No one creates the substantive or statutory law applied by the International Court of Justice in cases before it.
The substantive or statutory law applied by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in cases before it is created by a variety of sources. The primary source of international law is treaties or conventions, which are agreements between states that set out their rights and obligations. The ICJ also draws on customary international law, which refers to longstanding practices and beliefs among states that are considered to have legal force. Other sources of international law include general principles of law recognized by civilized nations, judicial decisions, and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists.
The ICJ, like other international courts, applies international law to resolve disputes between states, as well as to provide advisory opinions on legal questions. The court does not create new law, but rather applies existing legal norms to the facts of the case before it. The decisions of the ICJ are considered authoritative interpretations of international law and can influence the development of the law in the future.
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URGENT PLEASE!!
Many companies rely on multilayered security systems that have become antiquated. What would you want in computerized security system and what threats would it counter?
Multi-factor Authentication: Multi-factor authentication is an important tool for protecting user accounts. It should be configured to require users to provide multiple credentials to gain access.
What is the authentication ?Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or device with the aim of ensuring that only authorized users or devices can access certain systems or resources. This is generally done by requiring users to supply a set of credentials such as username and password or biometric data.
1. Firewall: A firewall is a powerful tool for protecting your network from malicious traffic, such as viruses, hackers, and malicious software.
2. Intrusion Detection System (IDS): An IDS is designed to detect malicious activity, such as port scans, Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, and other malicious activities.
3. Encryption: Encryption is an important tool for protecting sensitive data, such as customer information and financial records.
4. Access Control: Access control is an important measure for ensuring that only authorized users have access to sensitive information.
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in which year were women granted the right to vote in the united states? a) 1919. b) 1920. c) 1921. d) 1922.
In the United States, women received the right to vote in b) 1920. After decades of battle by the women's suffrage movement, the US Constitution's 19th Amendment, which gave women the right to vote, was ratified on August 18, 1920.
A key component of democracy is the freedom to vote, which enables people to take part in politics and influence how their government is governed. It is a fundamental human right and the cornerstone of democratic nations. The right to vote has not always been guaranteed; historically, many groups, including women, minorities, and people of low wealth, have experienced prolonged suffrage denial. Voting rights have, however, been extended to a larger spectrum of people thanks to the hard work of activists and campaigners, ensuring that more voices can be heard and reflected in the political sphere. Voting rights are still an essential feature of democratic governance and civic engagement today.
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What is the legislative intent of the city council in drafting the ordinance?
It usually refers to people who are under the jurisdiction of the city and is meant to address matters of local concern.
What is jurisdiction?Jurisdiction refers to the authority or power that a court or legal system has over a particular territory, person, or subject matter. This includes the power to make legal decisions and enforce laws within a specific geographic area or over individuals or entities. Jurisdiction may be based on different factors such as where the crime or incident occurred, the nationality of the parties involved, or the subject matter of the case. It is important because it ensures that cases are heard in the appropriate court and that legal decisions are enforceable. Jurisdiction can be challenged by parties involved in a case, and disputes over jurisdiction may lead to legal challenges and appeals. The concept of jurisdiction is an important aspect of the legal system, as it helps to establish boundaries and ensure fairness in legal proceedings.
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Which speech can be restricted by government?
Governments have the authority to place some restrictions on speech to protect public safety, maintain public order, and safeguard national security.
However, the extent to which speech can be restricted varies depending on the country and its legal system. Here are some types of speech that can be restricted by the government. Incitement to violence: Speech that directly incites violence or lawless action can be restricted, as it poses a clear and present danger to public safety. Hate speech: Some governments restrict speech that promotes or incites hatred, discrimination, or violence against individuals or groups based on their race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or other characteristics. Obscenity: Speech that is considered obscene or sexually explicit can be restricted under certain circumstances.
