Answer:
Alzheimer disease is a neurologic disorder characterized by cortical nerve cell processes that have become twisted and dilated
Explanation:
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la respiration cellulaire aérobie, l'oxygène gazeux est combiné avec
des molécules alimentaires où
Answer:
La respiration cellulaire est l'ensemble des processus du métabolisme cellulaire convertissant l'énergie chimique contenue dans le glucose en adénosine triphosphate (ATP). Ces processus impliquent une succession de réactions chimiques formant des voies métaboliques qui appartiennent au catabolisme, c'est-à-dire qu'elles consistent à cliver les grosses molécules biologiques en molécules plus petites, ce qui libère de l'énergie ainsi qu'un certain nombre de déchets. Ces réactions sont globalement exothermiques, c'est-à-dire qu'elles produisent de la chaleur, la plupart étant des réactions d'oxydoréduction. De ce point de vue, la respiration s'apparente chimiquement à une combustion des nutriments, jouant le rôle de donneurs d'électrons (réducteur), en présence d'un accepteur d'électrons (oxydant).
La respiration est l'une des voies essentielles permettant aux cellules de produire de l'énergie métabolique pour leur développement et leur activité. Parmi les nutriments utilisés par les cellules des animaux et des plantes, on compte les glucides (ose), les peptides (acides aminés) et les lipides (acides gras), tandis que l'oxydant le plus fréquent dans les systèmes biologiques est l'oxygène moléculaire O2. L'énergie biochimique récupérée sous forme d'ATP peut ensuite être utilisée par des processus qui consomment de l'énergie tels que les biosynthèses, la locomotion ou encore le transport actif de substances chimiques à travers les membranes biologiques. La respiration aérobie requiert du dioxygène O2 pour produire de l'ATP. C'est la voie prépondérante de dégradation du pyruvate, issu de la glycolyse. Celle-ci se déroule dans le cytosol, mais le pyruvate doit pénétrer dans les mitochondries pour y être entièrement oxydé par le cycle de Krebs, lequel se déroule dans la matrice mitochondriale. Le cycle de Krebs convertit le pyruvate en dioxyde de carbone CO2 et en coenzymes réduites (NADH et FADH2), coenzymes dont les électrons à haut potentiel de transfert contiennent l'essentiel de l'énergie chimique des molécules dégradées. Ces coenzymes réduites sont alors oxydées par la chaîne respiratoire dans la membrane mitochondriale interne. L'énergie des électrons à haut potentiel de transfert permet de pomper des protons hors de la matrice mitochondriale vers l'espace intermembranaire. Il s'établit un gradient de concentration de protons à travers la membrane interne, lequel génère un gradient électrochimique suffisant pour actionner l'ATP synthase, une enzyme capable de phosphoryler l'ADP en ATP grâce à l'énergie emmagasinée dans ce gradient électrochimique. On appelle phosphorylation oxydative l'ensemble formé par la chaîne respiratoire et l'ATP synthase couplés par gradient électrochimique.
Les manuels de biologie indiquent généralement que chaque molécule de glucose entièrement oxydée par la respiration cellulaire est susceptible de produire 38 molécules d'ATP : 2 ATP issus de la glycolyse, 2 ATP issus du cycle de Krebs, et 34 ATP issus de la chaîne respiratoire. Ce rendement nominal n'est cependant jamais atteint en raison des pertes par dissipation du gradient électrochimique à travers la membrane interne des mitochondries ainsi qu'en raison du coût énergétique du transport actif du pyruvate depuis le cytosol jusqu'à la matrice mitochondriale, de sorte que les estimations actuelles s'établissent autour de 30 à 32 molécules d'ATP formées par molécules de glucose oxydée1.
La respiration aérobie est jusqu'à 15 fois plus efficace que la respiration anaérobie, qui produit seulement 2 ATP par molécule de glucose oxydée. Cependant, certains organismes anaérobie, comme les archées méthanogène, sont capables d'accroître ce rendement en utilisant d'autres accepteurs d'électrons finaux que l'oxygène.
Glycolyse
La glycolyse est une voie métabolique qui se déroule dans le cytosol des cellules de pratiquement tous les êtres vivants. Elle peut fonctionner de manière aérobie ou anaérobie, c'est-à-dire respectivement en présence ou en l'absence d'oxygène. Chez l'homme, elle conduit au pyruvate en conditions aérobies et au lactate en conditions anaérobies.
