Every chromosomal pair splits into two identical, independent chromosomes during anaphase. The mitotic spindle, a component of the cell, divides the chromosomes.
The division of the duplicated genetic material contained in a parent cell's nucleus into two identical daughter cells is known as anaphase, which is the fourth stage of the mitotic process. Each pair of chromosomes splits into two identical, separate chromosomes during anaphase. A structure known as the mitotic spindle separates the chromosomes. The microtubules, which make up the mitotic spindle and are connected to a chromosome at one end and the cell pole at the other, are numerous long proteins that are found in cells. During this process, the centromeres of the sister chromatids split concurrently. Afterward, the spindle pulls the separated chromosomes to the cell's opposite poles.
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g thinking about a bacterial growth curve, suppose that when a culture enters the stationary phase, all the dead cells remain intact. what will happen to the relationship between od and cfu/ml?
G is thinking about a bacterial growth curve, in a bacterial growth curve, the relationship between optical density (OD) and colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) changes over time as the bacterial population grows, as in option B.
What is a bacterial growth curve?At the early stages of growth (lag phase), the bacterial population is small and there are relatively few viable cells, but as the population enters the exponential phase, the number of viable cells increases rapidly, leading to a proportional increase in both OD and CFU/mL, but at the stationary phase, the growth rate slows down.
Hence, the relationship between optical density (OD) and colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) changes over time as the bacterial population grows, as in option B.
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The question is incomplete, complete question is below
g thinking about a bacterial growth curve, suppose that when a culture enters the stationary phase, all the dead cells remain intact. what will happen to the relationship between od and cfu/ml?
A)they don't affect
B)OD and CFU/mL changes with bacterial growth
The stripes in skeletal muscle are due to the presence of Multiple Choice a. multiple nuclei per cell. b. actin and myosin filaments intercalated disks. c. the branching of cells, d. tendons connecting the muscle to bone.
The stripes in skeletal muscle are due to the presence of actin and myosin filaments intercalated disks. Therefore, the correct option is B.
What are skeletal muscles?Skeletal muscles are the voluntary muscles of the body that helps the body to move and provides support to the body. They are typically attached by the tendons to the bones of the skeletal system.
The skeletal muscle fibers have stripes which are called striations, which are formed due to the myofibrils. The basic unit of striated (striped) muscle is a sarcomere comprised of actin (light bands) and myosin (dark bands) filaments. Therefore, the correct option is B.
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Fill The Blank! seed bearing plants are grouped into two clades, namely __________ and ____________.
Gymnosperms and angiosperms are the two clades of seed-bearing plants. As arbitrary classifications for seed plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms are widely utilized.
Gymnosperms don't produce blooms, whereas angiosperms do, which is how the two differ from one another. A fruit is the structure that an ovary grows into after a flowering period that houses the seeds of a flowering plant.
Flowering plants disperse their seeds through their fruits. Gymnosperms (cycads, ginkgo, pines and other conifers, and gnetophytes) and angiosperms are the two classes of seed-bearing plants (flowering plants). Gymnosperms and angiosperms are both vascular plants that reproduce through the production of seeds. Gymnosperms are non-flowering plants that produce seeds, whereas angiosperms are blooming plants that do.
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Please help me fast ………
Answer: B
Explanation:
isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling take place during
Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling take place during diastole, that comprises of four phases.
Between the aortic valve closing and the cessation of the trans-mitral flow is diastole. There are four distinct phases: isovolumic relaxation, fast filling brought on by ventricular suction, minimal filling, called diastasis, and atrial systole.
The aortic and pulmonary valves close, creating the second heart sound, when the ventricular pressures fall below the diastolic aortic and pulmonary pressures (80 mmHg and 10 mmHg, respectively).
Cardiac cycle is the process through which the atria and ventricles alternately contract and relax to pump blood throughout the body. Ventricular diastole, a phase of the cardiac cycle, is when the isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling components of the cardiac cycle occur.