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the fallacy that occurs when the author makes a general statement without qualifying it, so that the generalization appears to include all members of a group, is known as a(n)
The fallacy that occurs when the author makes a generalized statement without even qualifying it, so that it appears to include all the members within a group is known as a hasty generalization.
Hasty generalization may be taken into general understanding as the concept wherein the occurrence of informal fallacy is being made by the jury or the judge, owing to the incomplete and insufficient evidences being presented at the time of hearing being made thereunder. These generalizations are usually made without taking all the variables or evidences into consideration.
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Complete question
the fallacy that occurs when the author makes a general statement without qualifying it, so that the generalization appears to include all members of a group, is known as a ___________.
what amendment grants states the ability to make laws?
how did radical republicans ""manufacture"" an impeachment of andrew johnson?
The Radical Republicans in the US Congress did not manufacture the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson, but rather pursued it as a response to what they saw as his unconstitutional and obstructive actions.
Andrew Johnson became president after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865, and he clashed with Congress over the issue of Reconstruction, particularly regarding the treatment of newly freed slaves in the South.
Johnson vetoed several bills passed by Congress that aimed to protect the rights of African Americans and reestablish federal authority in the South.
In 1867, Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act, which prohibited the president from removing certain officeholders without the Senate's approval. Johnson violated the act by attempting to remove Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, who was sympathetic to the Radical Republicans' views on Reconstruction.
In response, the House of Representatives passed eleven articles of impeachment against Johnson, mostly for violating the Tenure of Office Act.
The impeachment proceedings in the Senate were contentious, with Johnson's defense arguing that the Tenure of Office Act was unconstitutional, and that Johnson had not intended to violate it.
However, after several votes, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority needed to convict Johnson, and he was acquitted.
So, while some might argue that the Radical Republicans were aggressive in their pursuit of Johnson's impeachment, it was not a fabrication, but rather a response to what they saw as his violations of the law and obstruction of their efforts to establish a more just and equitable society in the aftermath of the Civil War.
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a couple just built a 3,000 square foot home in a brand new subdivision. they have recently found out that a toxic waste dump is being built half a mile away. typically this will
They just learned that a toxic waste dump is being built half a mile away, which usually lowers the value of their home.
The required details for waste dump in given paragraph
An area designated for the disposal of waste is referred to as a landfill site, tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump, or dumping ground. The oldest and most popular method of disposing of waste is in a landfill, yet the practice of systematically burying rubbish under daily, intermediate, and final covers didn't start until the 1940s. In the past, garbage was just tossed into pits or piled up; this is referred to as a midden in archaeology.
Certain landfills are utilized for waste management tasks such transient storage, consolidation, and transfer, as well as for different stages of waste material processing.
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the development depicted in the excerpt had most in common with which of the following earlier developments?
The development depicted in the excerpt had most in common the earlier developments: expansion of the telegraph system during the Gilded Age
How did telegraph system expanded in Gilded Age?The telegraph was similar to many other nineteenth-century inventions. It supplanted an existing technology, drastically reduced costs, was monopolized by a single company, and was eventually supplanted by a newer technology.
Like most radical new technologies, the telecommunications revolution of the mid-1800s was not a revolution at all, but rather consisted of many inventions and innovations in both technology and industrial organization.
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how does the district commissioner violate the rights of the leaders of umuofia
The district commissioner violates the rights of the leaders of Umuofia by unilaterally imposing his authority on the leaders of the village without consulting them or obtaining their consent.
This violates the rights of the villagers to self-determination and to govern themselves. The district commissioner's actions are also contrary to the traditional values of Umuofia. The district commissioner's actions thus not only violate the villagers' rights, but also threaten to undermine the social fabric of their community.
Ultimately, the district commissioner's actions lead to a violent uprising by the people of Umuofia against the district commissioner and the British colonial authorities.
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why missouri votes against banning children from carrying guns in public?
Missouri votes against banning children from carrying guns in public as the house discussions concluded that it was not necessary.
A bill that would have prohibited kids from openly carrying weapons on public property without adult supervision was defeated on Wednesday by the Republican-controlled Missouri House of Representatives.
