The biological molecule composed of nucleotide monomers is nucleic acid. Examples of nucleic acids include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, and they consist of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose in RNA, and deoxyribose in DNA), and a phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T), while in RNA, the Nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U).
The sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA determines the genetic Information that is used to synthesize proteins and perform other cellular Functions.
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Francis Crick proposed the adaptor hypothesis, and later the adaptor was discovered to be:
A) siRNA
B) amino acid
C) tRNA
D) mRNA
E) micro RNA
Francis Crick put forth the adaptor hypothesis, and tRNA was later found to be the adaptor. The correct answer is option(c).
Francis Crick OM FRS was an English microscopic wildlife expert, biophysicist, and neuroscientist. He, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins acted important functions in understanding the curling form of the DNA particle.
Transfer RNA (shortened tRNA) is a narrow RNA fragment that plays a key duty in protein combination. Transfer RNA serves as a link (or adaptor) 'tween the emissary RNA (mRNA) particle and the increasing chain of amino acids that compensate for a protein.
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which drawing would best complete this student model of the oxidation of glucose during cellular respiration?
The oxidation of glucose produces energy in cellular respiration.
How is glucose oxidized in cellular respiration?The question is incomplete as the images of the model are missing hence I will deal with the oxidation of glucose in general.
Glucose is a primary source of energy for most living organisms and is oxidized through cellular respiration to generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The process of glucose oxidation involves several steps, which can be broadly divided into three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
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globally, genetically modified crops are being used to___
Globally, genetically modified crops are being used to improve yield.
What are Genetically modified crops?These are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods.
Genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield through the introduction of resistance to plant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicide thereby resulting in the reductions in food prices through improved yields and reliability.
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An important step in the process of translation is
Answer:
The formation of proteins( a polypeptide chain) by using RNA as a template
It consists of three important steps;
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Explanation:
what cellular structures do eukaryotic cells contain but prokaryotic cells lack
Answer:
prokaryotic cells lack the nuclear membrane
the most likely source of the taq polymerase used in pcr is a bacterium that lives in
A bacterium that resides in hot vents is the most likely source of the Taq polymerase used in PCR.
PCR means a vicious polymerase circle. It's a test to discover hereditary material from a particular animal to a degree a bug. The test detects the appearance of a virus if you have the bug event of the test. The test manages further discover fragments of the bacterium even afterward you are not any more polluted.
Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase I chose later the thermophilic eubacterial germ Thermus aquaticus, from what or which place it was initially unique by Chien and others? in 1976. Its name is often shortened to Taq or Taq pol.
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The complete question is:
The most likely source of the Taq polymerase used in PCR is a bacterium that lives in ______. (Module 4c)
Sheila plants white flowers and collects the seeds from all the plants once they mature. She plants the seeds from her flowers, expecting plants with white flowers to grow, but some of the offspring have purple flowers.
How could parent plants that have white flowers produce offspring with purple flowers? Use a Punnett square and an explanation as a part of your answer
If both parents were heterozygous for the flower color gene, then it is possible for their offspring to have purple flowers even though both parents had white flowers. This is because the purple allele is recessive and only shows up in the (observable traits) when an individual has two copies of the allele (ww).
What is Offspring?
Offspring are the descendants produced by the reproduction of one or more parents. The term is commonly used in the context of animal or plant reproduction, and it can refer to the offspring of sexual or asexual reproduction. Offspring can be genetically identical to their parents, as in asexual reproduction, or they can be genetically diverse, as in sexual reproduction where offspring inherit genetic material from both parents.
The most likely explanation for parent plants with white flowers producing offspring with purple flowers is that they were both heterozygous for the flower color gene. In other words, each parent had one dominant white allele (W) and one recessive purple allele (w). When the parents reproduce, their offspring have a 25% chance of inheriting two white alleles (WW), a 50% chance of inheriting one white and one purple allele (Ww), and a 25% chance of inheriting two purple alleles (ww).
To demonstrate this, we can use a Punnett square. The Punnett square is a tool used in genetics to predict the outcomes of a cross between two individuals. It shows the possible combinations of alleles that can be passed from the parents to their offspring.
