The idea of a criminal justice non-system, in which different criminal justice agencies are more self-serving and focus more on performance measures than on justice, is the basis of the conflict model.
The conflict model of criminal justice, also known as the non-system viewpoint or system conflict perspective, proposes that a criminal justice system's organizations should or do operate competitively rather than cooperatively in order to deliver justice.
According to the system conflict theory, the criminal justice system is in conflict with itself because of concerns about success, money, promotions, and fame. As adversarial processes are considered as being fundamental to the "system," this perspective contends that there is no real system. It also highlights the fact that many criminal justice institutions have a tendency to divulge as little information as possible.
Both groups contend that the conflict perspective is the reality of criminal justice, but the consensus model is the goal, and groups that contend that the argument is both the reality and the ideal subscribe to this school of thought.
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Why would I get mail from the Department of Treasury Internal Revenue Service?
The Department of Treasury Internal Revenue Service contacts us if the balance is due, bigger or smaller refund is yours to get, regarding your tax return, we have a query, or so that we can confirm your identity.
Some more cases include getting further information for an individual, adjustments regarding your refund, or if there are any delays in processing your return.
You must carefully study each letter or notification sent by the Department of Treasury Internal Revenue Service since it provides a wealth of crucial information. Compare the data we gave in the notice or letter with the data in your initial return to see if we made any changes to your tax return.
There are two major reasons you should comply if your notice or letter requests a response by a certain date:
to reduce additional interest and penalty fees.to protect your right to appeal if you disagree.Use the special access code included in your letter or notice to respond as instructed, which may be via mail, FAX, or, if accessible, electronically through the Internal Revenue Service's Documentation Upload Tool.
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Illicit drugs cannot be cultivated, manufactured, bought, sold, or used within the confines of the law. T. True or False?
The given statement that "Illicit drugs cannot be cultivated, manufactured, bought, sold, or used within the confines of the law. " is true as the illicit drugs are basically the illegal drugs and hence cannot be cultivated or used.
Illicit drugs are usually the illegal drugs which are most commonly the drugs which are frequently abused, for example, heroin, cannabis, and cocaine, and also includes the possible non-medical use of drugs which are legally available that include the pain killers as well as the sleeping pills.
These drugs can cause harm, violence and crime. Within the confines of the law, it is prohibited to manufacture, cultivate, sell, buy or use such illicit drugs.
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what was different about president biden’s state of the union address this year?
President Biden has not yet given a State of the Union address since he took office in January 2021.
Typically, the President gives a State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress early in the year to outline their legislative priorities and provide an update on the state of the country. However, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear when or how President Biden will deliver his first State of the Union address.
President Biden did give a joint address to Congress on April 28, 2021, which some have referred to as a "pseudo State of the Union." In this address, he outlined his administration's plans for infrastructure, job creation, and social programs, including proposals to expand access to health care, education, and child care.
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the rights and responsibilites of all navy personnel are found in which of the
The United States Navy Regulations contain information about the obligations, rights, and interactions of different officials, groups, and people and are sanctioned by law.
Unlike other regulations that may be adopted in line with legislation, Navy Regulations are everlasting regulations of general applicability that are issued by the Secretary of the Navy. When it comes to the Naval Services, Title 10 of the United States Code is mostly implemented through the Navy Regulations. The President, the Secretary of Defense, or a congressional act have the legal authority to issue orders and directives, not the Naval Regulations.
The Chief of Naval Operations is in charge of upholding the Navy Regulations and making sure they meet the Department of the Navy's current requirements. Other Department of the Navy instructions may not contradict, modify, or revise any portion of the Navy Regulations. The Secretary of the Navy must give his or her approval before any additions, modifications, or removals to the U.S. Naval Regulations.
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under what legal system does a judge actively question the prosecution, the defense, and witnesses during the proceedings, and then ultimately issue a decision based on codified law?
In contrast, common law systems, such as those used in the United States and the United Kingdom, rely more heavily on adversarial proceedings, where the prosecution and defense present their cases to a judge or jury who then make a decision based on the evidence and arguments presented.
What is a legal system?Generally, The legal system that features a judge who actively questions the prosecution, the defense, and witnesses during proceedings, and ultimately issues a decision based on codified law is known as the inquisitorial system.
