DNA as a distinct molecule is known to be discovered by Phoebus.
The molecule found inside cells that carries the genetic material necessary for an organism to develop and function. This knowledge can be passed on from one generation to the next thanks to DNA molecules. Purine-pyrimidine nucleotide base pairs, including adenine (A) paired with thymine (T) and guanine (G) paired with cytosine (C), form the double-stranded helix that makes up DNA. Likewise known as deoxyribonucleic acid.
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The concentration of free Ca2+ in the cytosol of an unstimulated cell is kept low compared with its concentration in both the extracellular fluid and the endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following help to maintain this difference?
Ca2+ siphons in the ER membrane and Ca2+ siphons in the plasma membrane are the right response.
Calcium Siphons are protein pumps that move Ca2+ back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (a changed Endoplasmic Reticulum) in skeletal muscle after every constriction. They have a place with the particle carriers protein family.
In calcium homeostasis, these siphons are essentially particle carriers situated on the cell film of every single creature cell. They help to siphon Ca2+ out of the cell to keep up with electrochemical angles across the cell membrane.
The rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the smooth resembles a fine cylinder while the rough comprises ribosomes on its surface. Both the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum cooperate, delegate undertakings, and are the site for the creation and capacity of proteins. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is answerable for stockpiling and lipids creation, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum is liable for the development of proteins and a few chemicals.
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choose all the functions of the enteric nervous system. multiple select question. to regulate the secretion of digestive enzymes to regulate the respiratory rate to regulate the formation of gametes to regulate motility through the digestive tract to regulate salivation
To regulate motility through the digestive tract to regulate salivation
What is enteric nervous system and its parts?The enteric nervous system, the rather autonomous component of the nervous system, is formed from several neural circuits that regulate motor and local blood flow as well as immunological and endocrine activity as well as motor and local blood flow.
The myenteric (Auerbach) and submucosal (Meissner) plexuses are the main parts of the ENS. The myenteric plexus controls the relaxation and contraction of the intestinal wall and is situated between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers. The ENS, commonly referred to as "the second brain" or "the gut brain," may autonomously regulate intestinal absorption and digestion.
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Two fruit flies that are heterozygous for body color and eye color are crossed. Brown body color is dominant to black body color. Red eye color is dominant to brown eye color. Use the punnett square to determine the ratio of offspring with the described trait to the total number of offspring:.
Answer:
Black because people collar balack
Emphysema causes a loss of walls between individual alveoli, resulting in fewer, but larger, alveoli. Which part of gas diffusion would be most affected by emphysema?.
Emphysema causes a loss of walls between individual alveoli, resulting in fewer, but larger, alveoli. Surface area part of gas diffusion would be most affected by emphysema.
What do you mean by emphysema?A condition that affects the lungs' tiny air sacs, or alveoli. In the alveolar walls of the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide are transferred. Emphysema causes the alveoli to expand abnormally, weakening their walls and making breathing more difficult. Smoking (the main cause) (the main cause) exposure to air pollution, which includes exposure to dust, chemical fumes, and other chemicals dust and odors at work that are irritating. Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency-related pulmonary emphysema, also known as early onset pulmonary emphysema, is a rare, inherited variety of the condition.
How does emphysema affect surface area?Alveoli, the lungs' air sacs, suffer damage in those with emphysema. The air sacs' inner walls deteriorate and tear over time, resulting in the creation of fewer, larger air gaps as opposed to more, smaller ones. As a result, less oxygen enters your bloodstream because of a reduction in lung surface area.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that emphysema causes a loss of walls between individual alveoli, resulting in fewer, but larger, alveoli. Surface area part of gas diffusion would be most affected by emphysema.
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the disease you investigated involved a problem in the nervous system. explain how other body systems were affected by this error.
If the condition under investigation caused issues with the neurological system, ALS, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, may have an impact on other bodily parts.
All of the body's muscles atrophy as a result of the slow death of motor neurons caused by ALS disease. The essential breathing muscles may become paralyzed as a result of ALS. Carbon dioxide builds up in the body and oxygen cannot be exchanged if the respiratory muscles deteriorate. The muscular system is one of ALS's main targets. An ALS patient's muscles become so weak that they are unable to function. Walking, speaking, eating, and maintaining posture become challenging as a result.
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When using microscope slides in live cell culture (which must be kept sterile), they are often dunked in ethanol and briefly lit on fire in order to sterilize them. Why is the ethanol itself not sufficient?
