-halogen bonds breaking. The rate-determining step of the E2 mechanism, however, includes a base, which has a significant impact on the process.
In organic chemistry, what is E2?The pace of the reaction increases together with the substrate concentration. E2: The term "2" refers to the fact that this is a second-order bimolecular reaction. Accordingly, the rate of reaction is influenced by both the substrate.
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A ______ is a substance such as heavy metals, chemical compounds, and excessive concentrations of nutrients that degrades the environment and is harmful to organisms.
toxicant
A toxicant is a substance such as heavy metals, chemical compounds, and excessive concentrations of nutrients that degrades the environment and is harmful to organisms.
How do you identify a chemical compound?Various criteria can be used to categorize chemical substances. One such analysis is founded on the distinct components present. For instance, hydrides, oxides, and halides all contain one or maybe more hydrogen atoms as well as one or maybe more halide (Group 17) atoms.
How are chemical compounds made?A compound is created when two or more components mix through a chemical reaction. A chemical changes involving simple molecules and elements results in the formation of large compounds like proteins.
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a different product is formed in each of the following reactions. identify the product in each case from their 1h nmr spectra below, and suggest an explanation for the observed regioselectivity. h5ch16p41q1
For each of the following reactions, phenyl lithium exclusively attacks the methylene carbon of the epoxide, resulting in the formation of a distinct product. by analyzing their 1h nmr spectra.
An organometallic compound with the empirical formula C6H5Li is phenyl lithium, also known as litho-benzene. It is most frequently employed as a metalating agent in organic synthesis and as an alternative to Grignard reagents for adding phenyl groups.
phenyl lithium epoxide + first reaction
C9H12O as a formula
4 is the unsaturation level.
Product A's structure is 1-phenyl-2-propanol.
Phenyl lithium only attacks the methylene carbon of epoxide, which accounts for the product A's observed regioselectivity.
Substance B
Compound B's 1-phenyl-1-propanol structure
Methyl lithium only attacks the epoxide's methylene carbon, according to the chemical B's reported regioselectivity.
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What's the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond? an electric current is trying to move through an atom. How do protons and electrons impact the movement of electricity?.
The main difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond is that electrons are transferred in an ionic bond, whereas electrons are shared in a covalent bond.
Ionic bond is formed by donating or transferring the electron by one atom to the another. The atoms which takes part in ionic bond have different electronegativity values. The nature of a bond is polar in the ionic bond as bond is formed between oppositely charged ions.
Covalent bond in the compound is formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms. If the electrons are equally shared, then the nature of a bond is polar covalent bond. The polar covalent bond is formed due to electrons are more attracted to one atom than another.
Therefore, main difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond is that electrons are transferred in an ionic bond, whereas electrons are shared in a covalent bond.
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Answer:
1.In an ionic bond, the electrons are lost or gained between atoms. In a covalent bond, the electrons are shared between atoms.
2.Protons and electrons both have an electric charge. Protons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge. This means that their charges are equal and opposite. The nature of the charge influences how electricity moves through an atom.
Explanation: penn foster
a sample of a gas has a volume of 30.0 ml at a pressure of 6.50 psi. determine the volume of the gas in milliliters at a pressure of 11.0 psi.
Therefore the volume of the gas at a pressure of 11.0 psi is 30.0 milliliters.
What is volume of the gas?The volume of a system is a crucial comprehensive parameter for defining its thermodynamic state in thermodynamics. The specific volume, a strong characteristic, is the volume of the system per unit of mass. The area occupied by gaseous particles under normal temperature and pressure circumstances is referred to as the volume of gas. It is identified as a "V." The amount of 3-dimensional space a gas occupies is referred to as its volume. The volume of a gas inside a closed container will match the volume of the container.
How to calculate the volume of a gas?At ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, one mole of any gas occupies a space of 24 dm3. Given the number of moles of any gas we have, we can use this to compute its volume as follows: Molecule volume equals 24 dm3/mole.
Briefing:A sample of helium has a 325 mL volume & a 655 mmHg pressure.
y = -28.873 (30.0) + 1539.3 (30.0) = 673.1 mmHg
673.1 mmHg for x = 30.0 mL.
As a result, the pressure is 673.1 mmHg Q4 when the gas volume is 30.0 mL.
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7. When one thing in a circuit stops working, the whole circuit stops working. O parallel O series
When one component of a circuit in series stops, the entire circuit also comes to an end.
A series circuit will be disrupted and no longer allow electricity to flow if one component is taken out or disconnected. Take a series circuit made up of a number of Christmas tree lights as an illustration. The power cannot pass through to the next bulb if one of the bulbs breaks.All components in a parallel circuit connect to the same electrical nodes. Since all parallel components share the same voltage, the overall current is equal to the sum of all the branch currents.