The inquisitorial system is commonly used in civil law countries, such as France, Germany, and Italy. In this system, the judge takes an active role in investigating the case and questioning witnesses, with the goal of uncovering the truth of the matter. The judge may also seek out additional evidence and appoint experts to assist with the case
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the vast majority of american law enforcement agencies are__
In the last years presidential primacy, so indispensable to the political order, has turned into presidential supremacy. The constitutional Presidency—as events so apparently disparate as the Indochina War and the Watergate affair showed, has become the imperial Presidency and threatens to be the revolutionary Presidency. . . . The imperial Presidency was essentially the creation of foreign policy. A combination of doctrines and emotions—belief in the permanent and universal crisis, fear of communism, faith in the duty and right of the United States to intervene swiftly in every part of the world—had brought about the unprecedented centralization of decisions. Prolonged war in Vietnam strengthened the tendencies toward both centralization and exclusion. So the imperial Presidency grew at the expense of the constitutional order. Like the cowbird, it hatched its own eggs and pushed the others out of the nest. And, as it overwhelmed the traditional separation of powers in foreign affairs, it began to aspire toward an equivalent centralization of power in the domestic polity.Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Imperial Presidency, 1973[Which of the following statements is a correct implication of the author's argument?]A) The modern president has abused the power of the executive branch through the use of the bullypulpit.B) Federal courts play a substantial role in the American political system, but they have been unable to check the executive.C) The perception of multiple crises has led to the growth of an executive branch that is undermining the separation of powers in the government.D) The Constitution has failed to protect the separation of powers by giving the executive branch and the president too much power.
The correct option for this question is Option (C)
C) The perception of multiple crises has led to the growth of an executive branch that is undermining the separation of powers in the government.
The author argues that the modern presidency has become the "imperial Presidency" due to a combination of doctrines and emotions that have led to the centralization of decisions and the exclusion of other branches of government. The author specifically mentions the belief in the permanent and universal crisis, fear of communism, and faith in the duty and right of the United States to intervene swiftly in every part of the world as factors that have contributed to the growth of the executive branch. This has led to the undermining of the separation of powers in the government, as the executive branch has overwhelmed the traditional separation of powers in foreign affairs and has begun to aspire toward an equivalent centralization of power in the domestic polity.
Therefore, the correct implication of the author's argument is that the perception of multiple crises has led to the growth of an executive branch that is undermining the separation of powers in the government.
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what could elizabeth have done right before she turned in the paper to avoid plagiarism?
Elizabeth could have done several things right before she turned in the paper to avoid plagiarism:
Properly cite all sources: It is important to properly cite all sources used in the paper. This includes direct quotes, paraphrased information, and any ideas or concepts taken from other sources. Proper citation includes both in-text citations and a bibliography or works cited page.Paraphrase correctly: When paraphrasing, it is important to put the information into your own words and not simply change a few words or rearrange the sentence structure. Paraphrasing also requires proper citation.Check for accidental plagiarism: Before turning in the paper, it is important to double check for any accidental plagiarism. This can be done by using a plagiarism checker tool or by carefully reviewing the paper and comparing it to the original sources.By following these steps, Elizabeth can ensure that her paper is free of plagiarism and that she is giving proper credit to the original sources.
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what is it called when a powerful country wants to be able to influence political and economic developments of another country?
Claire lives in Alabama and holds a sales associate license there. She also wants to be able to work in Florida. What must Claire do?
A. Complete 60 hours of pre-licensing education and pass the state and national portions of the licensing exam.
B. Ask her broker to send the Transfer License form to the FREC.
C. Florida recognizes all out-of-state licenses, so Claire does not need to do anything in order to practice real estate in Florida.
D. Submit an application and pass the state portion of the licensing exam.
Claire lives in Alabama and holds a sales associate license there. She also wants to be able to work in Florida. Claire must Submit an application and pass the state portion of the licensing exam.
Hence, the option is D.
If Claire wants to practice real estate in Florida she needs to Submit an application and pass the state portion of the licensing exam as a non-resident of Florida. Through the licensing examination the government evaluates the ability of the examinee, on the basis of such results people are hired at various job posts. The person who is graduate is eligible to give the licensing exam.
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What's the meaning of Plessy v. Ferguson ?
when a nation puts government-backed insurance programs in place to cover major types of foreign investment risk, it has the effect ofa. restricitng outward FDI by a host countryb. restricitng outward FDI by ahome countryc. restricitng inward FDI by a host countryd. encouraging inward FDI by a host countrye. encouraging outward FDI by a home country
The correct answer is d. encouraging outward FDI by a home country.
What is an outward FDI?
A business strategy known as an outward direct investment (ODI) is one in which a local company expands its activities to a foreign nation.