The provision was originally part of House Bill 301, a public safety bill established by a bipartisan working group on crime. Baringer took part in the working group.
Nevertheless, the clause prohibiting youngsters from openly carrying guns was removed when the measure was heard by the wider Crime Prevention and Public Safety Committee.
In most circumstances, Missouri lawmakers abolished the requirement for such a concelaed carry in 2017.
A lengthy House discussion on how to combat crime, particularly in the St. Louis region, included the legislation.
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which of the following statements about supreme court decisions related to executions under the eighth amendment is not accurate?
The inaccurate statement is The Supreme Court has outlawed the use of lethal injection as a mode of execution.
What is the eight amendment?The Eighth Amendment is a provision of the United States Constitution that prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment on individuals accused or convicted of crimes.
The text of the amendment reads: "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."
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Place the following affirmative action policy changes in order.A)-The supreme courts subjects affirmative action policies to strict scrutinyB)-President Johnson promotes minority employment among the federal civil service.C)-The federal government makes affirmative action a prominent goal
B) The federal civil service is encouraged to employ more people of colour by President Johnson. D) The federal government places a high priority on affirmative action. A) The Supreme Court closely examines affirmative action policies.
B) President Johnson encourages minority employment in the federal civil service.
C) The federal government prioritises affirmative action.
A) The Supreme Court examines affirmative action policies closely.
President Johnson's 1965 initiative to increase minority employment in the federal civil service is seen as the forerunner of today's affirmative action practises. The foundation for initiatives aimed at addressing past discrimination in employment and education was established by this presidential order. With several initiatives aimed at boosting diversity and providing opportunities for disadvantaged groups, the federal government later made affirmative action a top priority in the 1970s and beyond.
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Muckraking journalism, aimed at investigating and exposing corruption and scandal, is a reason magazines began to overtake newspaper readership.TrueFalse
It is true that the Muckraking journalism, which is for investigating and exposing corruption and scandal, is a reason magazines began to overtake newspaper readership.
What is Muckraking Journalism?A handful of American authors were drawn to reform and exposé literature prior to World War I to start Muckraking Journalism. The power of big business in a rapidly industrialising United States led to social problems, political and economic corruption, and the muckrakers' reporting on these issues was thorough and accurate.
In his speech on April 14, 1906, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt used the derogatory term "muckraker," using a line from John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Journey about "the Man with the Muckrake...who could see no way but downward." However the term "muckraker" also grew to have positive associations with social concern and brave presentation.
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TRUE/FALSE. Racial profiling studies consistently show that black drivers are more likely to have their cars searched, even though they are less likely to have contraband than white drivers.
Answer:
the answer would be false
what is one of senate qualification clause
No person may serve as a senator unless they are at least thirty years old, have been citizens of the United States for nine years, and are residents of the state for which they are being elected at the time of their election, according to Article I, Section 3, Clause 3.
The three requirements outlined in the Constitution for membership in the U.S. Senate are age, U.S. citizenship, and residency in the state a senator is elected to represent.
The upper house of the United States Congress, a tiny body of elected persons who make the nation's laws, is known as the United States Senate. Two representatives for each state in the US are chosen to serve in the US Senate. Senators are those people.
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Complete Question:
what is one of the senate qualification clauses?
the writer whose work encouraged the passage of the meat inspection act was
The writer whose work encouraged the passage of the Meat Inspection Act was Upton Sinclair.
The Jungle, a book by American author Sinclair, revealed the unfavourable working conditions in the meatpacking industry in the early 20th century. In 1906, Sinclair published The Jungle, which sparked a backlash from the public. He uncovered both the mistreatment of industry workers and the unhygienic circumstances under which meat was processed and marketed.
President Theodore Roosevelt was inspired by the novel's swift rise to national prominence to enact the Meat Inspection Act in 1906.