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the substance oxidized causes the other substance to be reduced and is called the: group of answer choices reducing agent oxidizing agent private agent the oxidizer
The oxidised substance reduces the other substance and is known as reducing agent.
what is reducing agent ?
A reducing agent is a chemical species that "donates" an electrons to an electron receiver (called the oxidising agent, oxidant, oxidizer, or electron acceptor). Earth metals, formic acid, oxalic acid, and sulfite compounds are examples of common reducing agents.
Reducers contain additional electrons in their pre-reaction states (that is, they are themselves reduced), whereas oxidizers lack electrons (that is, they are by themselves oxidized). This is often stated in terms of their oxidation states. The oxidation state of an agent specifies the degree of electron loss, with the higher the oxidation state having fewer electrons.
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If there was a high concentration of acetylcholine within the synaptic cleft, but little to no response at the motor end-plate, you would expect ________________ to be the responsible neuromuscular-blocking agent.
curare
If there was a high concentration of acetylcholine within the synaptic cleft, but little to no response at the motor end-plate, you would expect curare to be the responsible neuromuscular-blocking agent.
Curare is a paralyzing agent that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles. When taken in a sufficient dose, it can also cause death by asphyxiation because the diaphragm is paralyzed. Curare poisoning can be indicated by paralysis. It doesn't tend to alter the state of consciousness, but since every voluntarily controlled muscle in the body is paralyzed, the person suffering from curare poisoning can't confirm their consciousness. From the outside, curare poisoning looks very similar to the locked-in syndrome.
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ch4: which of these would not be an effective way to procure accurate and unbiased results from a fan intercept survey conducted during a sporting event?
These would not be an effective way to procure accurate and unbiased results from a fan intercept survey conducted during a sporting event, Ensure that those collecting surveys are attired in team gear.
In order to understand populations as a whole, surveys are a means of collecting data from a sample of people using pertinent questions. Everyone involved in the information economy, including corporations, the media, governments, and academics, can benefit from surveys' data and insights. Four different surveying techniques are frequently employed.
Personal interviews
Call-based polls
Paper questionnaires that participants fill out themselves
computerized self-administered polls (typically online)
There are several elements that all surveys have in common, despite the fact that survey methods differ greatly. Survey methodologists, psychologists, statisticians, and many other researchers have thoroughly examined several of these characteristics data.
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A subunit of an organic compound that confers particular chemical and physical properties is termed.
A functional group, a subunit of an organic compound that confers particular chemical and physical properties is termed. Correct answer: letter C.
Since, functional groups are responsible for the formation of chemical bonds between molecules and atoms, and play an important role in the physical and chemical properties of the organic compounds of which they are a part.
Origin of functional groupsThe term ‘functional group’ was first coined in 1883 by German chemist Hermann Kolbe, and it is used to refer to a specific group of atoms within an organic compound that has a distinct chemical structure and identity.
Functional groups are often referred to as “active sites”, as they are the main sites of chemical activity within an organic compound.
Functional groups contain atoms that are held together by covalent bonds, which are strong chemical bonds that form when electrons are shared between atoms.
A subunit of an organic compound that confers particular chemical and physical properties is termed ________
A) A monomer.
B) An oligomer.
C) A functional group.
D) A synthetic unit.
E) An isomer.
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How the properties of a compound and the properties of its component compare
The properties of compounds are different from the properties of the elements that form them because elements in a compound combine and become an entirely different substance with its own unique properties.
What are compounds?A compound is described as a material formed by chemically bonding two or more chemical elements.
When elements combine in a any specific ratio, compounds are formed. These compounds are totally different from the elements that compose them.
As these elements combine to form compounds, the individual properties of the combining elements are no longer observed. Only the properties of the compound formed is now observed.
In conclusion, we can say that the physical properties of any compound are often quite different to the physical properties of the elements that made them up.
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What are the 4 types of chemical hazards?.
Carcinogens, immunological agents, neurotoxins, and dermatologic agents are the four different categories of chemical dangers.
What instances from chemistry?The substances, such as copper, nitrogen, and oxygen, as well as compounds comprised of components like alcohol, carbon dioxide, and salt, as well as more complicated materials, such as a computers, the air you breathe, precipitation, a chicken, a car, etc., are examples of chemicals.
What materials make up chemical?Chemicals are another name for matter, which is everything composed of atoms. Chemicals are the buildings you can create using atoms as the building pieces in a LEGO set. They could be solid, liquid, or gas in any form. Chemical can be a combination or a pure substance.
