Predatory pricing is the practice called when a business prices its goods or services so low that other businesses can no longer compete and are driven from the market.
What is Predatory pricing?Antitrust rules are broken by predatory pricing because it leaves markets more open to monopolies. However, accusations of this technique can be challenging to prove since defendants may be successful in arguing that price reductions are a natural result of competition rather than a calculated effort to weaken the market. Furthermore, due to the challenges in recovering lost revenue and effectively removing competitors, predatory pricing doesn't always achieve its goal.
Consumers may benefit temporarily from a price war sparked by predatory pricing. Because of the increased competition, consumers may experience a buyer's market with cheaper prices, more negotiating power, and more options.
The benefits for consumers might swiftly disappear or even reverse if the price war is successful in eliminating all or even some of the market rivals. In a monopolistic market, the monopoly-holding corporation may be able to hike prices while remaining certain that the consumer has no other options.
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suppose the number of workers who had given up looking for work start looking for work. what happens to the unemployment rate?
If idle staff surrender trying to find jobs, they become “discouraged” staff and aren't any longer thought about as a part of the working class. However, since they're not idle, the nation's per centum truly decreases.
The working class is the addition of utilized and idle persons. The working class participation rate is that of the working class a p.c of the civilian noninstitutional population.
In easy terms, the per centum for any space is the range of space residents, while not employed and looking out for work divided by the full range of space residents within the working class.
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calculate the income elasticity if an 8 percent increase in income leads to a 4 percent increase in quantity demanded for organic produce.
The income elasticity of demand if an 8 percent increase in income leads to a 4 percent decrease in quantity demanded for organic produce is -2
What is income elasticity?The quantity of a good that is demanded in response to a change in consumer income is referred to as the income elasticity of demand in economics. The ratio of the percentage change in quantity required to the percentage change in income is used to calculate it.
A measure of the economic responsiveness of the quantity of an item or service demanded to a change in income is called income elasticity of demand. The percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income is the formula for determining the income elasticity of demand.
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ou take $150 you had kept under your mattress and deposit it in your bank account. suppose this $150 stays in the banking system as reserves and banks hold reserves equal to 12.5 percent of deposits.
The money supply grows by $131.25 while the total quantity of deposits in the banking system rises by $18.75.
What are Bank reserves?The minimal amount of cash that financial institutions must keep on hand in order to comply with central bank standards is known as bank reserves. The bank must store this actual paper money in a vault on the property or in an account with the national bank.Bank reserves are crucial because banks earn interest by lending money to the general public rather than keeping it in a Federal Reserve bank. Banks might be tempted to make riskier loans if they don't have held reserves. On a bank's annual report, reserves are viewed as an asset.So, the amount that the bank will keep in reserve is:
150/100 * 12.5
1.5 * 12.5
$18.75
Money that will increase the money supply: 150 - 18.75 = $131.25
Therefore, the money supply grows by $131.25 while the total quantity of deposits in the banking system rises by $18.75.
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Correct question:
Suppose you take the $150 you had kept under your mattress and deposit it in your bank account. suppose this $150 stays in the banking system as reserves and banks hold reserves equal to 12.5 percent of deposits.
The total amount of deposits in the banking system increases by ____ and the money supply increases by ____.
an important assumption that is often not satisfied in estimating costs is that the . multiple choice question. variance of errors must be the same across all levels process for which costs are being estimated remains constant over time errors in estimating the costs are dependent on the costs drivers
True, the variance of errors must be the same across all levels process for which costs are being estimated remains constant over time errors in estimating the costs are dependent on the costs drivers.
A cost driver is an element that creates or drives the cost of the interest. It is the basic purpose of why a particular fee came about. sports consume sources even as customers, products, and channels of production devour sports. expertise that is essential to the cost allocation idea of the usage of cost drivers.
Cost drivers are the direct cause of an enterprise rate. A cost-driving force is any pastime that triggers a fee for something else. An example of this will be how the amount of water your workplace makes use of in a month determines the charge of your water bill.
As you've learned, the most not unusual bases for predetermined overhead are direct exertion hours, direct hard work greenbacks, or system hours.
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in a time of inflation when the government budget is balanced in the conventional sense, the real (that is, deflated) value of the government debt is:
In a time of inflation when the real (i.e., deflated) value of the government debt is constant, then the conventionally: reported government budget will show a deficit equal to the inflation rate times the outstanding debt.