Ethanol itself is not sufficient for sterilizing microscope slides in live cell culture for following reason:
Why ethanol itself is not sufficient ? Coverslips are typically sterilized using 70% ethanol. Although ethanol is less effective than autoclaving for sterilization, it is frequently followed by UV radiation or flames. Even so, performing both might still be quicker than autoclaving and then cooling. Do not reuse your alcohol if you decide to use this procedure because some germs can survive in 70% ethanol.Which is the best method of sterilizing ?Most laboratories use autoclaving, which involves heating the material to be sterilized with pressurized steam. This is an extremely efficient procedure that eliminates all bacteria, spores, and viruses, albeit certain particular bugs require particularly high temperatures or long incubation periods.For more information on sterilization kindly visit to
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The process by which homologous chromosomes can exchange genetic information during prophase i of meiosis is known as_____?.
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes is known as recombination. The chromosomes condense and become apparent inside the nucleus during prophase I.
DNA fragments are broken and recombined during the recombination process to create novel allele combinations. The genetic variety that results from this recombination process at the gene level reflects variations in the DNA sequences of various species.
Recombination normally takes place during meiosis in eukaryotic cells, which are cells containing a nucleus and organelles. Gametes, or egg and sperm cells, are created during the cell division process known as meiosis. The homologous pairs of paternal and maternal chromosomes align during the first stage of meiosis. Chromosome arms may touch during the alignment and momentarily merge, leading to a crossover. Recombination and the transfer of genetic material between the maternal and paternal chromosomes occur as a result of crossovers.
Hence,
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What is somatic and examples?.
The main purpose of the somatic nervous system is to connect the central nervous system with the body's muscles to balance voluntary movements and reflex arcs.
Here is an example: You are out for a jog in the park one brisk winter morning. As you run, you spot a patch of slick ice on the path ahead.
what structural feature makes an enzyme or antibody different from a silk protein? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices
Inhibitory antibodies, Antibodies may precisely bind a wide variety of chemical compounds using the same kinds of molecular interactions as enzymes.
What is the Enzyme's Structure?Except for ribozymes, the majority of enzymes are proteins (composed of RNA). They are specific and have a tertiary structure in three dimensions. Peptide chains are repeatedly folded or supercoiled to create fissures or pockets to generate tertiary structure.
What is the protein structure of silk?Due to their distinctive structure, silk proteins form a distinct class of naturally occurring fibrous proteins. Many silks have long domains of hydrophobic amino acids that are separated by shorter, more hydrophilic sections. This makes up their molecular structure.
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Identify the events in the cell cycle that must be completed successfully for daughter cells to share an identical complement of chromosomes. Check all that apply. A) the spindle apparatus must connect with the ends of each sister chromatid in pro metaphase; B) the sister chromatids of each replicated chromosome must be partitioned in anaphase and fully separated into daughter cells by cytokinesis; C) the spindle apparatus must connect with the kinetochores of each sister chromatid in pro metaphase; D) the sister chromatids of each replicated chromosome must be partitioned in the G2 phase and fully separated into daughter cells by cytokinesis; E) all the chromosomes must be replicated during the prophase; F) all the chromosomes must be replicated during the S phase
The correct answers are option B, C and F.
The events in the cell cycle that must be completed successfully for daughter cells to share an identical complement of chromosomes are replication of chromosomes during S phase, spindle fiber meets kinetochores in pro-metaphase, partition of sister chromatids in anaphase and formation of new daughter cells during cytokinesis.
The detail of each step is given below.
The sister chromatids of each replicated chromosome must be partitioned in anaphase and fully separated into daughter cells by cytokinesis.
The spindle apparatus must connect with the kinetochores of each sister chromatid in pro metaphase.
All the chromosomes must be replicated during the S phase.
Hence these are the events in the cell cycle that must be completed successfully for daughter cells to share an identical complement of chromosomes.
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Gene knockout in mouse A. Outline the sequence of steps necessary to generate a gene knockout in the mouse. Be sure to include the information you need to start the procedure. B. The targeted insertion of your transgene in embryonic stem (ES) cells has a very low probability of success (roughly 1 in 10,000 cells tested). Based on what you know about molecular biology, why is the probability of success so low for this step? What feature of the procedure makes it viable despite the low probability of success at this step?