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When several EPSPs arrive at the axon hillock from different dendritic locations, depolarizing the postsynaptic cell to threshold for an action potential, this is an example ofA) temporal summation. B) spatial summation.C) tetanus.D) the refractory state.E) an action potential with an abnormally high peak of depolarization.
Option B).Spatial summation is the process by which several EPSPs arrive at the axon hillock from different dendritic locations, depolarizing the postsynaptic cell to threshold for an action potential.
In this process, the effects of different synapses are added together based on their spatial location on the b, leading to the initiation of an action potential.Temporal summation (A) is the process by which EPSPs generated at the same synapse arrive in rapid succession, leading to the initiation of an action potential. Tetanus (C) is a sustained contraction of a muscle caused by a rapid series of action potentials in the motor neurons. The refractory state (D) refers to a period of time after the initiation of an action potential during which the neuron is less responsive to additional stimuli. An action potential with an abnormally high peak of depolarization (E) is not a recognized physiological process.The axon hillock is the region of a neuron where action potentials are generated. EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) are graded potentials that result from the binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. When several EPSPs arrive at the axon hillock from different dendritic locations, they can summate, or add together, to reach the threshold for an action potential. Spatial summation is the process by which the effects of different synapses are added together based on their spatial location on the neuron. EPSPs that occur closer to the axon hillock will have a greater effect on the neuron's membrane potential than EPSPs that occur further away. If the combined effect of the EPSPs exceeds the threshold for an action potential, an action potential will be initiated and propagated down the axon.
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what is meant by the ""universality of the genetic code""?
Genetic codes can be used in every living system, in any kind of environment, at any period due to their universality, which makes them omnipresent.
Examples include the fact that the identical amino acid, methionine, is coded for by the triplet code AUG in both bacteria and humans. The code's universality is most likely the product of a frozen accident, or the negative effects of codon reassignment in the SGC, along with the deterrent effects of code modifications on horizontal gene transfer. Due to the nonrandom nature of the SGC structure, the code is highly resilient to errors in translation and mutation. The extension of the primordial code, which was prompted by the diversification of the repertory of protein amino acids, most likely resulted in this mistake minimization as a byproduct.
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what is the nape of the neck
The nape of the neck is basically the back side of our neck which is also sometimes called the nucha.
The nape can be basically defined the back of our neck. In technical medical or the technical terminology, the nape is also known as the the nucha.
In a number of different mammals the nape happens to bear a loose as well as non-sensitive area of the skin which is basically known as known as the scruff. It is seen in dogs that it is by this scruff which a mother basically carries her young by her teeth. Sometimes pain is observed in this part of the body due to a bad posture, mental stress etc.
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The dorsal pigment pattern of frogs can be either "leopard" or "mottled." The trait is controlled by an autosomal gene. Males and females are selected from pure-breeding populations and a pair of reciprocal crosses is performed. The cross results are shown: Cross 1: P: male leopard x female mottled F1: all mottled F2: 70 mottled, 22 leopard
Cross 2: P male mottled x female leopard F1: all mottled F2: 50 mottled x 18 leopard
compare and contrast the results of the reciprocal crosses in the context of autosomal gene inheritance.
The results of the reciprocal crosses suggest that the "leopard" and "mottled" dorsal pigment patterns in frogs are likely controlled by a single autosomal gene with incomplete dominance.
In Cross 1, the male parent with the "leopard" trait was crossed with a female parent with the "mottled" trait. The F1 offspring all exhibited the "mottled" trait, suggesting that the "mottled" trait is dominant over the "leopard" trait.
In the F2 generation, there were 70 individuals with the "mottled" trait and 22 individuals with the "leopard" trait, consistent with a ratio of approximately 3:1, which is expected for a single autosomal gene with incomplete dominance.
In Cross 2, the male parent with the "mottled" trait was crossed with a female parent with the "leopard" trait. The F1 offspring all exhibited the "mottled" trait again, suggesting that the "mottled" trait is dominant over the "leopard" trait.