Assuming both parent plants were heterozygous (Ww), the Punnett square would look like this:
| W | w
--|-----|-----
W | WW | Ww
--|-----|-----
w | Ww | ww
From the Punnett square, we can see that there is a 25% chance of the offspring inheriting two white alleles (WW), a 50% chance of inheriting one white and one purple allele (Ww), and a 25% chance of inheriting two purple alleles (ww).
Therefore, if both parents were heterozygous for the flower color gene, then it is possible for their offspring to have purple flowers even though both parents had white flowers. This is because the purple allele is recessive and only shows up in the phenotype (observable traits) when an individual has two copies of the allele (ww).
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What is called, varieties developed by combining genetic material from other populations
Varieties developed by combining genetic material from other populations are called hybrids. Hybrids are created by cross-breeding two or more distinct populations or species to produce offspring.
This technique is commonly used in agriculture to produce crops with desirable characteristics such as improved yield, disease resistance, and drought tolerance. In addition to agriculture, hybridization can occur naturally in the wild and is an important mechanism for the evolution of new species.
Hybridization is a common practice in plant and animal breeding, where breeders intentionally cross-genetically different parents to create offspring with specific traits beneficial for human use. For example, hybrid crops are commonly produced in agriculture by crossing two different parent varieties to produce a new hybrid variety with improved characteristics such as better yield, quality, and disease resistance.
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What is called, varieties developed by combining genetic material from other populations?
The presence of an epiphyseal line on an x-ray indicates that the bone has stopped growing in length. (True or False)
Answer: The line is visible on an X-ray as a dark line running parallel to the bone. The epiphyseal line is made up of cells that divide and grow, allowing the bone to lengthen. When the bone reaches its full adult size, the epiphyseal line disappears as the bone stops growing.
Explanation: The line is visible on an X-ray as a dark line running parallel to the bone. The epiphyseal line is made up of cells that divide and grow, allowing the bone to lengthen. When the bone reaches its full adult size, the epiphyseal line disappears as the bone stops growing.
What are the bones in hand called?
The bones in the hand are called as the "metacarpal bones and the phalanges".
The metacarpal bones are the five long bones that connect the wrist to the fingers, while the phalanges are the smaller bones that make up the fingers. There are 14 phalanges in total, with three phalanges in each finger (except for the thumb, which has two phalanges) and two phalanges in the big toe.
The metacarpals are numbered 1 to 5, starting with the bone connected to the thumb and ending with the bone connected to the little finger. The metacarpal bones play an important role in providing support and stability to the hand, as well as facilitating movement and fine motor control of the fingers.
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the right common carotid artery branches directly off the
The right common carotid artery branches directly off the brachiocephalic artery.
What is a brachiocephalic artery?The second branch to emerge from the aorta is known as the brachiocephalic trunk, sometimes known as the brachiocephalic or innominate artery.
It ascends from the aortic arch into the superior mediastinum and splits into its terminal branches at the right sternoclavicular joint. It helps in the supply of blood to the upper right side of the body.
Thus, the right common carotid artery branches directly off the brachiocephalic artery.
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which of the molecules listedd bwloc can form hydrogen bonds? for which of the molecules would dispersion forces be the only intermolecular forces
Out of the listed molecules the molecules that can form hydrogen bonds for which of the molecules would dispersion forces be the only intermolecular forces are NH3 and HF.
The reason is that in order to form a hydrogen bond, a molecule must contain a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom like oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), or fluorine (F). Both NH3 and HF meet this requirement, as they have a hydrogen atom bonded to nitrogen and fluorine, respectively. In these molecules, the hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge, while the electronegative atom carries a partial negative charge, creating a dipole-dipole interaction that can form a hydrogen bond with other molecules containing the same or similar electronegative atoms. H2 and HCl, on the other hand, cannot form hydrogen bonds as they do not contain hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms. H2 is a nonpolar molecule with no permanent dipole moment, so the only intermolecular force acting between H2 molecules is dispersion force. HCl is a polar molecule and can experience dipole-dipole interaction. However, it does not contain a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom, so it cannot form hydrogen bonds. Therefore, in HCl, the intermolecular forces are primarily dipole-dipole interaction and dispersion forces.