Inflation happens whilst charges rise in an economic system and/or the purchasing energy of cash loses price. Economists have diagnosed several viable causes for inflation from rising wages to increased combination calls for a boom within the delivery of cash.
At the same time as excessive inflation can be dangerous, too little inflation also can weaken the financial system. whilst the economy is struggling and inflation is simply too low, the Fed will take the alternative technique with the aid of lowering hobby rates or shopping for belongings to grow the coins stream.
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cash is used for all of the following activities except a.expanding current operations b.supporting current operating activities c.replacing worn-out machinery d.bribing government officials
Cash is used for all of following activities except bribing government officials.
What is bribery?Bribery is the act of providing, giving, receiving, or soliciting any thing of value in order to influence the behavior of a public official or another person in charge of carrying out a legal or public duty. Bribery is not the act of accepting gifts of money or other valuables that are otherwise available to everyone equally and are not given for illegal purposes. It is not bribery to give all buyers a discount or a refund; this is known as a legitimate rebate. For instance, it is acceptable for a Public Utilities Commission employee to take a rebate on an electric service that lowers their cost of electricity while the rebate is also offered to other home electric customers.
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Dozens of companies produce plain white socks. Consumers regard plain white socks as homogenous and don't care who manufactures their socks.A. Only a few sellers.B. No free entry.C. No a standardized product.D. Meets all assumptions.
Dozens of companies produce plain white socks. Consumers regard plain white socks as homogenous and don't care who manufactures their socks.
D. Meets all assumptions.
Manufacturing is the process of creating products by hand or machine, which the company then sells to a customer. Raw materials or small pieces of a larger product may be the items used in manufacturing. On a large-scale production line with specialized labor and equipment, manufacturing typically takes place.
The repetitive manufacturing process is used in basic manufacturing when one product is produced on an assembly line after another. The same or very similar products will be mass produced using these rapid manufacturing techniques around-the-clock.
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The pro forma statement of cash flows includes cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and ______ activities
Cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities are all included in the pro forma statement of cash flows.
What is financing activity?Financing operations refer to agreements made between a company and its owners and lenders to obtain or recoup resources. In other words, financial activities support a company's operations, help owners repay loans, and generate profits.. Offering and buying back equity are examples of financing activities.
Financing activities are transactions involving long-term liabilities, owner equity, and modifications to short-term borrowings. These procedures involve the transfer of cash and cash equivalents between the company and its sources of financing, i.e., investors and creditors, for non-trading commitments such long-term loans, bonds payable, etc.
What Is Financing Activities in Cash Flow Statement?In the cash flow statement, the cash flow between a company's owners and creditors is referred to as financing operations. It focuses on the business's capital raising and investor repayment processes.. The actions include issuing and selling stock, paying cash dividends, and adding loans.
If the business has received money, a positive number will appear on the cash flow statement. As a result, its assets are worth more now. On the other side, a negative number represents the company's capital outlays, such as dividend payments to shareholders or debt repayment.
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do unions have to accommodate which of the following are factors that the courts and the eeoc will consider when determining whether the employer has indeed reasonably accommodated the employee's religious belief? religious conflict
The statement is True. Unions have to accommodate which of the following factors that the courts and the EEOC will consider when determining whether the employer has indeed reasonably accommodated the employee's religious belief.
Union contributors paintings collectively to barter and put into effect a settlement with the control that guarantees the stuff you care about like decent raises, less expensive fitness care, job safety, and a strong agenda. higher offices and operating conditions without the worry of retaliation.
For the ones in the commercial quarter, prepared exertions unions fought for better wages, affordable hours, and more secure working situations. The exertions motion led efforts to prevent baby labor, supply health advantages, and provide useful resources to workers who had been injured or retired.
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you are considering an investment in a mutual fund with a 5% load and expense ratio of 0.5%. you can invest instead in a bank cd paying 1% interest. a. if you plan to invest for 5 years, what annual rate of return must the fund portfolio earn for you to be better off in the fund than in the cd? assume annual compounding of returns. (do not round intermediate calculations. round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
The annual return will be 8.69%. Front-end load fees talk over those fees that the capitalist should pay before investing in any investment firm or investment. it's expressed in proportion and calculated on the full quantity of cash invested at first.