However, the ratio of "mottled" to "leopard" individuals in the F2 generation was different, with only 50 individuals with the "mottled" trait and 18 individuals with the "leopard" trait. This difference in the F2 ratio between the two crosses could be due to a variety of factors, such as random chance, genetic background, or environmental influences.
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dna ligases are important enzymes that are essential for dna replication and repair in all organisms. based on the graphs shown here and your knowledge of human enzymes, at what temperature and ph is human dna ligase likely to have maximal efficiency?
The enzyme is just a thermostable DNA ligase since it exhibits its best nick-joining activity at 65–70 °C and maintains its DNA ligation ability even after being heated at 100 °C for two hours.
What causes the ligation reaction carried out in a cool environment?The ligation reaction was performed at a temperature that compromises between the ideal temperatures of bringing the DNA end together (1°C) or the enzymatic reaction (25°C), as the DNA ligase enzyme reaches its peak activity at this temperature.
Can a ligation be kept at room temperature?Ligations can be performed overnight and perhaps even for a couple of days if you're extremely busy at room temperature and even cooler (think 12-16°C). A ligation can also be kept in the refrigerator and taken out later for continue ligating as room temp for however long is required.
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what is it called when cells divide uncontrollably
Answer:
Metastasis
Explanation:
This is called metastasis. Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into surrounding tissues. Cancer is caused by changes to DNA. Most cancer-causing DNA changes occur in sections of DNA called genes. These changes are also called genetic changes
Which groups consist of parasitic flagellated cells, such as trypanosoma, the organism that causes sleeping sickness?
Trypanosoma is a genus of kinetoplastids and belons to phylum Euglenozoa.
In general , Euglenozoa are the group of unicellular organisms those are known by the presence of flagella and a single nucleus. This phylum includes large variety of organisms, some of them survive in free-living state while others are parasite.
Hence , the parasitic members of Euglenozoa comprises of Trypanosoma brucei, that is responsible for causing African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness in humans and animals, also the Leishmania species, which cause leishmaniasis, is a disease that impact on skin and many internal organs.
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which proposed representational system is the least likely to be in place in the human visual system? a. specificity coding b. distributed coding c. representation by a small number of neurons d. sparse coding
The proposed visual system is indeed the percent less likely to be used by the human eyes because of its specificity coding.
What does the human eyes have specific training for?Detecting all electromagnetic energy what surrounds us is the process of seeing. Humans can only see a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Shape, color, velocity, and depth are all sensed either by visual photoreceptors on the retina.
Where is a significant portion of the visual data handled in this place?ocular cortex Here, processing of the images coming from your retina starts. The visual cortex, which has six layers, is the first part of your brain to analyze and recognize what it sees. These layers also handle form, color, and motion as well as depth perception.
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What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?
Answer: Sugar, starch, and fiber
Explanation: Sugars. They are also called simple carbohydrates because they are in the most basic form. ... Starches. They are complex carbohydrates, which are made of lots of simple sugars strung together. ... Fiber. It is also a complex carbohydrate.
what are facial muscles
The facial muscles are a group of about 20 flat skeletal muscles Originating mainly from the bones of the skull and inserting onto the skin Of the face, which produce facial expressions.
The facial muscles, also called craniofacial muscles or mimetic muscles. These are positioned around facial openings (mouth, eye, nose and ear) or stretch across the skull and neck. Thus, these muscles are categorized Into several groups;
Muscles of the mouth (buccolabial group)
Muscles of the nose (nasal group)
Muscles of the cranium and neck (epicranial group)
Muscles of the external ear (auricular group)
Muscles of the eyelid (orbital group)
All of the facial muscles are innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII) and Vascularized by the facial artery.
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is glucose a monosaccharide
Yes, glucose is a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, which cannot be broken down into simpler sugars.
Glucose is a six-carbon sugar (hexose) with the molecular formula C6H12O6, and it is the most common monosaccharide found in nature. Glucose is an important source of energy for living organisms, and it is a primary component of many carbohydrates, including starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
It is also a primary fuel for the brain and the central nervous system. Other examples of monosaccharides include fructose and galactose. They are commonly found in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods, as well as in dairy products and some types of meat.