The Act mandated that meatpackers adhere to specified standards of hygiene and that all meat be examined for wholesomeness and sanitation.
Sinclair achieved a significant win with the Act's adoption since it addressed the problems with public health and safety that he had exposed in The Jungle.
Complete Question:
The writer whose work encouraged the passage of the meat inspection act was ______
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The Progressive era also witnessed numerous restrictions on democratic participation. New literacy tests and residency and registration requirements, common in the North and South, limited the right to vote among the poor. (true or false)
The given statement "The Progressive era also witnessed numerous restrictions on democratic participation. New literacy tests and residency and registration requirements, common in the North and South, limited the right to vote among the poor." is true as the progressive era saw a widespread political reform as well as activism.
The Progressive Era which was in the years 1896–1917, was basically a period of widespread social activism as well as the political reform which happened across the United States of America and basically focused on defeating the corruption, waste, monopoly, as well as the inefficiency.
It sought to address the problems which were basically caused by the urbanization, immigration, rapid industrialization, as well as the political corruption and also by the enormous concentration of the industrial ownership in monopolies. There was new literacy tests as well as restrictions applied to democratic participation.
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When parties to a dispute work out a solution for themselves without recourse to outside help or the courts, they have resolved the dispute through
a. Arbitration
b. Mediation
c. Negotiation
d. Novation
When parties to a dispute work out a solution for themselves without recourse to outside help or the courts, they have resolved the dispute through Negotiation. The correct option is C.
The process of settling disagreements between parties is referred to as dispute resolution or dispute settlement. Sometimes, the terms "conflict resolution" and "dispute resolution" are used synonymously.
It is also common for states to create their own arbitration tribunals to resolve conflicts. The International Court of Arbitration and the London Court of International Arbitration are renowned private international courts that resolve disputes between commercial private companies.
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when the result of a lawsuit at the trial court level is appealed, the successful party in the trial court is called the ________.
The successful party in the trial court is known as the appellee when the outcome of a litigation at the trial court level is appealed.
Is trial court and district court same?District courts settle disputes by gathering the relevant information and using legal standards to determine who is correct. Trial courts have a district judge who conducts the trial and a jury who renders the verdict.
What does an Indian trial court do?A court with original jurisdiction where trials are conducted is known as a trial court or court of first instance. Higher courts having the ability of appellate review typically hear appeals from the judgements of trial courts (appellate courts).
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navy-wide advancement exam nwae us citizenship requirments are determined by which entry
The navy-wide advancement exam NWAE US citizenship requirements are determined by the entry for the exam, specifically the Advancement Manual for the enlisted personnel of the US Navy and US Navy Reserve.
The manual outlines the eligibility requirements for the exam, including citizenship, as well as the process for taking and passing the exam. In general, to be eligible to take the NWAE, a sailor must be a US citizen or have legal permanent resident status and have completed certain training and time in service requirements.
The Navy-wide advancement exam is typically taken by junior enlisted personnel who are eligible for advancement to the next rank in the US Navy.
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although not strictly illegal, the u.s. why justice department disapproves of reciprocity because it
The US Justice Department may disapprove of reciprocity because it could compromise the country's legal system and sovereignty, lead to a race to the bottom in legal standards, or be used for political coercion or retaliation.
Reciprocity is a practice where one country recognizes and enforces the legal judgments of another country within its own jurisdiction. While reciprocity is not strictly illegal, the US Justice Department may disapprove of it because it could compromise the country's legal system and sovereignty. This could happen if the US recognizes the judgments of a country with a weak legal system or poor human rights record, which could put the US in the position of enforcing judgments that do not meet its legal standards or values.
Additionally, reciprocity could lead to a race to the bottom in terms of legal standards, where countries lower their legal standards to gain recognition from the US. Finally, reciprocity could be used as a tool for political coercion or retaliation, where the US is expected to recognize all judgments of a country as a political favor, even if they do not meet US legal standards. For these reasons, the US Justice Department may disapprove of reciprocity and may prefer to rely on other mechanisms for international legal cooperation.