Working Note-
Load expenses(L)=4%
Expenses ratio(E)= zero.5%
Return on CD(CDr)=6%
Assume the comeback provided by the mutual fund(MF) is going to be R.
n=2 years
ROR-Er-FeesCharged=CD Rate ROR-0.5%-0.75%=6% ROR=6%+05%+0.75%=8.69%
The total comeback on each investment is going to be similar at the tip of the two years.
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Javier recently graduated and started his career with DNL Inc. DNL provides a defined benefit plan to all employees. According to the terms of the plan, for each full year of service working for the employer, employees receive a benefit of 1.5 percent of their average salary over their highest three years of compensation from the company. Employees may accrue only 30 years of benefit under the plan (45 percent). Determine Javier’s annual benefit on retirement, before taxes, under each of the following scenarios (Use Exhibit 13-1): (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to the nearest whole dollar amount. Leave no answers blank. Enter zero if applicable.) Q: Javier works for DNL for six years and three months before he leaves for another job. Javier’s annual salary was $93,000, $103,000, $109,800, and $115,700 for years 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively. DNL uses a five-year cliff vesting schedule.
A qualifying employer-sponsored retirement plan known as a "defined benefit plan" bases payouts on a predetermined formula that takes the employee's length of service,
What is a defined benefit plan.Defined benefit pension plans provide recipients with security and predictability in their retirement, although being less frequent than defined contribution plans. Understanding this kind of retirement plan will help you decide whether it would be appropriate for the company to establish or how your pension functions. In this article, we define a defined benefit pension scheme, explain how it operates, list the benefits of this kind of retirement plan, and describe the various defined benefit plans and payment options.
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the unit selling price of a manufactured product is $100, and the unit variable costs are $60. if fixed costs are $600,000, what is the break-even number of sales units? group of answer choices
The break-even number of sales units is 150000 units.
What is break-even?
The break-even point (BEP) is the point during which total costs and total revenues are equal, or "even," in economics, business, and particularly cost accounting. Although opportunity expenses have been paid as well as capital has received this same risk-adjusted, expected return, there is no net gain or loss and the company has "broken even." In other words, all necessary expenses are covered, and neither a profit nor a loss is realised. The break-even point (BEP) as well as break-even level denotes the volume of sales necessary to cover all costs, which include both variable and fixed costs to the business, in either unit (quantity) as well as revenue (sales) terms.
The break-even number of sales units is:
= Fixed costs / (Unit selling price - Unit variable costs)
= $600,000/ ($100 - $60)
= $600,000/ $40
= 150000 units
Therefore the break-even number of sales units is 150000 units.
Hence 150000 units is a correct answer.
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assume a consumer has a horizontal demand curve for a product. his consumer surplus from buying the product question 13 options: a) can't be calculated. b) equals zero. c) is maximized. d) need more information.
Assume a consumer has a horizontal demand curve for a product. his consumer surplus from buying the product :b) equals zero.
What is demand curve?
Demand curve can be defined as a graph that help to display the price of product as well as the quantity that was demanded at a particular period of time.
On the other hand consumer surplus can be defined as the way in which the price that a person pay for the goods they bought is lower that the price they intend to buy it.
Therefore the correct option is B.
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Pharoah Company purchased a new machine on October 1, 2022, at a cost of $89,200. The company estimated that the machine has a salvage value of $8,880. The machine is expected to be used for 72,500 working hours during its 8-year life. Compute the depreciation expense under the straight-line method for 2022 and 2023, assuming a December 31 year-end. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, eg 5,275.25.) 2022 2023 The depreciation expense under the straight-line method eTextbook and Media
Depreciable cost is $[tex]80320.[/tex]
The computation is shown below:
Depreciable cost is = Cost of new machine - salvage value
=[tex]$89,200 - $8,880[/tex]
= $[tex]80320[/tex]
Now Depreciation expense:
[tex]2022 $89,200($80320 ÷ 8 years ÷ 12 × 3 )[/tex]
[tex]2023 $72,500 ($80320 ÷ 8 years)[/tex]
, the same is to be considered
Therefore the depreciation expense for the year 2022 and 2023 is $89,200 and $72,500 respectively
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True or false: programmed decisions are more likely to occur at the top management level.