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A cell is injected with ion X and placed into a solution. The following potentials are measured inside and outside the cell, yet there is no net flow of X ions. Why?
X must be a positively charged ion, a cation, so that the electrical gradient is enough to keep its concentration higher in the cell at an equilibrium state.
In order for X to maintain a larger concentration in the cell in an equilibrium state, it must be a positive-charged ion, or a cation.
equilibrium's definition.
A state of equilibrium among opposing factions or activities that can be rigid (like a body acted on by the energy which result is negative) or fluidity (like a chemical process cyclical where the speeds of both sides are equal).
What does the equilibrium of a body mean?
The body's internal energy and motion are unaffected by the time that passes while it is in balance. If anything is in equilibrium, the forces are equalised.
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calculate the change in the entropy of the surroundings and the change in the entropy of the universe for the freezing of 1.00 mole of water from the following data: Temperature = 225 K ∆H = -6030 J/mol ∆Ssystem = -22.1 J/molK
According to the given statement The change in the entropy of the surroundings and the change in the entropy of the universe for the freezing 24.40 JK⁻¹.
Describe freezing and provide an example:Freezing is the process through which a liquid solidifies. Freezing happens when heat is transferred from a substance since this atoms slow down and form tighter bonds. An example of freezing is when water turns into ice.
Briefing:H₂(g)+12O₂(g)→H₂O(l),
ΔrH∘=−6030KJmol−1
ΔSsurr=qsurrT
Entropy change = S
T = Temperature in K [T = 225 K under ideal circumstances]
Heat absorbed by the environment is measured by qsurr (qsurr=+241.1KJmol1)
ΔSsurr=-6030 /247.1
ΔSsurr=24.40 JK⁻¹ .
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five pellets of a metal have a total mass of 1.25 g and a total volume of 0.278 ml. what is the density of the metal? show your work.
A metal has a value of 1.25 g overall, a density = 0.348 g/mL, and a volume of 4.5 g mL in five pellets.
What is density and example?Depending on its density, "stuff" can occupy a certain amount of space. For instance, there are more people in just about any piece of harder, light element silver than there are in any block of the heaviest element lead. Styrofoam blocks are not as dense as bricks. Mass per unit of area serves as its definition.
What is density and how is it measured?To calculate the density of an item or substance, use the following formula: Each meter cubed equals a kilogram of concentration when the volume is divided by the mass (p = m/v).
Briefing:In the above equation,
density=mass/volume
where,
m=1.25g
v=0.278ml
therefore,
= 1.25/0.278
=4.5gmL
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the maximum amount of possible product formed in a reaction if the limiting reactant is completely converted to product is called the .
Theoretical yield refers to the largest quantity of product that could be produced from a reaction if the limiting reactant is fully transformed into product.
The amount of a product that results from a chemical reaction's full conversion of the limiting reactant is known as the theoretical yield. It is not the amount you will actually get from a reaction in the lab because it is the amount of product that would result from a perfect (theoretical yield) chemical reaction.
The amount of product that is produced in a chemical reaction is controlled by the limiting reactant, also known as the limiting reagent. Calculating the theoretical yield of a reaction requires knowing the limiting reactant.
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determine the number and type of chemical bonds in phosphorus trifluoride (pf3) and cesium selenide (cs2se).
The number and type of chemical bonds in phosphorus trifluoride , PF₃ is covalent compound having three sigma bond. Cs₂Se is ionic compound and having 2 sigma bond.
The PF₃ is having three sigma bond. the bond is formed is covalent bond the compound is called as covalent compound. the covalent compound formed between the sharing of valence electrons. Cs₂Se is ionic compound and having 2 sigma bond. ionic bond is formed between the positively and negatively charged element.
Thus, The number and type of chemical bonds in phosphorus trifluoride , PF₃ is covalent compound having three sigma bond. Cs₂Se is ionic compound and having 2 sigma bond.
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which gas law states that increasing the partial pressure of a gas over a solution will result in more of the gas dissolving into the solution
Henry's gas law states that increasing the partial pressure of a gas over a solution will result in more of the gas dissolving into the solution.
According to Henry's gas law, the partial pressure of a gas in equilibrium with a particular liquid is directly proportional to the amount of that gas that dissolves in the liquid at a given temperature. The depth-dependent breakdown of oxygen and nitrogen in underwater divers' blood, which varies during decompression and causes decompression sickness, is a manifestation of Henry's gas law.
Each gas that makes up a mixture of gases has a partial pressure, which represents the pressure that would exist if that gas alone had filled the complete volume of the initial mixture at the same temperature. A gas's partial pressure is a gauge of its molecules' thermodynamic activity.