En conditions aérobies, ce processus convertit une molécule de glucose en deux molécules de pyruvate, avec production concomitante de deux molécules d'ATP. Plus précisément, il commence par consommer deux molécules d'ATP pour accroître la réactivité du glucose en vue de son clivage par l'aldolase puis en produit quatre par phosphorylation au niveau du substrat, avec production de deux molécules de NADH. La réaction globale de la glycolyse peut s'écrire :
glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 Pi + 2 ADP → 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H+ + 2 H2O + chaleur.
Explanation:más inteligente por favor
Define what is meant by specialised.
Answer:
Definitions of specialised. adjective. developed or designed for a special activity or function. synonyms: specialized specific. (sometimes followed by `to') applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique.
Explanation:
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The kidneys help to regulate the salt balance of the body. Normally, more than 99% of the sodium filtered at the ____________ is returned to the blood. Most of this sodium is reabsorbed at the ____________ .
Normally, more than 99% of the sodium filtered at the glomerulus is returned to the blood. Most of this sodium is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule.
The glomerulus are enveloped networks of capillaries found in the nephron of the kidney.The glomerulus are responsible for filtering and purifying blood plasma (such as sodium, phosphorus and potassium).The efferent arteriole emerges from each glomerulus, from which arises a network of peritubular capillaries and descending vasa rectus.Efferent fibers stimulate renin release and proximal tubular sodium reabsorption, thereby affecting renal and systemic vascular resistance.Reabsorption of the initial charge of the main solutes takes place in the proximal tubule.The reabsorption of water throughout the nephron follows the reabsorption of solutes.67% of the filtered water is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule by osmosis, with the reabsorption of sodium coupled to other solutes at this level being the generator of the osmotic gradient.Therefore, we can conclude that the sodium filtered at the glomerulus is returned to the blood. Most of this sodium is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule.
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WILL MARK BRAINLYIST!! (if mostly/ all correct)
1. According to the article "Drilling down into petroleum's impact on life on Earth", Peak oil is measured in RPRs (reserve-to-production ratios), which is recorded in years.
Question: Why does Iran have a higher RPR (80 years) than the United States (9 years)?
A. The United States consumes more oil than Iran.
B. Iran consumes more oil than the United States.
C. Iran produces more oil than the United States.
D. The United States produces more oil than Iran.
2. According to the article "Drilling down into petroleum's impact on life on Earth", carbon is a natural element that regulates Earth's temperature and makes the planet livable.
Question: Which event has led to major shifts in the carbon cycle becoming?
A. Peak oil has been reached this past decade.
B. Humans learned how to extract and burn fuel.
C. The API established units of measurement for oil.
D. Ancient algae and plankton were buried and crushed.
3.According to the article "Ask an Amazon Expert: Why we can't afford to lose the rain forest", how have humans impacted the Amazon rain forest in the last 50 years?
1. 20% of the rain forest is gone (Correct)
2. There are more roads and people there (correct)
3. Over half of the rain forest is protected (correct)
4. Extinct species have been reintroduced (NOT correct)
A. 1, 3 and 4
B. 1, 2 and 3 "correct answer" (ITS THIS ONE. B OR 1,2 and 3!!!)
C. 2, 3 and 4
D. 1. 2 and 4
4. According to the article "Ask an Amazon Expert: Why we can't afford to lose the rain forest", how is the Amazon rain forest connected to climate change?
A. Trees of the Amazon remove carbon dioxide from the air.
B. People of the Amazon produce most of the carbon dioxide that causes climate change.
C.Soil in the Amazon absorbs carbon dioxide.
D. Water in the Amazon River produces carbon dioxide, adding to climate change.
5. Which selection from the article "Scientists study Persian Gulf reefs for coral survival clues" identifies the biggest threat to coral reefs?
A. Warming waters spark bleaching events. Along with the bleaching, the ocean is becoming more acidic.
B. The researchers demonstrated that this new organism was the most commonly found algae throughout the gulf's coral reefs. They say it probably adapted as a result of the gulf's harsh conditions.
Answer:a d. c on second?
Explanation: United States produces more oil than most country's the states use more oil than iran
What is diabetes insipidus? How would the urine of someone with diabetes insipidus compare to that of someone with diabetes mellitus?
help plz
Answer:
In diabetes mellitus, the level of glucose in your blood, also called blood sugar, is too high. Your kidneys try to remove the extra glucose by passing it in your urine. In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't properly concentrate urine.
Explanation:
Explanation:
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't properly concentrate urine.