Steps necessary to generate a gene knockout in the mouse: targeting vector → electroporated into ES cells → culture ES cell → correctly targeted ES cell → selected ES cell clone → identify chimeric mice → target allele were identified.
The probability of success is very low for this step as the process is completely random and there is low or no specificity to the site where the actual crossing process occurs
The procedure that makes it feasible despite the low probability of success at this step is that the addition of two marker gene sequences makes it possible to detect successful homologous recombination processes.
Strains of mice in which certain genes from their genome have been disrupted, or "knocked out". To produce a knockout, using recombinant DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent the synthesis of the normal gene product. cloned cells in which this DNA change was successful were then injected into mouse embryos to produce chimeric mice. Chimeric mice were then bred to produce a strain in which all mouse cells contained the disrupted gene. knockout mice are used as experimental animal models for disease (disease models, animals) and to clarify gene function.
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using the images for help, place in the correct order of occurrence from left to right the events that occur at the neuromuscular junction after the action potential reaches the axon terminal.
Synaptic vesicles carrying neurotransmitters are present (stored) in the axon terminal prior to the action potential arriving there.
What is a neuromuscular junction?The correct order of occurrence from left to right.
The axon terminal is entered by Ca²⁺.
ACh is released by synaptic vesicles.
ACh receptors are bound by ACh.
Opening of ligand-gated cation channels.
K⁺ leaves and Na⁺ enters.
The less negative potential exists in membranes.
Therefore, the membrane of the axon terminal is depolarized as the action potential reaches the neuromuscular junction, which triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft in response to calcium influx.
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which category of autoantibodies destroys the platelets in a child with primary thrombocytopenic purpura?
IgG category of autoantibodies destroys the platelets in a child with primary thrombocytopenic purpura.
A reduction in the quantity of platelets in the blood is a characteristic of the blood condition known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Blood cells called platelets aid in the cessation of bleeding. Easy bruising, bleeding gums, and internal bleeding are all symptoms of platelet deficiency.
Easy bruising, bleeding, and tiny reddish-purple dots on the lower thighs are possible symptoms.
When it affects children, ITP typically goes away on its own. Adults frequently require medical care for bleeding. Rarely, it could be necessary to remove the spleen.
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schleroderma is an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen.
Scleroderma is a rare but persistent autoimmune disease in which healthy tissue is replaced by dense, thick fibrous tissue. Normally, the immune system supports the body's defense against disease and infection. Patients with scleroderma's immune systems cause other cells to overproduce collagen (a protein).
Is the skin hard and swollen as a result of an autoimmune disorder where the connective tissues thicken and harden?Scleroderma, also referred to as systemic sclerosis, is a group of uncommon diseases that cause the skin to become tight and hard. Additionally, the digestive system, internal organs, and blood vessels may all experience issues.
Scleroderma is a rare condition that causes hard, thickened skin patches and, occasionally, issues with internal organs and blood vessels. The connective tissue surrounding internal organs, blood vessels, and the skin's underside is attacked by the immune system, which results in scleroderma.
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In a mutation, which of the following types of cells is MOST LIKELY to be passed from a parent to its offspring?
A mutation in a skin cell due to ultraviolet (UV) light and not wearing sunscreen.
A mutation in a kidney cell due to a virus having the opportunity to enter the cell.
A mutation in a hair cell due to chemicals in hair care products.
A mutation in a sperm cell due to being a gamete required for reproduction.
The mutation that passes from the parents to the offspring is a mutation in a sperm cell due to it being a gamete required for reproduction. Out of all the other options, the last one is correct regarding the mutation.
What is mutation?Mutation can be of the somatic type, in which somatic cells change their genetic make-up (such as skin cells), or it can be a germline mutation, such as a mutation in the cells that form gametes. The somatic mutation cannot pass down as it does not involve gamete formation, but the germline mutation passes down to offspring as they form the gametes that later form the zygote.
Hence, the correct answer is the final /last option, which states "A mutation in a sperm cell due to being a gamete required for reproduction".
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describe both the structural organization of the nervous system and the functional organization of the nervous system
The brain, spinal cord, and cerebellum make up the CNS. Sensory input, information processing, and motor output are the three main tasks performed by the nervous system.
What are the nervous system's structural and functional components?The building blocks and active components of the nervous system are called neurons. There are billions of neurons in the neurological system. A neuron, also known as a nerve cell, is a type of cell found inside the body that receives, processes, and sends information via chemical and electrical signals.