ODI may come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on the organisation. As an illustration, some businesses will invest in "green fields," which is when a parent firm establishes a subsidiary abroad. Moreover, a merger or purchase may take place abroad (and so may be considered an outward direct investment). As a last option, a business may choose to implement an ODI strategy by expanding an existing foreign site. As home markets become saturated and greater commercial prospects are available abroad, using ODI is a logical next step for businesses.
Outward foreign direct investment, or ODI, is another name for foreign direct investment.
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what article in the declaration would be violated
The right to freedom of speech, as stated in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, would be violated if a person's right to speak freely were restricted or suppressed.
A person's right to speak freely would be violated if it were curtailed or suppressed, according to Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
This right allows people to express themselves without fear of retribution or censorship, and is necessary for a healthy democracy. Freedom of speech can be limited in certain circumstances, such as when hate speech is used to incite violence or when someone's speech is considered to be a threat to national security.
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What are examples of insuring domestic tranquility?
Examples of insuring domestic tranquility include ensuring that individuals have access to the courts of law, protecting the rights of individuals to voice their opinions, and maintaining an adequate level of public safety.
There are many other examples of insuring domestic tranquility, including ensuring that individuals are treated equally before the law, protecting the rights of workers to organize unions and engage in collective bargaining, and ensuring that individuals have the right to due process in criminal and civil proceedings.
In general, the government should take steps to ensure that the lives of its citizens are safe and secure from threats both internal and external. This includes taking steps to address the needs of communities and individuals who might be at risk of becoming involved in criminal activity.
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What step occurs after policy formulation in the policymaking process?A) Policy agendaB) Policy enactmentC) Policy evaluationD) Policy implementation
After policy formulation in the policy making process, the next step is typically policy enactment (Option B).
Policy enactment refers to the formal adoption of the policy by the relevant legislative body, executive agency, or other decision-making body. Policy enactment can involve a variety of activities, depending on the specific policy and political context. In some cases, it may involve the passage of a new law or regulation, while in others it may involve the revision or modification of existing policies or programs. Policy enactment is a crucial step in the policy making process, as it determines whether the policy will actually be implemented and enforced. It may involve negotiations and compromises among different stakeholders, as well as public hearings and other forms of public engagement. Once a policy has been enacted, the next step is typically policy implementation, in which the policy is put into practice and its impact is assessed. This may involve the allocation of resources, the development of new programs or initiatives, and the training of personnel to carry out the policy. Ultimately, policy evaluation will assess the effectiveness of the policy in achieving its goals and objectives, and inform future policy making efforts.
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which constitutional amendment guarantees the right to a speedy trial?
According to the human right to a speedy trial, which is recognised in criminal law, a government prosecutor is not permitted to unilaterally or indefinitely postpone a criminal suspect's trial.
If not, the ability to impose such delays basically would give prosecutors the right to imprison anyone for a predetermined period of time without a trial.
Although having a court where a defendant can complain about an undue delay in the trial is necessary for the protection of speedy trial rights, it is equally crucial that countries put in place procedures to prevent delays.
The requirement of a "speedy trial" encourages prosecutors to rigorously develop cases within a reasonable length of time in jurisdictions with strong rule of law.
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the supreme court has made each of the specific guarantees in the bill of rights applicable to the states through the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment. when was this legalized?
This legal doctrine, commonly referred to as the incorporation doctrine, was established in the Supreme Court case of Gitlow v. New York in 1925.
In Gitlow, the Supreme Court ruled that key Bill of Rights protections were applicable to the States under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
This decision, which is generally referred to as the incorporation doctrine, started a protracted process of applying the majority of the Bill of Rights' protections to the States.
The First Amendment's freedom of speech, the Second Amendment's right to bear arms, the Third Amendments' ban on quartering soldiers, the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable search and seizure, the Fifth Amendment's due process clause, the Sixth Amendment's right to a speedy and public trial, the Seventh Amendment's right to a jury trial, the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment have all been subject to the incorporation doctrine.
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creates the judicial branch whose main job is to interpret the laws is called ?
The United States Constitution is the legal document that establishes the judicial branch and designates law interpretation as its primary function.
Together with the legislative and executive branches, the judicial branch is one of the three divisions of the federal government of the United States. Its main responsibility is to interpret the legislation and make sure it complies with the Constitution. The Supreme Court, the nation's highest court, as well as other federal courts are included in the judicial arm of the government. The President appoints federal judges, including justices of the Supreme Court, who are then confirmed by the Senate. The decisions made by the judicial branch can influence how laws are interpreted and applied for many years to come and have a profound impact on American culture.