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must one state honor the ruling of a state court in another state?
Yes, under article 4 section 1 of the constitution one state must honor the ruling of a state court in another state.
The article states that "Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State." Hence, one state is liable to honor and accept the ruling of a another state court whether it interprets the statute differently. The state courts are formed to act in their own jurisdiction on the basis of geographical area as addressed and issues and other state court cannot interfere in the jurisdiction of each other, only the Supreme Court was given the power to intervene in certain issues regarding some statutes and interpretation of laws by the constitution to keep a check on working of the state and regional judicial authorities.
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The Court Reporter said that after the jurors had heard the testimony of the convicts they were returned to their cells for the night. One can only conclude that the jurors' rights have been violated, since jurors are not supposed to be locked up in cells. what fallacy does this commit?
After hearing the testimony of the inmates, according to the court reporter, the jurors were sent back to their cells for the evening.
What is testimony supposed to imply?
a formal declaration made verbally under oath by a witness in answer to inquiries from a lawyer or other qualified public authority. Evidence is the actual declaration of a fact. By "to witness" or "to deliver one's testimony," Christians in general—and particularly those who adhere to the Evangelical tradition—mean to "relate the tale of how one became a Christian." It usually refers to a certain period in a Christian's life when God performed something that was deemed to be extremely remarkable.
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which of the following tactics did the naacp use most frequently in the first half of the twentieth century?
Litigation tactics did the naacp use most frequently in the first half of the twentieth century.
Option A is correct.
How can it be fully explained?Litigation: The NAACP filed a number of lawsuits to oppose racial segregation and discrimination in a variety of settings, including education, housing, employment, and voting rights. The 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, which ended racial segregation in public schools, was one of the NAACP's most significant legal victories.
The NAACP used advocacy as a tool to highlight issues of racial discrimination and injustice. In order to educate the public about the plight of African Americans, they organized protests, distributed pamphlets, magazines, and newspapers, lobbied legislators, and distributed pamphlets, magazines, and newspapers to do so.
Question incomplete:
Which of the following tactics did the NAACP use most frequently in the first half of the twentieth century?
A. litigation
B. equal protection clause
C. women to have the right to vote
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Types of malpractice include failure to diagnose, failure to inform of diagnosis, lack of informed consent, and which of these?
Question 9 options:
Medical professionals who make errors in treatment
Differing opinion on treatment from another medical professional
Patients who do not follow aftercare treatment plans
Negative outcomes of a standard treatment plan
Misdiagnoses. Misdiagnoses are among the most common types of scientific negligence in malpractice claims.
A misdiagnosis happens when a health practitioner fails to diagnose a patient's circumstance and as an alternative diagnoses the patient with the wrong situation or states that he or she does not have any type of medical condition.
What is failure to diagnose or a prolong in diagnosis?Failure to diagnose takes place when a health practitioner fails to diagnose a patient's condition. Misdiagnosis outcomes from a health practitioner making an mistaken diagnosis. Lastly, a delayed prognosis takes region when a medical expert appreciably delays a correct diagnosis.
In no specific order, the following are sorts of the most frequent scientific malpractice claims: Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. Failure to treat. Prescription drug errors.
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I
Your client is the plaintiff in a workers' compensation case. She was injured in 1993 in Illinois. In 1995,
her employer destroyed all the business records relating to the client. The destruction of the records
was apparently accidental, not intentional. They were destroyed while the client's workers'
compensation case was pending.
You have located the following case:
Idle v. City Co., a case by the Supreme Court of Illinois, in 1980. In this case, the court created a cause of
action for wrongful destruction of business records. The court ruled that a cause of action exists if the
records were destroyed in anticipation of or while a workers' compensation claim was pending, if the destruction was intentional.
Ultimately, the success of the plaintiff's workers' compensation case will depend on a variety of factors, including the strength of the evidence, the legal arguments presented, and the decisions of the judge or jury assigned to the case.
