Option 6 is Correct. Oxidation is advantageous energetically. This is due to the high-energy phosphoanhydride link being broken by NADPH oxidation.
As a result, these processes are more energy-beneficial than the biosynthetic events connected to NADPH reduction. NADPH is more stable in its oxidised state than in its reduced state. NADPH is made up of two very energetic electrons. As NADP+ is more stable in its oxidised state than in its reduced state, losing these electrons in an oxidation process is energetically advantageous (NADPH).
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP) can be found in two states: oxidised (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). First of all, NADPH is an electron and hydrogen acceptor. These particles are simultaneously transferred to the NADP+ molecule by the specific enzymes. When it accepts the electrons in this process, NADP+ decreases.
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Correct Question:
Why is the oxidation of NADPH energetically favorable?
1. None of these answers
2. The reduced form of NADPH is more stable than the oxidized form.
3. The biosynthetic reactions that are coupled to NADPH oxidation are energetically favorable.
4. NADPH is the form of the molecule that can gain two high-energy electrons.
5. The oxidized form, NADP+, is more stable than the reduced form NADPH.
6. Oxidation of NADPH breaks a high-energy phosphoanhydride bond.
why are the sterols in eukaryotic cell membranes significant?
Phytosterols, zoosterols, and mycosterols are the names given to the sterols that are found in the membranes of plants, animals, and microbes, respectively.
Cholesterol is the predominant zoosterol, while phytosterols such -sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol make up the majority of zoosterols in plants. These sterols are all 5-sterols, while 7-sterols could possibly be found in trace amounts. Sterols are molecules having a structure similar to a sterol but without an endocyclic double bond. Methyl sterols, sometimes referred to as triterpenyl alcohol, feature an extra methyl group at carbon-4 in the molecule's A-ring. In plant membranes, methyl and dimethyl sterols are frequently found with sterols. Sterols are typically absent from the membranes of bacteria, but they are highly accumulated in yeasts. Several types of sterols are produced by algae.
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what does the rough er do
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubes and flattened sacs that are studded with ribosomes on the outer surface. The rough ER is involved in the synthesis and modification of proteins.
Ribosomes attached to the rough ER synthesize proteins, which are then threaded into the interior of the ER, where they undergo further processing. The rough ER is responsible for modifying, folding, and transporting these newly synthesized proteins to their final destination in the cell. In addition to protein synthesis and modification, the rough ER also plays a role in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and other harmful substances. The rough ER is found in many types of cells, including liver cells, which are involved in detoxification, and pancreatic cells, which produce and secrete digestive enzymes.
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Active transport of the plasma membrane involves the movement of moleculesA.along the concentration gradientB.against the concentration gradientC.both along and against the concentration gradientD.neither along nor against the concentration gradient
Moving molecules against the concentration gradient is a part of active transport across the plasma membrane. So option B is correct.
Cellular processes known as active transport enable the movement of molecules and other materials in opposition to concentration gradients. The molecules need energy in the form of ATP to travel against the concentration gradient.
This process thereby helps to transport the molecules from outside to inside of the cell from low to high concentration regions. For example, the movement of calcium ions out of cardiac muscle and the movement of amino acids across the intestinal lining.
Therefore, option B is correct about active transport.
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How are traits inherited through multiple alleles?
Multiple alleles are inherited from half of our genes from mother, & the other half from father, An excellent example of multiple allele inheritance is human blood type. Blood type exists as four possible phenotypes A, B, AB, & O.
In general , Multiple allelism, takes place when more than two gene forms exist for the same locus. Example includes, if one allele of the gene producing height can be tall, while the other allele can be dwarf. this indicates that given genes contains, three or more alleles in the population.
Hence, the best and popular example of multiple alleles in humans is the ABO blood groups, as discussed in the Non-Mendelian Inheritance concept. Also other human traits characterized by multiple alleles would includes hair color, hair texture, eye color.
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what ingredients are formed when an atp molecule breaks?
The ATP molecule breaks off one in all its 3 phosphates whilst a mobileular wishes to expend energy to complete a job, resulting in the formation of ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate.
Adenosine triphosphate is the molecular compound that acts as the unit of energy in a cell. Because it can be "spent" to start chemical processes, ATP is referred to as money.