It is FALSE that, Programmed decisions are more likely to occur at the top management level.
To arrive at a solution or a conclusion, decisions that are made according to a plan or rule are referred to as programmed decisions. To put it another way, managers routinely and repetitively make decisions of this nature. They adhere to formal patterns and previously established rules. The creation of part-time workers' weekly schedules, decisions regarding employees who arrive late for work, and reordering office supplies are a few frequent examples of programmed decisions.Non-programmed decisions, in contrast to programmed decision-making, are poorly structured and made only once. Non-programmed decision-making is required for issues or circumstances where there isn't a clear set of rules or guidelines to adhere to. These are intricate and will affect society for a while. Adopting and adjusting to new technology, purchasing another business, and enhancing brand image are some examples of non-programmed decisions.Learn more about Programmed decisions, here
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a fixed price contract is an example of
A fixed-price contract is an example of transferring risk from an owner to a contractor.
What is a Contract?A contract is referred to as an agreement that is enforceable by law based on the consent of both the parties involved in the deal fulfilling all the elements of a valid contract.
A contractual arrangement having a structure and control for the delivered goods or services is known as a fixed-price contract. A fixed-price contract is an illustration of risk being transferred from the owner to the contractor. Contracts with set prices have the advantage of a pricing guarantee.
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which of the following statements are true about both monopolistic competition and monopolies? check all that apply.which of the following statements are true about both monopolistic competition and monopolies? check all that apply.which of the following statements are true about both monopolistic competition and monopolies? check all that apply.which of the following statements are true about both monopolistic competition and monopolies? check all that apply.which of the following statements are true about both monopolistic competition and monopolies? check all that apply.which of the following statements are true about both monopolistic competition and monopolies? check all that apply.
Price is above marginal cost and firms are not price takers are true about both monopolistic competition and monopolies. A monopoly is a type of imperfect competition in which a seller or producer captures the lion's share of the market share due to a lack of substitutes or competitors.
Monopolistic competition is a type of imperfect competition in which multiple sellers compete for market share by differentiating their products. When many companies offer competing products or services that are similar but not perfect substitutes, monopolistic competition exists. In a monopolistic competitive firms , the barriers to entry are low, and the decisions of any one firm have no direct impact on its competitors.
Above mention question is incomplete complete question is
which of the following statements are true about both monopolistic competition and monopolies? check all that apply. a) Price equals average total cost in the long run. b) Price is above marginal cost. c) Firms are not price takers. d) Firms can earn positive profit in the long run.
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Finance
Deals with the strategic financial issues associated with increasing the value of the business, while observing applicable laws and social responsibilities.
Finance addresses the strategic financial concerns related to boosting the value of the company while abiding by all applicable laws and social obligations.
Because businesses depend on cash, an organization's financial department makes sure that assets are available and that your company may conduct trade in practical methods. Money is a science and a work of art. Making informed decisions that are both intuitive and in light of careful computations is necessary for properly managing it.
Almost no business can function solely upon the revenue it generates through sales and services. On the other hand, there are instances when income is enough abundant to make up for these shortfalls. Typically, there are times when expenses for stock and capital upgrades exceed approaching money. The money department is in charge of handling this situation so that your company doesn't run out of money to pay its invoices and doesn't incur high revenue costs.
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Which of the following does not represent a company that requires up-to-the-second information?
a. 911 response units
b. stock traders
c. banks
d. construction companies
Answer: d. construction companies
Construction companies does not represent a company that requires up-to-the-second information. A construction firm can be defined as a particular kind of business, enterprise, or comparable organisation.
Established and engaged in the production of a wide range of buildings, developments, housing, paths, pavement, roads, motorways, and other sorts of construction projects. Generally speaking, there are five primary entity types: partnerships, S corporations, construction corporations, limited liability companies (LLCs), and sole proprietorships. LLCs, partnerships, S corporations, and C company are the most popular of these for building firms. It is the contractor's duty to investigate the suppliers and guarantee the calibre of the supplies being delivered to the construction sites.
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hannah adams is a senior sales manager in elmo corp., a rapidly growing company manufacturing personal computers and printers. in order to handle sales effectively, hannah insists on using the services of different groups of people from different departments within the company such as the sales, marketing, technical support, and finance departments. in this instance, hannah makes use of . team selling competitive marketing intelligence hybrid selling occasion segmentation sales force automation systems
Hannah insists on using the services of different groups of people from other departments within the company such as the sales, marketing, technical support, and finance departments. in this instance, hannah makes use of team selling.