What is a workers' compensation case. ?Generally, Based on the given information, it appears that the employer's destruction of the business records was accidental and not intentional. Therefore, the plaintiff in this case may not have a cause of action for wrongful destruction of business records under the ruling in Idle v. City Co.
However, the fact that the records were destroyed while the client's workers' compensation case was pending could potentially have an impact on the case. Without access to the business records, it may be more difficult to establish the extent of the plaintiff's injuries, the nature of her job duties, and other relevant information that could support her claim.
As the plaintiff's attorney, it would be important to thoroughly investigate the circumstances surrounding the destruction of the records, and to gather as much evidence as possible to support the client's case. This could include obtaining witness statements, reviewing any available documentation, and working with experts to establish the plaintiff's injuries and other relevant factors.
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which is not a case for rule utilitarianism?
Rule Utilitarianism - Case against Utilitarianism in General
1. Utilitarianism forces us to use a single scale or measure to evaluate completely different
kinds of consequences.
2. Utilitarianism ignores the problem of an unjust distribution of good consequences
Neither of the statements you provided is a case against rule utilitarianism specifically.
Rule utilitarianism seeks to address the problem of using a single scale to evaluate consequences by focusing on general rules that, if followed, would maximize overall well-being.
Additionally, rule utilitarianism may address the problem of an unjust distribution of good consequences by formulating rules that promote justice and fairness.
The case against utilitarianism in general is not a case for rule utilitarianism, but rather a critique of utilitarianism as a whole.
That being said, there are still criticisms of rule utilitarianism, such as the difficulty in formulating universal rules that can account for all possible scenarios, and the potential conflict between following rules and promoting individual well-being.
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Identify the aims and accomplishments of the Virginia Plan proposed by the Constitutional Convention.-It stressed the establishment of a two-house legislature.-Its proposed size and structure for Congress would bolster the power of the larger states.-argued that the country's large size and diversity of interests would be its strength-found support from cosmopolitan areas
Ultimately, the Virgi/nia Plan was one of the proposals that led to the creation of the United States Constitution. Its aim was to establish a strong central government that could effectively govern the diverse interests of the states. It accomplished this by proposing a bicameral legislature based on proportional representation, which would give more power to the larger states, and by establishing the executive and judicial branches of the government.
What is Constitutional Convention?Generally, The Vi/rginia Plan was proposed by James Madison at the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Its main aims were to establish a strong central government and to provide for the representation of the people based on population. The plan proposed the following:
A bicameral legislature: The Vir/ginia Plan called for a two-house legislature, with a lower house elected by the people and an upper house elected by the lower house.
Proportional representation: The number of representatives in both houses would be based on each state's population. This proposal was supported by the larger states, as they would have a greater say in the government.
Executive and Judicial branches: The Virgi/nia Plan called for a single executive who would be elected by Congress and a judiciary appointed by the executive.
The Vir/ginia Plan's proposed size and structure for Congress would bolster the power of the larger states. It argued that the country's large size and diversity of interests would be its strength. The Virgi/nia Plan found support from cosmopolitan areas and was seen as a way to balance the interests of different regions.
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which amendment formally guaranteed all women in america the right to vote? a) 16th amandment. b) 17th amendment. c) 18 amendment. d) 19th amendment.
The 19th amendment is the one that officially granted the right to vote to all women in America.
A document, statute, or constitution may be amended by making changes or additions to it. The term "amendment" is commonly used in the United States to describe a change made to the U.S. Constitution, which establishes the makeup and scope of the federal government. The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution—known as the Bill of Rights—have been changed 27 times. Some individual rights and liberties, including as freedom of speech, religion, and the press, are guaranteed by these amendments. Among other significant developments, other amendments have increased voting rights, banned slavery, and established presidential term limits. The amending procedure is challenging on purpose to make sure that changes are deliberate and well-considered.
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