2) Given DNA strand: TAT GGT GAT GTG TAG
mRNA strand:
amino sequence:
Answer:
mRNA: AUA CCA CUA CAC AUC
Protein: ILE PRO LEU HIS ILE
What are the unique properties of carbon
carbon have high catination property means self linking property
What is the name for the structure that allows one way movement of blood from the atria to the ventricle on the oxygenated side of the heart?
The heart is a muscular organ of the body that pumps blood to the organs of the body. The name for the structure that allows one-way movement of blood from the atria to the ventricle on the oxygenated side of the heart is;
The Mitral ValveThe valves of the heart prevent the backward flow of blood from the heart. There are four types of valves, namely, the tricuspid valve, the mitral valve, the aortic valve, and the pulmonary valve.
The oxygenated part of the heart is the left side. The mitral valve regulates the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
Therefore, the mitral valve allows one-way movement of blood from the atria to the ventricle on the oxygenated side of the heart.
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11. All living things __________ waste. (REXETEC)
unscramble the word.
Answer:
All living things excrete waste, word unscrambled
What are the two most common types of secondary structure found in proteins?
1- α-helices and β-arrays
2- double stranded helices and β-arrays
3- α-helices and β-pleated sheets
4- β-spirals and α-turns
Answer:
1- α-helices and β-arrays
Choose the best answer that describes the Kuiper belt.
an area between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where 200 dwarf planets may exist
an area outside Neptune's orbit where an estimated 200 dwarf planets may exist
an area outside the orbit of where possibly another 20 planets could exist
an area where a thin band of icy objects orbit the Sun past Jupiter's orbit
Answer:
an area outside Neptune's orbit where an estimated 200dwarf planets may exist
Answer:
The answer would be choice B:
An area outside Neptune's orbit where an estimated 200 dwarf planets may exist
Explanation:
The video mentioned that there are two types of seismic waves that occur in the ground during an earthquake, primary (P
waves) and secondary (s waves). What important differences are there between P waves and S waves?
Answer:
P waves are longitudinal, whereas S waves are transverse.
P waves can travel through solids and liquids, whereas S waves can only travel through solids (this is why it can't travel through the core and the waves refract).
P waves travel faster than S waves.
Answer:
P waves travel faster and are less damaging than S waves.
Explanation:
Exact answer from Edmentum
6. Which is not a product of photosynthesis? nitrogen glucose water oxygen
How many chromatids does a human somatic cell contain at the end of G2 phase just prior to mitosis?
the offspring resulting from a cross between two organisms differing in one or more genes
Answer:
In other cases, each parent provides a different allele of a given gene, and the offspring is referred to as heterozygous ("hetero" meaning "different") for that allele.In mitochondria cristae act as sites for what
Answer:
Explanation:
The tubular or sheet-like cristae membranes are the main site of oxidative phosphorylation, harboring the complexes of the respiratory chain and the F1Fo-ATP synthase [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. Fig. 1. Mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) in yeast.
what is Infective stage of Giardia ?
Answer:
when passed in the stool or shortly afterward
Explanation:know it all
Which type of tree harvesting increases the chances of forest renewal?
Clear cutting
Strip cutting
Selective cutting
Slash and burn
Select cutting allows uneven aged trees as a result, it's more natural, and provides more diversity although it is more expensive
- BRAINLIEST answerer
The type of tree harvesting that increases the chances of forest renewal is Selective cutting.
What is Selective cutting ?Selective cutting exists as the cutting down of designated trees in a forest so that the growth of other trees exists not affected. This is done according to criteria concerning minimum tree size for harvesting, specifications of the numeral, spacing and size categories of residual trees per area, and allowable cut.
Selection cutting, also known as the selection system, stands the silvicultural practice of harvesting trees in a manner that drives a forest stand towards uneven-aged or all-aged circumstances, or 'structure'.
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Another name for 23.5 degrees south latitude is?
a.) The prime meridian
b.) The equator
c.) Tropic of cancer
d.) tropic of capricorn
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Answer: D tropic of capricorn
Explanation:
I got that right in class. Please mark brainliest it means a lot and thanks! <3
What are some of the differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic gene expression? I need several answers.
Answer:
Prokaryotic
Nucleus is absent
Membrane-bound nucleus absent.
One chromosome is present, but not true chromosome plastids
Unicellular
Lysosomes and Peroxisomes absent
Microtubules absent
Endoplasmic reticulum absent
Mitochondria absent
Cytoskeleton absent
Ribosomes smaller
Vesicles present
Golgi apparatus absent
Chloroplasts absent; chlorophyll scattered in the cytoplasm
Submicroscopic in size Flagella is present and made up of only one fiber
Cell wall chemically complexed
Vacuoles absent
Permeability of Nuclear membrane is not present
Sexual reproduction is absent
Endocytosis and exocytosis are absent.