A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an affiliation of people, whether or not herbal, felony or a mixture of both, with a selected goal. business enterprise members percentage a common motive and unite to achieve particular, declared dreams.
An enterprise is a felony entity fashioned by means of a group of individuals to engage in and perform a business—industrial or industrial—business enterprise. An organization can be prepared in diverse approaches for tax and economic legal responsibility functions depending on the corporate law of its jurisdiction.
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Do incentives affect producers?.
Changes in incentives cause people's behavior to change in predictable ways. Incentives can be both monetary and non-monetary in nature. Producers acting as consumers
How do incentives affect producers ?Prices Motivate People to Work and Produce-Prices act as a motivator because they represent the potential for profit. Rising prices encourage existing producers to produce more, while also encouraging new producers to enter the market.
Higher prices for a good or service provide incentives for buyers to buy less of it and producers to make or sell more of it. Lower prices for goods or services encourage buyers to buy more of the good or service and producers to make or sell less of it.
Giving incentives to businesses that sell their goods locally, such as retailers, will tend to harm other businesses in the community and undermine the program's potential economic benefits because the new firm's sales and jobs will come at the expense of existing businesses.
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company a is based in europe and does a large amount of business in the united states. the company fears that the euro will gain strength against the dollar, so it sets up a local production facility in the united states. this is a way to reduce exposure
The company fears that the euro will gain strength against the dollar, so it sets up a local production facility in the united states, This is a way to reduce economic exposure.
What is meant by economic exposure?
Economic exposure, also known as operational exposure, quantifies how unexpected changes in foreign exchange rates may affect a company's future cash flows (FX). Economic exposure is brought on by the unpredictable volatility of currency exchange rates, which makes it difficult to reduce.Economic exposure management is a collection of pricing plans, hedging methods, and other actions businesses take to safeguard themselves against the negative consequences of currency changes. Transaction exposure and operational exposure are two cash flow exposures that make up economic exposure.To learn more about Economic exposure refer,
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what are the odds that someone with 11.2 months of experience and 5 training credit hours completed the given task? whatis the classification of this person?
The odd that someone with 11.2 months of experience and 5 training credit hours completed the given task will be 2.0544
What do you mean by odds?
From given model fit ,
log ( odd ) = -10 + 0.6 * exp + 0.8 * tr
i.e. exp = 11.2
tr = 5
log ( odd ) = 0,72
whereby odd = 2.0544
Now , odd = p / 1 - p
odd = 2.0544
p = 2.0544 / 3.0544
p = 0.6726 > 0.5
Since , p > 0.5 we classify this person as " completed the task "
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Which of the following items are classified as non cash investing and financing activities. Issuance of common stock in exchange for land
Issuance of common stock in exchange for land is considered as an item of non-cash investing and financing activities.
A company's non-cash investing and financing activities do not results in any cash inflows or outflows. Nevertheless, such actions could still significantly impact a company's financial standing. Organizations often participate in investing and funding operations that don't produce any working capital, in contrast to the operating, investing, or financing activities that do. Therefore, your statement of cash flow does not contain these activities.
Only the operating, investing, and financing operations that have an impact on cash and cash equivalents are reported inside the statement of cash flows. However, because they may have a considerable impact on both present and future performance, certain non-cash investing and financing activities might be more meaningful for the users of the financial statements.
The complete question is here:
Which of the following is a non-cash investing and financing activity?
Payment of cash and dividendPayment of six-month note payablePurchase of merchandise inventory of accountIssuance of common stock in exchange for land.Learn more about financing activity here:
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what must be done by a limited partnership that is properly registered in one state in order to conduct business in another state?
To conduct business in another state, a limited partnership that has been legally registered in one state must get a certificate of registration there.
When two or more partners enter into a commercial venture together, a limited partnership (LP) is created, but the limited partners' liability is restricted to the amount of their investment. Having limited partners and a general partner with unlimited responsibility is an LP.
Every state allows corporations and LLCs to conduct business. To do business in a "foreign" state, i.e., any state other than the one in which it was formed, one must obtain permission from that state's business entity filing office.
