What is cohesion definition in biology?

5. Water mould. Water moulds include both parasites and decomposers that cause late potato blight and grape powdery mildew.

They are believed to have developed from single-celled organisms that fused with and ingested green algae. Its three-membraned chloroplasts contain photosynthetic pigments resembling those of green algae. Brown algal (Phaeophyceae), alga (Chlorophyta), or red algae are the three main categories of macroalgae (Rhodophyta). Water moulds include both parasites and decomposers that cause late potato blight and grape powdery mildew. Red algae have phycobilins as well as other accessory pigments that enable them to absorb light waves that can travel across deep water and utilise those waves for photosynthesis. Chlorophytes and streptophytes are the two sister groups that make up the phylum Viridiplantae. Land plants with their closest marine algae relatives are classified as streptophytes.

(Which of these groups includes both aquatic decomposers and the parasites responsible for the powdery mildew of grapes and late potato blight?

1. plasmodial slime molds

2. diatoms

3. plants

4. red algae

5. water molds)

Learn more about parasites

https://brainly.com/question/14293887

#SPJ4

The correct option is C ; Animals usually ingest their food first, before they digest it.

The most striking similarity between fungi, plants, and animals is that they are all living organisms belonging to the domain Eukarya, which means they are all composed of eukaryotic cells.

These are cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and a variety of functional organelles that serve the entire organism. The most striking similarity between fungi, plants, and animals is that they are all living organisms belonging to the domain Eukarya, which means they are all composed of eukaryotic cells. These are cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and a variety of functional organelles that serve the entire organism.

Learn more about Eukarya

https://brainly.com/question/2272909

#SPJ4

Answer:

Explanation:

The main difference between root and leaf cells is that leaf cells contain chloroplasts while root cells do not

The chemical reaction equation  C6H12O6+602 →→→ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + heat + ATP represent the law of conservation of energy that energy cannot be created or destroyed? because we can observe the same components in the reactants and products.

The law of conservation of energy is a scientific model explaining energy cannot be created or destroyed in the universe.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the law of conservation of energy show that the amount of reactants should be equal to products.

Learn more about the law of conservation of energy here:

https://brainly.com/question/166559

#SPJ1

The equation above represent the law of conservation of energy being that the energy broken down in the reactant side is released as heat and energy in the product.

The law of conservation of energy is a principle stating that energy may not be created or destroyed.

Endothermic reactions absorb energy, and exothermic reactions release energy. Whether a chemical reaction absorbs or releases energy, there is no overall change in the amount of energy during the reaction.

According to this question, the chemical equation of cellular respiration is given. Glucose is broken down to release energy in form of ATP and heat.

This shows that the amount of energy does not change in the product and reactant sides.

Learn more about conservation of energy at: https://brainly.com/question/29775341

#SPJ1

Since the two sucrases are evolutionarily very similar and catalyze the same reaction, their ΔG∘ values for catalysis are likely to be very similar, and hence, the same, thus option D is correct.

Enzymes do not affect the thermodynamics of a reaction, only the kinetics. The ΔG∘ for a reaction represents the maximum amount of work that can be obtained from the reaction and is independent of the rate at which the reaction occurs. Enzymes lower the activation energy for a reaction, thereby increasing the rate at which the reaction occurs. The ΔG∘ for the reaction is not affected by the enzyme, so the ΔG∘ for catalysis will be the same for both sucrases.

To learn more about the sucrases follow the link: https://brainly.com/question/29453524

#SPJ4

The four main parts which are present in a flower are the petals, sepals, carpel and the stamen.

The stamens are basically the male part of the flower whereas on the other hand, the carpels form the female part. Most of the flowers are hermaphrodite which basically means that they contain both the male as well as the female parts.

Sepals are basically leaf-like, small parts which are usually found growing at the base of the petals of the flowers. The sepals are known collectively as the calyx. Petals lie right above the sepal layer. They are usually very bright in color and this is because their function is to attract pollinators like butterflies and insects to the flower.