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The complete question is:
Which of the molecules listed below can form hydrogen bond? For which of the molecules would dispersion forces be the only intermolecular force? Give reasons for answer.
A. H2
B. NH3
C. HCl
D. HF
which characteristic do carbohydrates and triglycerides have in common?
The characteristic which is shared by the carbohydrates as well as the triglycerides is that they are formed by the same three elements which are the hydrogen, oxygen and carbon and are used in providing energy to the body.
Every single cell that is present in the body needs energy to perform its specific functions. This energy to the body and its cells is provided by the food that we take in our diet. The carbohydrates or the sugars are basically the main source of energy for the body followed by the proteins and the fat.
The triglycerides make up the fats and the carbohydrates are made up of a number of monomers and both of these macromolecules basically are formed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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How many genetically distinct "generations" are found in a mature angiosperm seed?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
which term describes the excessive stretching of a ligament?
Ligaments, the strong bands of fibrous tissue that unite two bones in your joints, can be stretched or torn, resulting in a sprain.
Your ankle is where sprains occur most frequently. A muscle or tendon that has been stretched or pulled will experience an acute strain. Overusing muscles and tendons through extended, repetitive action causes chronic strains. A strain could result from not obtaining adequate rest when working hard.
A muscle or tendon that has been stretched or pulled will experience an acute strain. Overusing muscles and tendons through extended, repetitive action causes chronic strains. A strain could result from not obtaining adequate rest when working hard.
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In the noncyclic pathway, electrons are moved from _____ to _____a. CO2 & waterb. water & NADPH+c. NADPH+ & O2 gasd. O2 gas & water
The noncyclic process involves the transfer of electrons via water to NADP+.
Electrons travel from H2O through PSII to PSI and subsequently to NADP+ in the noncyclic pathway. Light is absorbed by photopigments in Photosystem II's antenna complexes during light-dependent noncyclic photophosphorylation reactions, and excitons from the reaction centre are taken up by the principal acceptor of a Photosystem II electron transportation chain. The granal thylakoid area of chloroplast is where non-cyclic phosphorylation takes occur. The process of non-cyclic kinase involves two photosystems, Photosystem-I and Photosystem-II. Photosystem II accepts the liberated electrons from the oxidation of water. In the quasi transport pathway, electrons are delivered in this manner. Here is how oxygen works.
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Can You Fail a Drug Test from Secondhand Smoke?
The answer is no, you probably don’t get high from someone else’s smoke. The expression "contact high" suggests that you could experience a buzz if you breathe in cannabis secondhand smoke.
Similar to tobacco cigarettes, this mode of consumption emits smoke that non-users might inadvertently breathe in. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the THC, or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, that gives marijuana its "high," does exist in this secondhand marijuana smoke. Our teams of scientists frequently receive inquiries from people interested in learning more about how marijuana smoke from other people could affect a drug test.
To clarify the air on this subject, we consulted Dr. Barry Sample, Senior Director of Science & Technology at Quest Diagnostics. According to him, even with today's higher THC levels in marijuana, "there are no published, peer-reviewed studies that demonstrate that someone would test positive owing to "passive" or "incidental" exposure at events like parties or concerts."
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What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?A. It functions in joining adjacent cells together.B. It functions in recognizing foreign cells.C. It increases the rate of transport of ions across the membrane.D. It stabilizes the cell membrane.
Cholesterol regulates the bilayer construction of organic layers in more ways than one. It changes the smoothness, thickness, compressibility, water infiltration, and characteristic ebb and flow of lipid bilayers. The correct answer is (D) stabilizes the cell membrane.
Cholesterol is scattered between the phospholipid bilayer. In the event of temperature deviation, the unsaturated fat tails might dissolve or freeze. Changing the smoothness of the layer, that is to say, with expansion in temperature the phospholipid substances will more often than not create some distance from one another and in low temperature, the particles will move exceptionally near one another. Upsetting the layer's capacity to ship substances. Cholesterol is the balancing out particle that forestalls the outrageous development of phospholipids during temperature vacillation.