There are three components to an ATP atom. Adenine, a double helix of carbon and nitrogen ions, makes up one component. A tiny carbohydrate termed ribose, which has five carbons, is joined to the adenine molecule. This results in the discharge of about 7.3 kilocalories of energy. The organism can use this energy to carry out its tasks.
The enzyme adenosine triphosphatase is responsible for breaking down an ATP molecule.
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what happens when globular proteins are denatured
Reduced disulfide connections enhance inherent viscosity, implying that spherical proteins are unfolding to loose, growing random coil chains. This is known as denaturation.
Globulular proteins, also known as spheroproteins in biochemistry, are spherical ("globe-like") proteins that are one of the most frequent protein forms (the others being fibrous, disordered and membrane proteins). Globular proteins, unlike fibrous or membrane proteins, are moderately water-soluble (form colloids in water).
Globulular proteins include hemoglobin. It transports oxygen in the blood. Proteins with globular structures are round or spherical in shape.
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Full Question: What happens when globular proteins are denatured?
the ossicles serve as attachment sites of several muscles that control the mandible, tongue, and larynx. (True or False)
False. The ossicles are the three small bones in the middle ear that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. They are not directly involved in the control of the mandible, tongue, or larynx.
What are mandibles?Mandibles are the lower jawbones in vertebrates, including humans. The mandible is the largest and strongest facial bone and forms the lower jawline. It is a U-shaped bone that articulates with the skull's temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint.
What is the significance of mandibles?The mandible bone has several vital structures, including the mandibular condyle, which articulates with the skull at the temporomandibular joint, and the coronoid process, an attachment point for the temporalis muscle. The mandible also houses the lower teeth in dental alveoli and contains the mental foramen.
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the number and variety of different species in a given area is called?
The phrase "biodiversity" refers to the quantity and variety in species found in a given location.
Contrarily, interspecies biodiversity is the variety of life forms among themselves, including their diversity in terms of both quantity and variety as well as relative importance. The variety of creatures, plants, fungi, or even organisms such bacteria that cause up our natural environment are all included in what is known as biodiversity. The phrase "biodiversity" refers to the quantity and variety in species found in a given location. Biodiversity, often known as biological diversity, refers to the range of life that can be found on Earth, or frequently, the whole range of life. The number of species is a frequent indicator of this variability, which is known as species richness.
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which type of body fat is the most detrimental to health?
The type of body fat that is thought to be most harmful to health is visceral fat, also referred to as abdominal or deep belly fat.
Visceral fat surrounds important organs like the liver, pancreas, and intestines in the deep abdominal cavity.
Many health issues, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and several forms of cancer, have been associated with high levels of visceral fat. Visceral fat is also linked to inflammation and a higher chance of developing metabolic syndrome, a group of illnesses that raises the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Even though it's crucial to keep a healthy weight overall, lowering visceral fat specifically with diet and exercise can have considerable health advantages.
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What are the 13 parts of an animal cell?
The thirteen parts of a particular animal cell are endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, mitochondria, vacuoles, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nuclear membrane, cell membrane, cytoskeleton, vesicles, centrioles, Golgi apparatus and nucleus.
The cells which are present in animals are known as the animal cell. The animal cells contain a plasma membrane but they do not contain a cell wall like in the case of plants. They also contain a number of membrane bound organelles and a well defined nucleus. They have an endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, nucleolus, centrioles, Golgi apparatus.
They also have vesicles and a cytoskeleton which gives the cell its shape and also aids in the movement of the cell.
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For a diploid organism, what is the correct definition of a genotype? A.the entirety of all genes found in germ line cells. B.the version of the gene the organism has. C.the expression of the genes found in somatic cells. D.a specific combination of alleles at a specific locus.
D. a particular set of alleles at the a particular locus. The term "genotype" broadly refers to an organism's genetic make-up; in other terms, it characterises an organism's whole gene pool.
The phrase can also be used to describe to the genotypes, or different forms of the a gene, that an organism carries in a more specific meaning. The genetic configuration of a property that an organism inherits from its parents is called a genotype. The total set of genes that a child or adult acquired from each parent is referred to as the genotype. The genes we receive from our parents via reproduction determine our genotype. Our parents pass on to us all of the genes that make up our genotype, which is the genetic make-up of an organism.
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What are the 12 thoracic vertebrae?
The lumbar spinal column is directly above the T12 vertebra. Of the thoracic spinal vertebrae, it is the biggest and most inferior. In the trunk region, the T12 vertebrae are situated between the T11 vertebra and the L1 vertebra, which is the first lumbar vertebra.