To know more about flower

https://brainly.com/question/10695909

#SPJ4

If you are rising into the cerebral hemispheres from the spinal cord, you would pass through would be as follows: Fourth ventricle, Cerebral aqueduct, Third ventricle, Interventricular foramen, Lateral ventricles.

Fourth ventricle: This is the first ventricle that you would encounter. It is located in the brainstem, just above the spinal cord. Cerebral aqueduct: This is a narrow channel that connects the fourth ventricle to the third ventricle. Third ventricle: This ventricle is located in the diencephalon, which is the region of the brain that sits between the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres. Interventricular foramen: This is a small opening that connects the third ventricle to the lateral ventricles. Lateral ventricles: These are a pair of large, C-shaped ventricles that are located in the cerebral hemispheres. The two lateral ventricles are connected to each other via a small opening called the interventricular foramen, So, in summary, the sequence of ventricles and connecting spaces that you would pass through when rising into the cerebral hemispheres from the spinal cord would be: fourth ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, third ventricle, interventricular foramen, and lateral ventricles.

Learn more about fourth ventricle here:

https://brainly.com/question/28329492

#SPJ4

A tiny cell. Reason: a cell's ability to exchange materials decreases as it becomes bigger.

A tiny cell could be more effective at exchanging materials with its surroundings because material would be distributed more uniformly inside the cell once it entered. Since they have a larger surface area relative to their size, smaller units are more effective at exchanging substances than large cells. A smaller cell is more efficient than a bigger cell at transporting goods, including waste products. Cells can take on a wide variety of forms. The function of a cell is somewhat governed by its form.Smaller cells have such a considerably higher surface area per volume ratio, which enables material to diffuse quickly and effectively throughout the volume of the cell.

Learn more about cell

https://brainly.com/question/30046049

#SPJ4

Brent is running on a hot day. His body operates best when its inner temperature is 98.6F. If Brent's body temperature climbs above 98.6F, negative feedback provided by sweat will keep it from climbing too high.

What is temperature?

To know more about temperature, click the link given below:

https://brainly.com/question/11464844

#SPJ1

The correct answer is D. Combustion similar to cellular respiration as It needs glucose and oxygen to occur.

Combustion and cellular respiration both involve the oxidation of organic molecules to release energy. Combustion is a non-biological process that occurs in the presence of oxygen, while cellular respiration is a biological process that occurs within living organisms. Both processes require a fuel source, such as glucose, and oxygen to occur.

During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to release energy in the form of ATP, while in combustion, organic fuels are oxidized to release energy in the form of heat and light. Combustion and cellular respiration both result in the release of carbon dioxide into the environment, although combustion typically releases more carbon dioxide per unit of fuel oxidized than cellular respiration.

Learn more about Respiration:

https://brainly.com/question/22673336

#SPJ4

Scientific journals which focus almost exclusively on sports nutrition include the International Journal of Exercise Metabolism and Sports Nutrition.

These journals are devoted to the research and dissemination of topics that focus on the role of nutrition in sport and exercise performance, and the physiological and metabolic changes that occur during exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, and Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism .They publish articles on topics such as the impact of diet on muscle growth and recovery, the effects of specific nutrients on sports performance, and the importance of hydration. The journals also provide nutrition-related resources and information for athletes, coaches, and other practitioners who work with athletes.

learn more about Metabolism Refer:brainly.com/question/29763323

#SPJ4

In photosynthesis, autotrophs use energy from the sun to change over water from the dirt and carbon dioxide from the air into a supplement called glucose. The correct answer is (B) the air.

The photoautotrophs are the vitally essential makers, changing over the energy of the light into synthetic energy through photosynthesis, eventually constructing natural particles from carbon dioxide, an inorganic carbon source.

Notwithstanding energy, all types of life require carbon sources. Autotrophic organic entities (chemosynthetic and photosynthetic microorganisms, green growth, and plants) get this fundamental component from carbon dioxide.