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What is the main function of epiglottis?
The main function of the epiglottis is to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea (windpipe) during swallowing.
What is the epiglottis ?The epiglottis is a flap of tissue located at the base of the tongue, and it is attached to the entrance of the larynx (voice box). During swallowing, the larynx moves upward and the epiglottis folds back over the larynx, forming a seal that prevents food and liquid from entering the airway.
This allows the food and liquid to pass down the esophagus and into the stomach, while keeping the airway clear for breathing.
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If a mutation in p53 gene is detected at the g1 checkpoint what mechanism is present that may prevent a cell from becoming cancerous?
If a mutation in p53 gene is detected at the g1 checkpoint, the mechanism which is present that may prevent a cell from becoming cancerous is as cell destruction mechanism.
What is Mutation?This is referred to as an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
Cells in which p53 is deleted or mutated lose the G1 checkpoint and no longer arrest at the G1/S transition. However, the self-destruction mechanism ensures that damaged DNA is not passed on to daughter cells and is important in preventing cancer.
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what is an enzyme that catalyzes the cutting and resealing of dna, and is translated from insertion sequences
Enzyme responsible for catalyzing and cutting and resealing of DNA and is translated from insertion sequences is called transposase.
In general , Transposase are enzyme that is used for the production of transposable elements. Transposase mediates the catalysis and the excision and insertion of these elements in various locations inside the genome. That result in different gene expression.
Also , these Transposase are very important in the movement of transposable elements . They helps DNA sequences to work as transposable element towards the target site where it will be inserted. their ability of cutting and resealing allows the transposable element to be inserted into the target site.
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a plant that produces two kinds of spores is called _________.
A plant that produces two kinds of spores is called Heterosporous.
What is Heterosporous?Heterosporous plants include all seed plants and certain spore-dispersed plants.
They create two different kinds of sporangia, which result in smaller microspores (which produce sperm) that grow into microgametophytes and larger megaspores (which produce eggs) that grow into megagametophytes.
The four meiotic products are maintained and develop into pollen grains during seed plant microsporogenesis. In contrast, only one of the four meiotic products survives during megasporogenesis.
Therefore, A plant that produces two kinds of spores is called Heterosporous.
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when researchers conduct a factor analysis procedure to see whether the factors they proposed in a test really exist in the test?
A method wherein researchers, employing factor analysis, take into account the theory underlying a test and suggest a set of underlying elements.
The number of elements needed for the factor analysis model is k(m+1), or the number of parameters in L (specifically, km) plus the number of elements in X = + LY +. (namely k). A technique called factor analysis is used to break down a large number of variables into a smaller number of elements. This method creates a common score by combining all variables' highest common variance. Observable variables in terms of a possibly smaller set of unobserved variables known as factors.
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In a hydrolysis reaction, _____. In this process, water is ___A dehydration reaction is the process in which __________.
A polymer is disassembled into its component monomers during a hydrolysis process. Water is ingested during this procedure.
In a hydrolysis reaction, a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules by the addition of water. In this process, water is used to break the chemical bonds between the molecules, resulting in the formation of two or more smaller molecules.A dehydration reaction is the process in which two molecules react together to form a larger molecule, with the release of a water molecule. This process occurs when a base and an acid react together, resulting in the formation of a salt and water.
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Many scientists believe the oceans are becoming more acidic. They have studied these topic with regard to the earths oceans
Answer:
yes
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Verified Answer ✅
Explanation:
Yes, many scientists believe that the oceans are becoming more acidic as a result of human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. This is known as ocean acidification, and it occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere dissolves in seawater, producing carbonic acid. This process increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in the water, which lowers the pH and makes it more acidic.
Ocean acidification can have a number of negative impacts on marine life, including reducing the ability of organisms like corals and shellfish to form their hard protective structures, disrupting the food chain, and altering the behavior of fish and other animals. It can also have broader impacts on the Earth's climate system, as the oceans play a critical role in regulating the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
Scientists have been studying ocean acidification for several decades and have conducted numerous experiments to better understand its causes and impacts.