T1–T12 refers to the 12 vertebrae that make up the thoracic area. Spinal nerves leave through a space that is created by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebral laminae, pedicles, and articular processes. The thoracic vertebrae work together to form a kyphotic curve. The thoracic vertebrae have medium-sized bodies. They can be identified by their long, slender spines, facets on the sides of the bodies that articulate with the ribs' heads, and facets on the transverse processes that articulate with the ribs' tubercles.
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What happens when the recurrent laryngeal nerve is damaged?
Damage of recurrent laryngeal nerve can result in loss of voice, or can cause difficulty in breathing and swallowing, and it can also leads to cause hoarseness .
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vague nerve that innervates the muscles of the larynx, including the vocal cords. Damage to the RLN can result in a variety of symptoms and complications, depending on the extent and location of the damage.
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a nerve that supplies motor function to the muscles of the larynx or voice box. It also provides sensory information to the larynx and trachea. Damage to the RLN can result in a variety of symptoms depending on the extent and location of the injury.
If the RLN is damaged on one side, the symptoms may include:
Hoarseness or loss of voiceWeakness or paralysis of the vocal cord on the affected sideDifficulty speaking, especially when trying to project the voiceDifficulty swallowing, especially liquidsChoking or coughing when trying to swallowShortness of breath or wheezingDecreased sensation in the larynx and tracheaTo know more about laryngeal nerve
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C6H12O6+602 →→→ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + heat + ATP How does this equation represent the law of conservation of energy-that energy cannot be created or destroyed?
The chemical reaction equation C6H12O6+602 →→→ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + heat + ATP represent the law of conservation of energy that energy cannot be created or destroyed? because we can observe the same components in the reactants and products.
What is the law of conservation of energy?The law of conservation of energy is a scientific model explaining energy cannot be created or destroyed in the universe.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the law of conservation of energy show that the amount of reactants should be equal to products.
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The equation above represent the law of conservation of energy being that the energy broken down in the reactant side is released as heat and energy in the product.
What is the law of conservation of energy?The law of conservation of energy is a principle stating that energy may not be created or destroyed.
Endothermic reactions absorb energy, and exothermic reactions release energy. Whether a chemical reaction absorbs or releases energy, there is no overall change in the amount of energy during the reaction.
According to this question, the chemical equation of cellular respiration is given. Glucose is broken down to release energy in form of ATP and heat.
This shows that the amount of energy does not change in the product and reactant sides.
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What are the 3 main veins of the arm?
Which level of biodiversity may still be reduced after a species recovers from a threat to its survival? answer choices
a. ecosystem diversity
b. genetic diversity
c. population diversity
d. species diversity
Option b. genetic diversity.Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a population of a particular species.
Even after a species recovers from a threat to its survival, the genetic diversity of the population may still be reduced. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as:
Genetic bottlenecks: A genetic bottleneck occurs when a large proportion of the population is wiped out by a catastrophic event, such as a natural disaster or human activity. The survivors of the bottleneck will have limited genetic diversity compared to the original population, which can affect their ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.Inbreeding: Inbreeding occurs when individuals mate with close relatives, such as siblings or cousins. This can lead to a reduction in genetic diversity and an increase in the expression of harmful recessive traits.Fragmentation of habitat: When the habitat of a species is fragmented, populations may become isolated from each other, which can lead to reduced gene flow and increased genetic differentiation between populations.Reduced genetic diversity can have negative effects on the long-term viability of a population, such as reduced adaptability to changing environmental conditions and increased susceptibility to diseases and other threats. Therefore, it is important to preserve genetic diversity, even after a species has recovered from a threat to its survival.
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What gas has a higher concentration in the stratosphere than in the troposphere?
Ozone and water concentrations are substantially greater in the troposphere than the stratosphere, respectively, while ozone concentrations are much higher in the stratosphere.
As a result, chemicals that travel from the troposphere to the stratosphere for example, N2O and those that are man-made for example, CFC tend to diffuse upward very slowly.
In the stratosphere, ozone is produced through photochemical and natural processes. In the stratosphere, where it absorbs physiologically hazardous UV radiation, ozone is not only necessary for life on earth but also a pollutant in the troposphere.
The troposphere contains a disproportionately large amount of water vapour and particles as compared to other layers of the atmosphere. Particulates are incredibly small fragments of solid or liquid materials, commonly known as aerosols.