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what part of the nucleotide determines the genetic code to build a protein?
The sequence of nitrogenous bases within the nucleotide determines the genetic code to build a protein.
Specifically, the sequence of the four different nitrogenous bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) - in a DNA nucleotide determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Each amino acid is specified by a codon, which is a three-nucleotide sequence in the DNA.
The order of the codons in the DNA determines the order in which the amino acids are assembled during protein synthesis. Therefore, the sequence of the nitrogenous bases within the nucleotides plays a critical role in determining the genetic code for building a protein.
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Which is not part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
A. Alveoli
B. Trachea
C. Larynx
D. Nasal cavity
E. Bronchi
The conducting section of the respiratory system does not include alveoli.
What does the term "respiratory system" mean?The respiratory system is a biological system found in both plants and animals that is made up of certain organs and structures used for gas exchange. The anatomy and physiology that contribute to this vary considerably depending on the size of the creature, its habitat of habitation, and its evolutionary history.
The respiratory system is what?Your lungs, airways, and blood arteries are part of it. The respiratory system also includes the muscles that move your lungs. Together, these elements aid in the body's oxygen circulation and waste gas elimination.
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which field of biology is also an interdisciplinary science in its own right
Neurobiology field of biology is also an interdisciplinary science in its own right.
Neurobiology is a scientific subject that studies the nerve system and brain function. Neurobiology research findings improve both neuroscience and physiology. The central and peripheral nervous systems are both part of the vertebrate nervous system.
Why do we research neurobiology?The study of the nervous system enhances our understanding of our basic biology and how our bodies function. Understanding how things work in general might help throw light on what might happen when there are issues. It can assist researchers in discovering strategies to prevent or treat disorders affecting the brain, neurological system, and body.
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A population of fruit flies was starved until 80% of the flies were dead. The remaining flies were fed and offspring were produced. What do you expect to see in the next generation if you repeat the starvation experiment?
1. More flies will be alive after 20 hours.
2. Fewer flies will be alive after 20 hours.
3. Fruit flies fed after 80% of the population is dead will lay more eggs.
4. No change in the average number of fruit flies that were alive after 20 hours.
Option 1 is correct. The average value for the characteristic stays roughly the same and the variation for the trait reduces in a population where a fly is subject to stabilising selection over time.
If evolution has taken place, variations and species that have diverged from a common ancestor should have a great deal of anatomical characteristics. The majority of features should be shared by the species that have the most recent common ancestor. When environmental factors favour particular features that are passed on to offspring, natural selection takes place.
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Question 2 of 10
The diagram summarizes the electron transport chain of cellular respiration.
(e-
Enzyme complexes
H+
NADH
FADH₂
Enzyme complex
Electron transport chain
OA. The inner membrane
OB. The matrix
Based on the diagram, in which part of a mitochondrion does electron
transport happen?
Intermembrane space
C. The enzyme complexes
D. The intermembrane space
Matrix
In The inner membrane of a mitochondrion does electron transport happen.
Define electron transport chain .
An electron transport chain is a collection of protein complexes and other molecules that couple protons (H+ ions) across a membrane with the transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occur concurrently). The ETC receives its electrons from NADH and FADH2 through the cooperation of four big multisubunit enzyme complexes and two mobile electron carriers. The electron transport pathway contains a large number of membrane-bound enzymes.
The electron transport chain uses the energy produced by the reactions between oxygen and reduced substances like cytochrome c and (indirectly) NADH and FADH2 to pump protons into the intermembrane region, creating the electrochemical gradient over the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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what is the autosomal recessive pedigree
When a kid receives one copy of a mutant (changed) gene from each parent, autosomal recessive inheritance may develop. in order to convey a genetic disease or characteristic from the parent to the kid.
When a characteristic or ailment is brought on by a recessive gene found on an autosome, a genetic family tree known as an autosomal recessive pedigree can be used to demonstrate how it is inherited (one of the non-sex chromosomes).