Photosynthetic autotrophs catch light energy from the sun and assimilate carbon dioxide and water from their current circumstance. Utilizing light energy, they consolidate the reactants to deliver glucose and oxygen, which is a side effect. They store the glucose, for the most part as starch, and they discharge the oxygen into the environment.

To learn more about photosynthesis here

https://brainly.com/question/1757345

#SPJ4

Phytosterols, zoosterols, and mycosterols are the names given to the sterols that are found in the membranes of plants, animals, and microbes, respectively.

Cholesterol is the predominant zoosterol, while phytosterols such -sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol make up the majority of zoosterols in plants. These sterols are all 5-sterols, while 7-sterols could possibly be found in trace amounts. Sterols are molecules having a structure similar to a sterol but without an endocyclic double bond. Methyl sterols, sometimes referred to as triterpenyl alcohol, feature an extra methyl group at carbon-4 in the molecule's A-ring. In plant membranes, methyl and dimethyl sterols are frequently found with sterols. Sterols are typically absent from the membranes of bacteria, but they are highly accumulated in yeasts. Several types of sterols are produced by algae.

Learn more about algae here:

https://brainly.com/question/4289110

#SPJ4

Option a , c)Thoracic  and  sacrum  and coccyx  are vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve.

Kyphosis is a spine curvature that is unusually severe in the thoracic and sacral areas. Lordosis is the abnormal inward concave lordotic curving of the cervical and lumbar portions of the spine. It can be caused by degenerative disc disease, developmental anomalies, most notably Scheunemann's disease, Copenhagen disease, osteoporosis with vertebral compression fractures, multiple myeloma, or trauma.

A typical thoracic spine spans from the first to the twelfth thoracic vertebrae and has a mild kyphotic inclination ranging from 20° to 45°. Kyphosis or "hyperkyphosis" occurs when the "roundness" of the upper spine exceeds 45°. Scheuermann's kyphosis is the most common type of hyperkyphosis and is caused by wedged vertebrae that grow during adolescence.

Learn more about vertebral areas

https://brainly.com/question/4389352

#SPJ4

Answer:

Atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls. This buildup is called plaque. The plaque can cause arteries to narrow, blocking blood flow. The plaque can also burst, leading to a blood clot.

Although atherosclerosis is often considered a heart problem, it can affect arteries anywhere in the body. Atherosclerosis can be treated. Healthy lifestyle habits can help prevent atherosclerosis.

Explanation:

Blood cell responsible for blood clotting is Platelets or thrombocyte.

In general , Platelets are considered as a small or  irregular shaped fragment of cell.  These are manufactured in  bone marrow and are present in the blood. They are actively involved  in the process of hemostasis, which is the body's natural process of stopping bleeding.

Also, when the  blood vessel get damaged, platelets moves at the site of injury and form a plug, that stop the bleeding. It takes the first step in the process of blood clotting, that as result leads to the formation of a stable blood clot and stop further bleeding.

To learn more about Platelets  , here

brainly.com/question/11333832

#SPJ4

Greenhouse gases have the biggest impact on atmospheric temperatures when they are at their highest levels.

This is due to the fact that larger concentrations of greenhouse gases trap more heat in the atmosphere, raising world average temperatures.

The "greenhouse effect" is created by increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases in the atmosphere, which behave like a blanket in the atmosphere, trapping heat and warming the globe.

Due to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, this might cause more extreme weather conditions, such as heat waves and droughts, as well as an increase in sea level.

More air pollution and health concerns associated with climate change can result from the atmosphere's composition being altered by higher amounts of greenhouse gases.

The most heat is trapped and the most substantial changes in the climate are visible when greenhouse gas concentrations are at their peak, which has the most influence on atmospheric temperatures.

To learn more about greenhouse effect visit:

https://brainly.com/question/2241458

#SPJ4

Hormone-producing endocrine glands release their compounds directly into the bloodstream. You can think of hormones as chemical messengers.