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The Constitution states that all legislation regarding the passing of treaties or the approval of presidential appointments must _____.a. mark the bill as unread
b. remain within the Senate
c. legislate and produce Laws
d. people don't like the implications
According to the Constitution, only the Senate may pass legislation pertaining to signing treaties or approving presidential nominations. The correct answer is option(b).
The United States Constitution specifies that the CEO "be going to have Power, by and accompanying the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to create Treaties, given two-three of something of the Senators present approve" (Article II, portion 2). The Constitution gives to the Senate the singular capacity to authorize, by a two-thirds base vote, contracts crossed for one residence of the president of the united states.
The Senate has the singular capacity to validate those of the President's assignments that demand consent and to affirm contracts. There are, nevertheless, two irregularities to this rule: delegation of representatives must still authorize jobs to the Vice Presidency and some contract that includes overseas profession.
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As paid fire fighters became more common, what feature of modern fire stations was required to accommodate fire fighters who were there for extended hours?
As paid fire fighters became more common, sleeping quarters feature of modern fire stations was required to accommodate fire fighters who were there for extended hours.
The fire fighters had to work day and night and for those who work in extended hours the feature of sleeping quarters adopted in modern fire stations is very important. This can help in maintaining their health and to give them a balanced sleep cycle. Installation of such features in every fire station building would help the efficient working of these fire fighters. It can prevent them from over exertion due to excessive work and will help in securing their health.
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which statement about trends in texas government spending is best supported by the information presented in the following figure?
“Spending by the state has been more or less steady since the 2008-09 biennium” is the statement about trends in Texas government spending is best supported by the information presented in the following figure.
What do you mean by Government Spending?Government expenditure is the amount of money allocated by the public sector for the purchase of products and the delivery of services, such as defense, social protection, healthcare, and education.
The state receives more than $250 billion in income each year through more than 60 various taxes, fees, and levies. The majority of the money is spent on things like road building, professional licenses, jails, and university research.
Public welfare ($1,512) and elementary and secondary education ($2,179) were Texas's two highest per-capita expenditure categories. The majority of Medicaid funding is classified by the Census Bureau as part of public welfare, although some of it is also given to public hospitals.
Therefore, spending by the state has been more or less steady since the 2008-09 biennium.
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what laws excluded the jews from public life in germany?
The laws in relation to the Anti-Jewish legislations were the ones that excluded the Jews from the public life in Germany.
The Jewish people faced hard times in the German society at the end of the mid-twentieth century. The dictatorship rulings of Adolf Hitler also aimed at completely excluding the Jewish population from living an ordinary public life in Germany, and thus, the Anti-Jewish legislations were brought into enforcement in the society as a result of the same. Thus, these laws were enough to keep Jewish away from public life.
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the average text takes the drivers eyes off the road for how many seconds
An average text is known to be taking the drivers' eyes off the road for a minimum of five seconds, which might also lead to serious road accidents.
The road accidents have become very common, especially in the countries with higher number of alcoholics. The distractions while driving are very common aspect of accidents taking place in the recent times. Texting someone on their phone is one such distraction, which is known to distract the driver for a minimum of five seconds, and may also prove to be fatal.
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What rule or law did the court use in the Doe v Roman Catholic Diocese of Indianapolis?
1. A moral obligation to perform an agreement does not provide sufficient consideration to create an enforceable contract
2. A promise must be predicated upon adequate consideration before it can command performance
The law that the court applied in Doe v Roman Catholic Diocese of Indianapolis was that a moral responsibility to fulfil an agreement did not offer sufficient compensation to generate an enforceable contract. Thus, option A is correct.
A contract is defined as an agreement that stipulates specific legally binding rights and duties for two or more mutually consenting individuals. A contract usually involves the transfer of products, services, or money, or the promise to exchange any of these at a later period.
The court held in Doe v Roman Catholic Diocese of Indianapolis that a moral obligation to complete an agreement didn't provide any adequate remuneration to create an enforceable contract.
Doe claims that the case that a contractual relationship was formed when the Archbishop agreed to pay for the counselling sessions.
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Defendant is on trial for embezzlement from Company. Witness, an employee of Company, discovered the embezzlement after spending two weeks cataloging missing entries in Company's financial records, which should have been entered into the records by Defendant to reflect payments made by his clients to Company. Witness is called to testify at defendant's trial regarding the missing entries. At trial, witness testifies that (1) she is unable to remember exactly what entries were missing from the records, and (2) seeing her notes would help to refresh her recollection. The prosecutor can...