What do the nervous system's functional units look like?The fundamental units of the nervous system, called neurons, produce electrical signals called action potentials that enable them to rapidly transfer information.
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What are the two examples of beverages?.
Plants that produce a potable beverage other than water are known as beverage crops. It also contains starch and sugar, which are used in the production of beverages.
In India, tea is the most important beverage crop. Beverages are liquids to drink. Its primary function is to quench thirst. The word 'beverage' comes from the Latin word 'bevere,' which means 'to rest after labor.' It gives our bodies vitality and refreshment. Examples of beverage crops are coffee, maize, barley, grapes, etc. Beverages crops are the crops which provide a potable beverage other than water. It also includes starch and sugar, which are used in making beverages. Tea is the significant beverage crop in India. Examples of beverage crops: barley, rice, Palmira, coconuts, grapes, sorghum, maize, sugarcane, corn, palm, coffee, tea, sugar beet, lemongrass, agave, cocoa, grain, hopes, lemon, apples. They are used to produce beer, sorghum beer, palm wine, grape wine, alcohol, tea, coffee, cider, corn.
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a researcher claims that budding yeast are able to survive in different environments because they produce enzymes that allow them to use different molecules as sources of matter and energy (t/f).
The remark best supports the researcher's assertion by illustrating it with a pertinent instance involving budding yeast: C. Invertase. This enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of the disaccharide sucrose into glucose and fructose, which is produced by yeast cells.
A eukaryotic, unicellular (single-celled), tiny fungus known as yeast often reproduces by budding.
In essence, yeast is a single oval-shaped cell that belongs to the fungal kingdom.
Additionally, this tiny fungus produces invertase enzymes, which enable them to break down sugar (the disaccharide sucrose) into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Invertase, an enzyme produced by budding yeasts, catalyzes the conversion of the disaccharide sucrose into the following chemicals, allowing them to thrive in various settings.
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Thrombocytopenia can result when there is disruption in the production of which component of blood?.
Answer: Thrombocytopenia results in disruption in the production of Platelets
Explanation:
Different issues with your platelets include: Thrombocytopenia is the term for decreased platelet counts in the blood. You may be at risk for minor to major bleeding as a result of this. Your immune system may unintentionally target and destroy your platelets as a result of autoimmune illnesses such as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Your bone marrow can be harmed by cancers like leukaemia or lymphoma, which can kill blood stem cells. Your blood clots with the aid of platelets, stopping the bleeding. It's not a major issue for most folks. However, if you have a severe form, you may spontaneously bleed in your eyes, gums, or bladder or bleed excessively when hurt.
Please help me with this!
Phototropism occurs when a plant bends or grows in a specific direction in reaction to light. Shoots tend to migrate toward the light, while roots tend to grow away from it.
What is phototropism in plants?Phototropism, or the differential cell elongation of a plant organ in response to directed blue light, allows the plant to optimize photosynthetic light uptake in the aerial section as well as water and nutrient acquisition in the roots.Phototropism is classified into two types: positive and negative. Growth toward a light source is referred to as positive phototropism, while growth away from a light source is referred to as negative phototropism. Because plant roots need to extend deeper into the ground for plant stability, water, and nutrients, they display negative phototropism.To learn more about Phototropism refer,
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the effects of two stimulant drugs. an experimenter was interested in investigating the effects of two stimulant drugs (labeled a and b). she divided 25 rats equally into five groups (placebo, drug a low, drug a high, drug b low, and drug b high) and, 20 minutes a
The value of P=0.00724.
What is degree of freedom?The maximum number of conceptually independent values, or numerical freedom of variance, in sample data is referred to as degrees of freedom. In respect to various mathematical hypothesis testing techniques, degrees of freedom are frequently discussed.
The total five groups (placebo, Drug A low, Drug A high, Drug B low, and Drug B high). Therefore, number of categories (k) is 5.
The total items in a group is 5, so the total items (n) in five groups is 25.
The numerator degree of freedom:
df=K
5-1
4
The denomination degree of freedom
df=n-K
25-5=20
F test statistic is 4.77
By the use of F table p value at the degree of freedom 4.20=0.00724
P=0.00724.
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this species was bipedal but kept several ape-like characteristics such as adaptations for tree climbing, a tiny brain, and a large mouth. many cranial traits, such as a low, sloping forehead, a projecting face, and pronounced brow ridges above the eyes, were ape-like. another thing we can learn is the anatomy of the knee joint indicated that it belonged to a species that walked on two legs, and it was the oldest evidence of a biped at the time.