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What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult? a. Eosinophil b. Lymphocyte c. Basophil d. Neutrophil.
In a healthy adult, neutrophils are the most prevalent form of leukocyte.
The correct option is D.
Do leukocytes mean infection?A screening test called leukocyte esterase is used to find evidence of white blood cells in urine. You could have an infection in your urinary tract if this is the case. If this test is positive, white blood cells and other indicators of an infection should be looked for in the urine using a microscope.
What kind of infection produces leukocytes?A urinary tract infection (UTI), kidney stones, or a pelvic tumour are a few conditions that might be indicated by high amounts of leukocytes in your urine. Danger factors included childbearing and a damaged immune system.
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What are the 5 steps of waste hierarchy?
Five hierarchy: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover, Landfilling: the hierarchy of waste. Priority is placed on waste avoidance, then reuse, recycling, recovery, and disposal.
The hierarchy, which is based on five criteria arranged according to what is best for the environment, encourages us to reconsider our relationship with garbage. The trash hierarchy is a straightforward ranking system that is used to determine which waste management alternatives are best for the environment.
The least favoured choice is to dispose of garbage in landfills, while the most preferred option is to prevent waste. The Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act of 2001's goals are supported by the waste hierarchy, a list of priority for the effective use of resources.
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the process by which co2 (and then carbon) is added to intermediate and deep-ocean water and the ocean bottom, through the involvement of photosynthetic organisms, is called the ______.
The biological pump is the mechanism through which CO2 (and then carbon) are added to intermediate and deep ocean water as well as the ocean floor by photosynthetic organisms.
Seawater's pH is lowered as a result of the oceans absorbing roughly 30% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) that we produce. We call this phenomenon "ocean acidification." Whenever air meets water, the ocean takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Water has greater opportunities to absorb carbon dioxide when there are waves and turbulence, which are brought on by wind.
Like land animals, fish and other oceanic creatures also breathe oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide (CO2). The concentration of hydrogen ions increases as a result of a series of chemical reactions that take place when CO2 is absorbed by saltwater.
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the basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present. true/false
Answer: The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present. A major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity. Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.
Explanation:
The arrangement of collagen fibers, not the amount of elastic fibers or fat cells, is the fundamental difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissue.
Collagen fibers irregularly or irregularly arranged that define the dense irregular connective tissue. This tissue can be found in places such as the dermis of the skin and organ capsules, where it provides support and strength in a variety of directions. In contrast, the collagen fibers in dense regular connective tissue are aligned parallel to each other and run in a single direction to provide strength and support.
So, the given statement is False.
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Rickettsias differ from chlamydias in that rickettsiasA) require an arthropod for transmission.B) are intracellular parasites.C) are gram-negative.D) are enterics.E) form elementary bodies.
The correct option is (B) intracellular parasites. Intracellular spongers from the rubrics Toxoplasma, Leishmania, leishmaniasis and microsporidiosis, ail that kill millions of people around the globe.
Endoparasites may be either intercellular( inhabiting spaces in the host's body) or intracellular parasites( inhabiting cells in the host's body). Intracellular spongers, similar to bacteria or contagions, frequently calculate on a third organism, known as the carrier, or vector, to transmit them to the host. Types of spongers.
There are two main types of intracellular spongers Facultative and drive. Facultative intracellular spongers are able to live and reproduce in or outside of host cells.
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the combining forms or terms that literally mean rib are
The combining forms or terms that literally mean" caricature" are cost/ o and pleuro- 8.
The combining word form that refers to the" chine, vertebral column, and/ or backbone" is rachi/ o- and spondyl/o. Cost/ o- Cost/ o is deduced from the Latin word" costa," which means caricature. Cost/ o is generally used in medical language to relate to the caricatures, as well as to structures or conditions related to the caricatures, similar as the costal cartilage, costochondritis( inflammation of the cartilage that connects the caricatures to the sternum), and costovertebral joints( joints between the caricatures and the chines).
Pleur/ o- Pleur/ o is deduced from the Greek word" pleura," which means caricature or side. Although it's primarily used to relate to the pleura, which is the thin membrane that lines the lungs and the casket depression, pleur/ o is also used to describe structures or conditions.