A. Have Witness read her notes to the jury
B. Have the notes entered into evidence
C. Show Witness the list and then take it away and have her testify from her refreshed recollection
D. A and C but not B
E. None of the above
The prosecutor can A. Have Witness read her notes to the jury C. Show Witness the list and then take it away and have her testify from her refreshed recollection.The correct answer is D. A and C but not B.
The witness has testified that she cannot remember exactly what entries were missing from the records, but that seeing her notes would help to refresh her recollection. Therefore, the prosecutor can show the witness the list and then take it away and have her testify from her refreshed recollection, as this would allow the witness to testify accurately based on her own recollection.
The prosecutor cannot have the witness read her notes to the jury because this would be hearsay evidence, as the witness would be testifying based on the contents of the notes rather than her own personal recollection.
The prosecutor can also not have the notes entered into evidence, as this would be considered hearsay evidence, and the notes would not be subject to cross-examination by the defense.
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A landowner owned a large tract of land containing numerous coal mines. To finance the renovation of some of the buildings on the land, the landowner obtained a $50,000 mortgage from a bank. Shortly thereafter, the landowner conveyed the surface of the land to his sister and the mineral rights to a utility company. The bank recorded its mortgage the next day; the day after that, the utility company recorded its deed; the following day, the sister recorded her deed. None of the parties dealing with the landowner had any knowledge of the others at the time of their transactions.The jurisdiction in which the land is located has the following statute: "No conveyance or mortgage of an interest in land is valid against any subsequent purchaser for value without notice thereof whose conveyance is first recorded."If the sister brings an action to quiet title to the land, the most likely result would be:
The utility company's mineral rights and the bank's mortgage would be subject to the sister's fee simple interest.
A mortgage is what?An agreement between you (the borrower) and a mortgage lender to purchase or refinance a house using funds given by the lender is known as a mortgage, sometimes known as a mortgage loan. In the event that you break the conditions of your mortgage, which typically involves not paying back the amount you borrowed plus interest, this agreement gives lenders the power to legally seize the property.
When you get a mortgage, your lender will give you a specified amount of money to buy the house. You agree to pay interest while repaying your loan over a period of years. The mortgage lender continues to have a claim to the home as long as the loan is not fully repaid. Fully amortized loans have a set payment schedule that makes sure the loan is paid back at the end of the period.
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how does a higher federal funds rate transmit to achieving the dual mandate?
The higher federal funds rate transmits to achieving the dual mandate by a number of policy tools related to the monetary policies for managing the financial conditions of the society.
The monetary policy of every economy is subjected to amendment with changing conditions in the economy. As a result of the same, many amendments are inserted into the policy with the use of tools for managing and controlling the financial conditions of the economy. One such method is to transmit a higher federal funds rate in the economy for time related thereto.
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the libel defenses of fair comment and criticism and opinion are not the same. (True/False)
'The libel defenses of fair comment and criticism and opinion are the same' is false. Truth, absolute privilege, qualified privilege, innocent construction, and opinion are defamation defenses.
A privilege known as a fair comment enables the media to express comments about prominent figures without worrying about being sued for libel. Also, it enables the public to voice their opinions about these people. The Supreme Court ruled in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan that there is an exemption when the person making the statement is aware that the information is incorrect at the time of the statement or when the person is carelessly disregarding whether the statement may be accurate or false. The onus is on the public figure to demonstrate that the statement's author acted maliciously.
Even if the information is ultimately shown to be untrue, the individual making the statement can still use the fair comment as a defense in a libel case if they honestly believe it to be true.
The only absolute or total defense against defamation is the truth. Where the "gist" or "sting" of the claimed defamatory remark is true, the defendant will succeed in truth defenses by only demonstrating that the allegedly defamatory statement is substantially true.
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what principle or law states that the stronger the reinforcer or punishment, the more quickly behavior will be conditioned?
The law of effect is the idea that behaviour will become more quickly conditioned the more severe the reinforcer or punishment.
The law of effect is the idea that behaviour will get conditioned more rapidly the greater the reinforcer or punishment. Based on his studies of animal learning, psychologist Edward Thorndike initially put out the rule of effect in the late 19th century. According to the law, actions that are followed by rewards (reinforcement) are more likely to be repeated, but actions that are followed by penalties (punishment) are less probable. The speed and effectiveness of the conditioning process are greatly influenced by the potency of the reinforcer or punishment.
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what is the difference between southern california and northern california in reference to escrow
Answer:
In Southern California, escrow functions are usually performed by an independent escrow company. In Northern California, however, the title company frequently also acts as the escrow agent for the transaction.