Australopithecus afarensis species was bipedal but kept several ape-like characteristics such as adaptations for tree climbing, a tiny brain, and a large mouth.
An extinct species of australopithecine known as Australopithecus afarensis flourished in the Pliocene of East Africa between 3.9 and 2.9 million years ago.
They were bipedal, meaning they moved on two legs, like modern humans, but unlike apes, they had small brains. Their cheek teeth were bigger than those of modern humans, but their canine teeth were smaller than those of apes.
Africanus possessed certain ape-like characteristics, such as relatively long arms and a sharply sloping face that protrudes from behind the braincase with a noticeable jaw. It also had a rounder cranium that housed a larger brain and smaller teeth.
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What is the importance of haploid?.
The improvement of plant or crop output is the main benefit of haploid plant production. Additional genetic variability is produced as a result of soma clonal variation.
Only the egg and sperm cells in humans are haploid. Male and female gametes that are fused together by haploid gametes produce a diploid zygote, which has the same number of chromosomes as its descendants. Because they have a single set of chromosomes, haploid cells are the best specimens to use for genetic testing. Haploid cells make it more simpler to develop homozygous mutants, which are necessary for the study of recessive traits, compared to diploid cells.
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arrange the order of events for the internalization of ldl particles into cells: ldl, made up of combination of cholesterol and apolipoprotein, binds to ldl receptors and becomes internalized as endocytotic vesicles. the environment of the endosome becomes acidic, which causes the ldl to dissociate from its receptor; additionally, the endosome fuses with a lysosome. several endocytotic vesicles fuse to form an endosome. the ldl particle is degraded by the lysosome. ldl receptors migrate to the cell surface and cluster in clathrin-coated pits. view available hint(s)for part a arrange the order of events for the internalization of ldl particles into cells: ldl, made up of combination of cholesterol and apolipoprotein, binds to ldl receptors and becomes internalized as endocytotic vesicles. the environment of the endosome becomes acidic, which causes the ldl to dissociate from its receptor; additionally, the endosome fuses with a lysosome. several endocytotic vesicles fuse to form an endosome. the ldl particle is degraded by the lysosome. ldl receptors migrate to the cell surface and cluster in clathrin-coated pits. 5-1-3-2-4 5-2-3-1-4 5-4-1-3-2 1-5-3-2-4
The correct order of events for internalization of LDL into cells is
5 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 4
To know the order of the process, read this following explanation.
How cells take up the LDL?Despite having a bad reputation as a high-risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cholesterol is an essential component. It is an integral part of cell membrane, also serves as a precursor of bile, Vit D and steroid hormones.
Cholesterol, together with other lipids, is transported in blood plasma within large particles known as lipoprotein which is an assembly of lipids and protein. Lipoprotein are classified based on their density, one of them is low density lipoprotein (LDL).
LDL carries cholesterol from the liver to other tissues. Peripheral cells take up LDL by endocytosis using LDL receptors. The process how cells take up LDL is described as follows :
LDL receptors migrate to the cells surface and cluster in Clathrin-coated pits.LDL binds to LDL receptors at the plasma membrane and the complex assembly in a coated pit.The internalized pit is converted into Clathrin-coated vesicle that fuses with endosomes after the Clathrin coat is removed. The LDL dissociates from its receptor in the acidic environment of the endosomes and degraded in lysosomes.Learn more about LDL internalization by clicking this link https://brainly.com/question/13650088
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for crossing over to occur, homologous chromosomes must align precisely early in prophase i so that nonsister chromatids can exchange corresponding segments of dna. blank target 1 of 4 as a result of crossing over, sister chromatids are no longer identical to each other. blank target 2 of 4 crossing over occurs at the ends of chromosomes, rather than near the centromeres. blank target 3 of 4 crossing over prevents homologous chromosomes from separating during meiosis i. blank
The correct statements about crossing over are
1. For crossing over to occur, homologous chromosomes must align precisely early in prophase I so that non-sister chromatids can exchange corresponding segments of DNA.
2. Crossing over occurs at the ends of chromosomes, rather than near the centromeres because segments of DNA near the centromeres cannot break and rejoin easily.
Thus, the correct statements are numbers 1 and 2.