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what is the approximate ratio of glial cells to neurons?A. 10:1B. 10:2C. 10:3D. 10:4
The approximate ratio of glial cells to neurons in the human brain is about 10:1, which means that there are roughly 10 glial cells for every 1 neuron.
What are Glial cells?Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) that provide support and insulation to neurons. There are three main types of glial cells in the CNS: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, while in the PNS, the main types of glial cells are Schwann cells and satellite cells.
This ratio can vary somewhat depending on the region of the brain and other factors, but the 10:1 ratio is a good approximation for the brain as a whole. Glial cells are important for supporting and maintaining the health of neurons, and they play a variety of other roles in the brain as well.
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Which spell would stop the vines of a venomous Tentacula?
what is muscles of the face labeled?
Muscles of facial expression include frontalis, orbicularis oris, laris oculi, buccinator, and zygomaticus.
The facial muscles, also known as craniofacial muscles, are a collection of approximately 20 flat skeletal muscles located beneath the skin of the face and scalp. The majority of them begin in the skull's bones or fibrous structures and radiate to the skin.
With the exception of the buccinator muscle, they are not wrapped by a fascia like the other skeletal muscles. Facial muscles surround facial apertures (mouth, eye, nose, and ear) or stretch over the skull and neck.
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Policy makers are considering banning a pesticide that is toxic to humans
under certain conditions. Which of the following is an economic impact of
banning the pesticide?
A. Organisms harmed by the pesticide will experience an increase in
population.
B. Manufacturers that produce the pesticide will no longer profit from
its sale.
C. Humans exposed to the pesticide will no longer be at risk from its
harmful effects.
D. The remaining pesticide currently in the environment will take
years to dissipate.
The economic impact of banning the pesticide that is toxic to humans is primarily related to its effect on the supply and demand for the product. Option B is the correct answer: manufacturers that produce the pesticide will no longer profit from its sale.
The Economic Effect of banning the pesticideIf the pesticide is banned, the demand for the pesticide will decrease or even disappear, leading to a decrease in sales and a reduction in profits for the manufacturers. This will affect the companies that produce the pesticide, as well as the people who work for these companies.
Options A, C, and D describe potential environmental and health impacts of banning the pesticide, but they are not direct economic impacts. Option A suggests that the ban may have an effect on the population of organisms that were previously harmed by the pesticide. Option C suggests that humans will no longer be at risk from the pesticide, which has a positive impact on public health, but it is not an economic impact. Option D suggests that there may be some long-term effects of the ban, but this is also not a direct economic impact.
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Changing one amino acid within a protein could change what about a protein?A. The primary structureB. The overall shape of the proteinC. The function of the proteinD. All of the above
All of the preceding. A protein's sequence of amino acids is its primary structure; therefore, altering an amino acid will undoubtedly alter the protein's primary structure.
What happens when one amino acid in a protein is changed?A protein's function may change or disappear entirely if one amino acid in its sequence is altered. Proteins are composed of amino acids. The protein's three-dimensional structure can change, changing its function, even by changing just one amino acid.
How might the functionality of a protein be affected if the primary structure of the protein changes?The amino acid sequence has changed because the primary structure has changed. This may result in distinct hydrogen bonding, resulting in distinct secondary structures. Due to different hydrogen, ionic, and disulfide bridge interactions, this may result in distinct folding.
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Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters theA) right atrium.B) right ventricle.C) left atrium.D) left ventricle.E) conus arteriosus.
The correct option is (A) right atrium. Oxygen-poor blood returns from the body to the heart through the superior vena cava( SVC) and inferior vena cava( IVC), the two main modes that bring blood back to the heart.
The oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium( RA), or the right upper chamber of the heart. Blood enters the right patio from the body, moves into the right ventricle, and is pushed into the pulmonary highways in the lungs.
After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary modes into the left patio, to the left ventricle and out to the body's apkins through the aorta.
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cardiac muscle tissue is supplied with nutrients and oxygen by which part of the human transport system
Arteries - they transport oxygen-rich blood from your heart to every region of your body, becoming smaller as they move away from the heart.
Arteries are blood channels that transport oxygen-rich blood from your heart to all of your body's cells. They are part of your circulatory (cardiovascular) system. They are critical in the distribution of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body.
Arteries transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and to the various regions of the body. The pulmonary artery and the systemic artery are the two basic types of arteries. The pulmonary arteries transport blood from the heart to the lungs, where it absorbs oxygen.
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