It may have pili and fimbriae.
Eukaryotic
Nucleus is present
Membrane-bound Nucleus is present.
More than one number of chromosomes is present.
Multicellular
Lysosomes and Peroxisomes present
Microtubules present
Endoplasmic reticulum present
Mitochondria present
Cytoskeleton present
Ribosomes larger
Vesicles present
Golgi apparatus present
Chloroplasts present in plants
Microscopic in size, membrane-bound
Cell wall is present in plants and fungi and chemically simpler
Vacuoles present
Permeability of Nuclear membrane is selective
Sexual reproduction is present
Endocytosis and exocytosis occurred
Pili and fimbriae are absent
9. How are humans changing the soundtrack to the oceans?
Answer:
human-driven noise
Explanation:
The international team of researchers found human-driven noise – including vessel noise, coastal development, exploration, naval operations, dredging, pile driving, and deep-sea mining – is changing the natural soundtrack, and further disrupting the behaviour, reproduction and physiology of marine life.
I need help with dis there is two parts to it Bc there are graphs
Answer: its in the center
Explanation:
Salamander and Snake difference between
Answer:
https://wikidiff.com/salamander/snake
https://www.burkemuseum.org/collections-and-research/biology/herpetology/all-about-amphibians/what-are-salamanders
Explanation:
According to WikiDiff "snake and salamander, are that a snake is a legless reptile of the sub-order serpents with a long, thin body and a fork-shaped tongue while salamander is a long, slender, chiefly terrestrial amphibian of the order caudata, resembling a lizard or a newt." moreover "Salamanders are a type of amphibian; they have moist skin and are usually found in damp habitats near or in water. Salamanders are closer related to frogs despite how different frogs and salamanders look. Lizards are a type of reptile; they have dry skin with scales and are purely terrestrial (burkemuseum, 2021).
What do we produce from hydropower?
a. Gas
b. Electricity
C. Fuel
d. Nuclear energy
mudronowor is an established
Answer:
the answer is B. electricity
Which of the following statements apply to leukocytes? Select all that apply.
Multiple select question.
They eject major organelles when mature.
They are capable of protein synthesis.
They live approximately 120 days.
They retain their organelles throughout their life time.
They are not uniform in form and function.
Explanation:
leukocytes are white blood cells. mainly 4 killing bacterial infections.
Leukocytes are the specialized cells which are a part of blood. These are known as white blood cells. These protects the body. These produce antibodies. Thus, the correct options are B, D, and E.
What are Leukocytes?
Leukocytes are the white blood cells. These are a type of specialized cell type which is present in blood along with erythrocyte and plasma. Leukocytes are primarily responsible for protecting the body from pathogens and germs by producing antibody proteins which fight against these organisms.
Leukocytes are irregular in shape. They can change their shape to engulf or kill the bacteria which enters the blood to prevent disease. Erythrocytes change their shape which allows them to pass through the capillaries which are very tiny.
Therefore, the correct option is B, D, and E.
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4. What factors might affect bone strength?
Answer:
Bone strength is influenced by changes in the structure (size and shape) and composition [cortical (compact) bone, trabecular (sponge-like) bone, amount of cartilage] of the bone. 6 A high peak mass at a young age and the decrease of bone loss at a later age are two ways to reduce osteoporosis risk.
Explanation:
Answer:
Bone need enough Calcium
Explanation:
The amount of calcium in your diet. A diet low in calcium contributes to diminished bone density, early bone loss and an increased risk of fractures.
Physical activity. ...
Tobacco and alcohol use. ...
Sex. ...
Size. ...
Age. ...
Race and family history. ...
Hormone levels.
Are plants a source or sink of photosynthesis?
Answer:
source
Explanation:
where did you get this information?
Answer:
a friend who helped me.sometimes I try answering the questions my self.also I get some answers from this place.
7. How do dissolved minerals help in the formation of sedimentary rock?
The breaking of a large organic molecule into smaller individual subunits involves multiple ________. dehydration synthesis reactions osmotic reactions hydrolysis reactions hydrosynthetic reactions
Answer:
hydrolysis reaction
Explanation:
Hydrolysis reactions are the reverse of condensation reactions. In a hydrolysis reaction, a larger molecule forms two (or more) smaller molecules and water is consumed as a reactant. Hydrolysis ("hydro" = water and "lysis" = break) involves adding water to one large molecule to break it into multiple smaller molecules.
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