The feature or condition in an autosomal recessive pedigree often only manifests in those who have two copies of the defective gene (one inherited from each parent). Carriers are people who only have one copy of the mutant gene.
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how many carbon atoms are in each rubp molecule
Answer:
5 carbon atoms
RuBP has 5 carbon atoms.
Explanation:
DNA fragments are negatively charged and travel to the positively-charged electrode in capillary electrophoresis. TrueorFalse
True. In capillary electrophoresis, negatively charged DNA fragments move towards the positively charged electrode.
Due to their negative charge, DNA fragments gravitate towards to the positive electrode. Smaller DNA fragments migrate through the gel more quickly than larger ones because they all have the same charge per mass. DNA has a positive charge and is drawn to an agarose gel that has a negative charge. Negatively charged molecules like DNA and RNA will be drawn to the positively charged top of the gel. The negative charged fragments are pushed into the capillaries by a high-voltage charge delivered to the buffered decoding procedure. Because larger pieces move through the matrix more slowly than smaller fragments, the Plasmid dna are sorted based on size.
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what is true about the symbolic domain? knewton
The symbolic domain refers to a way of representing mathematical ideas using symbols and abstract concepts.
What occurs in a symbolic domain?
In this domain, mathematical equations, formulas, and expressions are used to represent relationships and solve problems. The symbolic domain is an important part of mathematics, as it allows for precise and rigorous reasoning and communication of mathematical concepts.
The symbolic domain is often used in fields such as mathematics, science, and computer programming, where symbols are used to represent complex concepts and ideas. Additionally, the use of symbols allows for generalization of ideas and the development of more abstract mathematical concepts.
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Would you want to visit a genetic counselor to determine if you or your future child had a genetic disorder? Why or why not?
Answer:
help you better understand your test results and treatment options, help you deal with emotional concerns, and refer you to other healthcare providers and advocacy and support groups.
Explanation:
systematists have used a wide variety of traits to reconstruct the phylogenies of particular groups of organisms. which one of the following traits produces a good estimate of phylogeny?
All traits which produces good estimate of phylogeny are Gross Morphological Traits, Molecular Traits, Biochemical Traits, Behavioral Traits.
The biologists known as systematists created a system for classifying and naming creatures.
The collective structures of an organism were described in this regard by gross morphological features. It made reference to every structure, both internal and exterior.
An organism's genetic variability was described by its biochemical and molecular features. In this instance, they argued that the trait in question is a crucial aspect of the organism.
The behavioral characteristics defined a few activities that were specifically identified to be unique to a certain kind of organism.
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how does the brain control anxiety
Answer:
The brain's limbic system, comprised of the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus and thalamus, is responsible for the majority of emotional processing.
Explanation:
An enzyme that catalyzes the cutting and resealing of DNA, and is translated from insertion sequences, is A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) DNA helicase. D) transposase. E) DNA polymerase.
Answer:
D,Transposases
Explanation:
Transposases are enzymes that catalyze the movement of genetic material from one location in the genome to another. They do this by cutting the DNA at a specific location and then resealing it at a different location, effectively moving the genetic material from one place to another. Transposases are often encoded by transposable elements or "jumping genes" that can move within a genome and cause genetic mutations or changes. The process of transposition can lead to genetic diversity and can also play a role in the evolution of organisms.
A wet mount requires the addition of certain dyes and cell fixatives approximately 12 hours before viewing the specimen. true or false.
False, a wet mount requires the addition of certain dyes and cell fixatives approximately 12 hours before viewing the specimen.
What is wet mount?
A wet mount is a simple and quick technique used to observe living organisms under a microscope. It involves placing a small sample of the specimen in a drop of liquid, usually water or saline solution, on a microscope slide, and covering it with a cover slip. The liquid helps keep the specimen alive and also allows for easy movement and observation.
There is no need to add dyes or cell fixatives to a wet mount. These types of preparations are typically used for more advanced techniques such as staining and fixing, which require additional steps and may take longer to prepare.
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