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the product of gene transcription is
The information contained in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus during the transcription process. Protein is the end result of synthesis.
The process by which the genetic information contained in an mRNA is decoded into a particular sequence of amino acids to create polypeptides or proteins is known as translation. The first result of transcription in eukaryotes (organisms with nuclei) is known as pre-mRNA.
Before the mature mRNA is produced and ready for translation by the ribosome, the cellular organelle that acts as the site of protein synthesis, pre-mRNA is extensively edited through splicing.
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The process of protein turnover involves the _____. a. conversion of half the protein we eat to glucose for energy b. loss of amino acids by excretion through the kidneys when cells die c. use of amino acids that have been conserved from the breakdown of old cells d. annual replacement of old cells with new protein that has entered the body in food e. excretion of intracellular working proteins as old cells wear out
The process of protein turnover involves the excretion of intracellular working proteins as old cells wear out.
The correct option is E.
What is protein turnover?Protein turnover is the process by which cells in the body continually synthesize new proteins and break down old or damaged proteins. This process is important for maintaining the proper functioning of cells and tissues in the body.
Protein turnover involves two main processes: protein synthesis and protein degradation.
Protein synthesis involves the formation of new proteins from amino acids, while protein degradation involves the breakdown of existing proteins into their component amino acids. The balance between protein synthesis and degradation is important for maintaining the appropriate protein levels in cells and tissues.
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what organism causes ring of calcification around the heart
The organism which causes ring of calcification around the heart is called Calcific aortic stenosis.
Calcific aortic stenosis is a medical disorder in which the heart's aortic valve becomes partly blocked owing to calcium deposits. The aortic valve is a flap-like device that connects the heart's left ventricle to the aorta, the body's biggest artery. It controls how much oxygen-rich blood flows from the heart to the rest of the body. Calcium deposits on the aortic valve can cause the valve to stiffen and constrict, making blood flow through it more difficult. Symptoms include chest discomfort, shortness of breath, disorientation, and fainting.
Although the specific cause of calcific aortic stenosis is unclear, it is believed to be a mix of variables such as age, genetics, and other medical disorders such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. The illness is more frequent in elderly persons, and males are more prone than women to get it.
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what part of the eye is pulled into shapes that focus incoming light onto the receptor cells in the back of the eye A. Lens B. Retina C. Iris
The correct answer is option A. The lens part of the eye is pulled into shapes that focus incoming light onto the receptor cells in the back of the eye.
The eye's lens is a crucial component of the visual system. It is in charge of collecting and concentrating incoming light onto the retina, a layer of photoreceptor cells at the rear of the eye.
To concentrate light onto the retina, the lens, a flexible, transparent material, may be bent into many forms. The cornea, the eye's transparent outer layer, is the first thing light travels through.
The light is then bent and directed through the lens from there. The retina is where the information is processed into what humans can see once the lens focuses the light there. The ciliary muscles, which are in charge of controlling the lens, force it to alter its shape to focus on close-up or distant things.
The lens is a crucial component of the eye that gives us clear vision. The view would be hazy and blurred without it.
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what is area of grasses growing in shallow water; see salt marsh community
The area of grasses growing in shallow water, specifically in a salt marsh community, can vary depending on various factors, such as the size of the marsh, the species of grasses present, and the depth of the water.
Salt marshes are coastal wetlands inundated by saltwater brought in by tides. They are typically found in intertidal zones, where the water level rises and falls with the tide. Salt-tolerant grasses such as Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens are commonly found in these areas.
The total area of grasses growing in shallow water within a salt marsh can be difficult to determine due to the marsh's irregular shape and the vegetation's patchy distribution. However, estimates of the vegetation cover area in salt marshes can be made using remote sensing techniques such as satellite imagery or aerial photography.
In conclusion, the area of grass growing in shallow water in a salt marsh community can vary widely depending on various factors, but can be estimated using remote sensing techniques.
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