The hormones travel to their target cell from the blood stream to communicate with the body and cause that cell to alter or have a certain effect. The bloodstream carries the hormones that the endocrine glands produce throughout the body. The hormones travel via binding to water-soluble proteins that carry them through the watery environment of the circulation.

These transport proteins help the hormones reach their target cells while preventing the liver and kidneys from chemically modifying, inactivating, or removing them from the body. A hormone is a molecule that is produced by a gland and transported throughout the body by the blood.

Learn more about hormones Visit: brainly.com/question/4678959

#SPJ4

Option 1) Sunlight and water  are  two major factors are involved in the conversion of primary pollutants into secondary pollutants.

Primary air pollutants are those that are created and released from specific sources. Particulates, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur oxide are a few examples.

Airborne primary contaminants are introduced directly. They consist of heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulates, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and carbon oxides. Primary pollutants result in secondary pollutants. These include chemical evaporation, ground-level ozone, and photochemical smog.

Learn more about  primary pollutants

https://brainly.com/question/23615409

#SPJ4

Full Question: What two major factors are involved in the conversion of primary pollutants into secondary pollutants?

Sunlight and water

Sulfates and sunlight

Water and volatile organics

Nitrogen oxides and sulfates

Answer: Kangaroo rat and rabbit

Explanation:

Kangaroo rats and rabbits are primary consumers in the desert biome. Therefore, options C and D are correct.

An organism that consumes primary producers is referred to as a primary consumer. Animals that eat plants, and herbivores are frequently the main consumers. Because they must consume other things in order to thrive, they are known as heterotrophs.

Animals that only eat plant stuff are considered primary consumers. They are herbivores, like cows, sheep, deer, and caterpillars.

Kangaroo rats and rabbits are primary consumers in the desert biome. Therefore, options C and D are correct.

Learn more about consumers, here:

https://brainly.com/question/28790383

#SPJ1

The significance of Gram-positive versus Gram-negative bacteria lies in their differences in cell wall structure, which has important implications for their biology, pathogenesis, and susceptibility to antibiotics.

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, which stains purple when exposed to crystal violet and iodine during Gram staining. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, which is surrounded by an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

The significance of these structural differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria lies in their susceptibility to antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteria are generally more susceptible to antibiotics that target the cell wall, such as penicillin and cephalosporins, because the thick peptidoglycan layer is a key target for these drugs.

In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant to these drugs because the outer membrane and LPS layer act as a barrier to prevent the drugs from reaching the peptidoglycan layer.

To know more about Gram-negative bacteria here

https://brainly.com/question/13794411

#SPJ4

In the 1960s, a woman's average foot size in the United States was 6.5. In the 1970s, it reached 7.5. The typical female foot in the US was a size 6.5 in the 1960s (equal to a UK size 4) and increased to a size 7.5 in the 1970s (UK 5).

Although there are no official figures available, anecdotal information from shoe sales staff suggests that the typical shoe size for ladies right now is roughly a U.S. 7 to 8.

Some people might be surprised to learn that the average American woman's foot size ranges from an 8.5 to a 9, as opposed to the 7.5 it was on average until quite recently. Yet, it is not simply a British phenomenon.

Learn more about average shoe Visit: brainly.com/question/4746947

#SPJ4

Reduced disulfide connections enhance inherent viscosity, implying that spherical proteins are unfolding to loose, growing random coil chains. This is known as denaturation.

Globulular proteins, also known as spheroproteins in biochemistry, are spherical ("globe-like") proteins that are one of the most frequent protein forms (the others being fibrous, disordered and membrane proteins). Globular proteins, unlike fibrous or membrane proteins, are moderately water-soluble (form colloids in water).

Globulular proteins include hemoglobin. It transports oxygen in the blood. Proteins with globular structures are round or spherical in shape.

Learn more about Globulular proteins

https://brainly.com/question/28326294

#SPJ4

Full Question: What happens when globular proteins are denatured?