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How did rise in oxygen influence animal evolution?.
Oxygen levels in the atmosphere directly contributed to the emergence of animals and the Cambrian explosion.
Do you mean air by atmospheric?The air that dominates in atmospheric conditions is referred to as atmospheric air. For various places and wind patterns, there exist various atmospheric conditions. In locations where corrosive contaminants are found or released, the atmosphere is corrosive.
Who First Discovered the Air?Chemists including Joseph Priestley, Antoine Lavoisier, and Henry Cavendish performed the initial observations of the atmospheric composition in the 18th century, which marked the start of the first scientific investigations into atmospheric composition.
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Rearrange the following molecule in increaing order if the poitive character of the carbon atom
CH3CH3, CH3CH3F, CH3OHOH, CH3F, CH3NH2, CH3I
CH3F> CH3OH> CH3Li> CH3I> CH3CH3> CH3NH2 this is the increasing order of the positive character of the carbon atom on the basis of electronegativity.
Characteristics of carbon atoms?
The carbon atom's primary features are as follows: The carbon atom's valency is 4. With other atoms, carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds. By joining forces with other carbon atoms and other elements, it can form straight chains, branching chains, and cyclic compounds.
The total net charge of neutral carbon-12 (or any carbon atom) is zero because it has 6 electrons with a total net charge of 6e- orbiting a nucleus with a total net charge of 6e+. The six protons and six neutrons that make up the nucleus each have an electric charge of e+.
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when the equation above is balanced and all coefficients are reduced to lowest whole-number terms, what is the coefficient for h3po4(l) ?
The following equation can be balanced by multiplying the appropriate integers on either side:
Ca₃(Po₄)₂ + 4H₃PO₄ ⇒ 3Ca(H₂PO₄)₂
In a balanced chemical equation describing a reaction, all of the reactants and products are represented in precise stoichiometric ratios, where the amounts of each element must match on both sides.
The example that is given serves as a combo reaction example. The phosphate group can be balanced by multiplying by 4 with H3PO4, and the number of calcium in the product side of the equation can be balanced by multiplying by 3.
As a result, the balanced chemical equation above has 6 phosphate groups, 3 calcium ions, and an equal number of hydrogens on each side. H3PO4 has a coefficient of 4.
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What type of bonding does BaO have?.
Barium is metal and oxygen is non-metal. Ionic bonds generally forms between the metallic elements and nonmetallic elements. Hence, there is a bond between metal and the non-metal so the bond formed will be ionic.
Ionic bonds need one electron donor and the one electron acceptor, whereas covalent bonds allow atoms with the same electronegativity to share an electron. Additionally, covalent bonds between the two nonmetals and ionic connections between the metals and nonmetals are created.
While oxygen is a non-metal, barium is a metal. Thus, a bond between a metal and a non-metal is present, which result in the formation of an ionic bond.
BaO thus has an ionic bond.
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calculate the volume in milliliters of a 9.13 mol/l silver perchlorate solution that contains 75.0 mmol of silver perchlorate
A 9.13 mol/l silver perchlorate solution with 75.0 mmol of silver perchlorate has a volume of 0.0396 liters in milliliters.
Molar mass of AgClO4 = 207.319 g/mol
Given density of AgClO4 = 9.13 mol/L
So converting it into g/L = 9.13 × 207.319 = 1892.82g/L
Therefore, volume = mass/volume [ Given, mass = 75.0 g ]
Volume= 75/1892.82 = 0.0396 L .
Chemical compounds with the perchlorate ion, ClO4, are known as perchlorates. The majority of perchlorates are salts made commercially. In order to reduce static electricity in food packaging and as oxidizers for pyrotechnic devices. High levels of perchlorate in the human body can interfere with iodide uptake into the thyroid gland, disrupt thyroid functions, and possibly reduce thyroid hormone production.
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according to dr. al-khalili, why were scientists interested in atomic theory in the mid nineteenth century?
Scientists interested in atomic theory in the mid nineteenth century because of steam.
The scientific theory known as "atomic theory" states that atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Atomism, a prehistoric intellectual movement, is where the atomic hypothesis had its start. This notion held that if a lump of stuff were divided into ever-smaller parts, one would ultimately reach a point where the smaller components could not be divided any further. These fictitious fundamental elements of substance were given the Greek term atomos, which means "uncut," by the ancient thinkers.
John Dalton, a chemist, observed that, in the early 1800s, chemical compounds appeared to mix and decompose into other substances in weight proportions that suggested that each chemical element is ultimately composed of minute, indivisible particles of constant weight.
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