What is crossing over?Crossing over is unique to meiosis. Its occurrence depends on specific events early in prophase I and it has important consequences for the rest of meiosis and beyond.
Crossing over occurs during prophase I when homologous chromosomes loosely pair up along their lengths. Crossing over occurs only between non-sister chromatids within a homologous pair of chromosomes, not between the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome. Only segments near the ends of the chromatids, not segments nearest the centromeres, can exchange DNA.
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a 38 year old overweight female is afmittes for evaluation of nonstemi her bmi is 28 and she has a afamily history of cacrdiovascular disease
The BMI is a helpful indicator of obesity and overweight. Based on your weight and height, it is determined. The BMI is a reliable indicator of your risk for illnesses that might develop as a result of having a higher body fat percentage. Your chance of developing certain conditions including heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, gallstones, respiratory issues, and some malignancies increases with your BMI.
The majority of men and women can utilize BMI, although there are several restrictions: It could overstate body fat in those with strong builds, such as athletes. In older people and other people who have lost muscle mass, it might underestimate body fat.
Weight BMI
Underweight Below 18.5
Normal 18.5–24.9
Overweight 25.0–29.9
Obesity 30.0 and Above
Since the women's BMI is 28, she is overweight. She is prone to cardiovascular diseases.
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determine whether each description pertains to driver mutations and passenger mutations. drag and drop each description to the appropriate category.
Oncogenes: Cancer is caused by activation of oncogenes and involves gain-of-function. Usually, a point mutation, translocation, or inversion is linked to activation.
cancer-suppressing genes Cancer results from a loss-of-function that is frequently caused by a point mutation or deletion, and inactivation causes cancer.
What exactly are passenger and driver mutations?Drivers are characterized as mutations that give somatic cells a competitive advantage in their microenvironment, causing the cell lineage to diverge into cancer. On the other hand, mutations that do not have this proliferative benefit are referred to as passengers (also known as "hitchhikers").
A driver mutation must have existed at some point during a cancer's evolution even though it is not necessary for the cancer to continue to grow. Cancer genomes contain passenger mutations because they frequently arise during somatic cell division and have no functional consequences.
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Essays 1. Suppose a researcher for a pest-control company developed a chemical that inhibited the development of an embryonic mosquito's endodermal cells. Which of the following would be a likely mechanism by which this pesticide works? What does the endoderm turn into? A mosquito would have trouble digesting food due to impaired gut function.
The mosquito would become more prone to injury due to a weakening of its Exoskeleton.
Exoskeleton, a hard or flexible covering that supports and shields an animal's soft tissues. The phrase refers to the chitinous integument of arthropods, such as insects, spiders, and crustaceans, and includes the calcareous housings of sessile invertebrates like clams. The exterior waxy, water-resistant covering of the arthropod exoskeleton, which is made from the epidermis, is covered by chitinous, and flexible layers. This coating features tiny breathing openings in terrestrial species (spiracles). The exoskeleton has made it possible for arthropods, particularly insects, to overrun the majority of terrestrial ecosystems by avoiding dehydration. Exoskeletons of animals like the lobster have flexible joints that allow for remarkable mobility.
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g which are the most numerous and diverse vertebrates? multiple choice reptiles bony fishes mammals cartilaginous fishes lancelets
Bony fish have the most and most varied vertebrae.
Which vertebrates are the most numerous and varied?The biggest and most diversified group of vertebrates is the teleost fishes.
Prokaryotes are by far the most numerous group of life on Earth. They are also by far the most diversified in terms of phylogeny and metabolism; they include both the Bacteria and the Archaea, two of the three main categories of living things.
Insects are the most varied category of creatures, meaning that there are more species of them than any other group, it has long been acknowledged and documented. There are an estimated 900,000 distinct species of live insects in the globe.
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from your general biology knowledge, if an mrna (sense) is mixed with another matching sense oligonucleotide, what will happen?
Nothing will happen if an mRNA (sense) is mixed with another matching sense oligonucleotide.
A DNA is double-stranded whereas an mRNA is single-stranded. A DNA molecule needs to form a complementary strand if another matching oligonucleotide strand is found.
However, mRNA being single-stranded does not require any other matching sense oligonucleotide.
The information in an mRNA will be decoded by amino acids rather than oligonucleotides. The information of the mRNA is such that a strand of amino acids that makes proteins will be generated from it and hence sense oligonucleotide will do nothing.
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