Punnett squares are used to get probabilities of getting the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a cross. 1) Genotype 1/2 YY: 1/2 Yy. 2) Phenotype: 4/4 Yellow seeds. 3) 100% probabilities of having yellow seeds. 4) 50% probabilities of being homozygous dominant

The Punnett square is a graphic representation that shows the different types of gamete combinations according to the alleles involved in a cross.

Punnett square shows the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and their consequent phenotypes.

In the exposed example, we need to cross an individual who is heterozygous for seed color with another individual who is homozygous for yellow seeds.

Cross: heterozygous with homozygous dominant individuals

Parentals) Yy   x   YY

Gametes) Y   y    Y    Y

Punnett square)   Y      y

                  Y     YY     Yy

                   Y     YY    Yy

F1)

Genotype

Phenotype

100% of the progeny is expected to express yellow seeds.

1) Genotype 1/2 YY: 1/2 Yy.

2) Phenotype: 4/4 Yellow seeds

3) 100% probabilities of having yellow seeds

4) 50% probabilities of being homozygous dominant

You can elarn more about punnett squares at

brainly.com/question/25357981

#SPJ1

The oldest Arthropod lineage still existing is the Crustacea. The correct answer is option(d).

Arthropods are ineffectual mammals with an exoskeleton, a separate material, and paired slay and prepare animals for meat limbs. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their slay and prepare an animal for meat appendages and cuticles made of chitin, frequently mineralized accompanying calcium carbonate.

Crustaceans form a large, various bug taxon which contains aforementioned animals as decapods, source insignificant, branchiopods, fish rats, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis insignificant. The crustacean group may be considered a subphylum under the clade Mandibulata.

To know more about Arthropod refer to: https://brainly.com/question/20415873

#SPJ4

False. The ossicles are the three small bones in the middle ear that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. They are not directly involved in the control of the mandible, tongue, or larynx.

Mandibles are the lower jawbones in vertebrates, including humans. The mandible is the largest and strongest facial bone and forms the lower jawline. It is a U-shaped bone that articulates with the skull's temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint.

The mandible bone has several vital structures, including the mandibular condyle, which articulates with the skull at the temporomandibular joint, and the coronoid process, an attachment point for the temporalis muscle. The mandible also houses the lower teeth in dental alveoli and contains the mental foramen.

To learn more about the larynx, visit here:

https://brainly.com/question/27008578

#SPJ1

Skeletal muscle has striae, cylindrical cells, and many nuclei.

Since it lacks sarcomeres and as a result, striations, smooth muscles are considered involuntary non-striated muscle (bands or stripes). Single-unit smooth muscle and multiple - unit smooth muscle are its two subgroups. The whole sheet or bundle of smooth muscle cells that make up a single-unit muscle contracts as a syncytium.

The striations are caused by the contractile proteins' regular arrangement (actin and myosin). Muscle contraction is aided by the globular contractile protein actin and myosin. Skeletal muscle cells have many nuclei visible in a single cell as well.

To know more about Striations visit:

https://brainly.com/question/10103402

#SPJ1

D. a particular set of alleles at the a particular locus. The term "genotype" broadly refers to an organism's genetic make-up; in other terms, it characterises an organism's whole gene pool.

The phrase can also be used to describe to the genotypes, or different forms of the a gene, that an organism carries in a more specific meaning. The genetic configuration of a property that an organism inherits from its parents is called a genotype. The total set of genes that a child or adult acquired from each parent is referred to as the genotype. The genes we receive from our parents via reproduction determine our genotype. Our parents pass on to us all of the genes that make up our genotype, which is the genetic make-up of an organism.

Learn more about genotype

https://brainly.com/question/12116830

#SPJ4

Molecular genetics is the study of the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.

Generally,  It combines molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry to understand how the information encoded in DNA is used to produce proteins and regulate the activity of cells.

It also examines the regulation of gene expression, the role of DNA in development, and the molecular basis of genetic diseases and mutations.

Read more about Molecular Genetics

https://brainly.com/question/4536457

#SPJ1