You are free to create an LLC for your internet company in any state as a resident of California. You will register your business as a domestic LLC in your home state. Once your domestic LLC has been established, you can register your overseas LLC to conduct business in other states.
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shante is employed by a local pharmaceutical company where she earned $48,000 in 2021. during the year, she also had self-employment income of $18,000. her self-employment tax rounded to the nearest dollar is:
Shante is employed by a local pharmaceutical company where she earned $48,000 in 2019. During the year, she also had self-employment income of $18,000. Her self-employment tax rounded to the nearest dollar is: $2,543.
The employer share of the self-employment tax that self-employed taxpayers pay for AGI is deductible. Only self-employed individuals who derive their entire income from self-employment and/or the practice of a profession are eligible for the provision under Section 24(A)(2)(b) of the Tax Code, as amended, which allows an option of an 8% income tax rate on gross sales/receipts and other non-operating income over P250,000.00.
Whether or not the property is related to the taxpayer's trade or business, Section 1221 defines "capital asset" as property held by the taxpayer. A capital asset is not, however, a piece of property that is used in a taxpayer's trade or business and is of the type that is subject to the 167 allowance for depreciation.
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What should you monitor when you have a bank account?.
When we have a bank account, we should keep an eye on things and verify the correctness of our transactions and balance.
At least twice a week, you should check your bank account. The more frequently you should check your account, the more activity and transactions you make. You should verify the correctness of your transactions and balance. Our mobile app and internet banking make it simple to manage your account. You may identify possibly fraudulent activities and save financial losses by routinely monitoring your checking account. An identity thief could, for instance, get your debit card number and use it to make a minor test purchase in the hopes that you won't notice.
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consider a european call and put option on the same underlying stock with the same exercise price and remaining time to maturity. the current price of the stock is $70, the common exercise price of the options is $65,
A trader buys a call option with a strike price of $45 and a put option with a strike price of $40. Both options have the same maturity.
In psychology, adulthood may be operationally described as the extent of mental functioning (measured thru standards just like the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children) you'll be able to acquire, and then the level of mental functioning not increases an awful lot with age. but, past this, integration is also an element of maturation,[1] along with the combination of persona, in which the behavioral styles, reasons, and other traits of someone are step by step added collectively, to paintings together efficaciously with little to no battle among them, as a prepared whole,[2] e.g., bringing someone's numerous reasons collectively into a motive in lifestyles.
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in low-income countries, the ten most important causes of death for adolescents and young adults include:
Adolescent injuries and disabilities Violence Behavioral health drug and alcohol abuse nicotine usage HIV/AIDS other infectious illnesses. Due to poor poverty, early pregnancy, delivery are major causes of low income.
By income, what do you mean?The phrase "income" often refers to the total sum of cash, assets, and other value transfers received over a predetermined period of time in return for goods or services.
Unified definition of What are an example and income?The money that a person makes may be categorized as income at its most basic level. Various sources of income include salary, dividends, self-employment, etc. Taxable income and non-taxable income are the two main forms of income.
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the electronic communications privacy act (ecpa) allows interception of email and reading of stored email without a court order, but the ecpa makes an exception for business systems.
TRUE: ECPA makes an exception for the business systems
Exceptions of ECPA
FIRST The service provider is first protected by exceptions (AOL, Compuserve, etc.). These give the service provider the ability to defend itself from damage users might cause or from criminal activity users might be involved in. In light of this, the service provider may do the following without breaking the ECPA:
Keep a record of all messages sent and received, for example, to guard against fraud or misuse. Help a law enforcement officer who has permission intercept messages. Intercept messages as necessary to ensure service continuance or to safeguard the service provider's rights.Second, the interception may be justified based on consent. According to the interception, if one of the communication's parties gave their consent:
Any private citizen may intercept the message as long as the intent is not to commit a crime or other wrong that is protected by the law; publicity can be the grounds of a lawful interception. An electronic message may be intercepted by a police officer or by someone acting in accordance with the authority of the law. It is not against the ECPA for someone to acquire or reveal your communication if you upload it to a public bulletin board or to USENET;The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) is true of what?
The ECPA, as amended, provides protection for electronic, oral, and wire communications while they are being created, while they are being sent, and while they are being stored on computers. Email, phone calls, and electronically stored data are covered by the Act.
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